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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[New findings on an anti-proteinase in human plasma: l'inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor].

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) has been purified from C.N.T.S. fraction III as starting material. The purification procedure includes D.E.A.E. cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on G 150 Sephadex in the presence of EDTA. The purified protein gives one precipitation line in immunoelectrophoresis against anti-whole human sérum. It reacts only with an anti I alpha I immune serum and possesses a strong antitryptic activity. When studied in starch or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 2 components are observed, each of them having the same antigenic structure and the same antitryptic activity as the crude preparation. The slower and less important component is dissociated by 0,1% SDS. The molecular weight estimation of I alpha I BY PAA/SDS is about 180,000. This result is not modified by the presence of 1% beta mercaptoethanol indicating that I alpha I consists of one polypeptide chain. Crude preparation reveals under the same electrophoretical conditions small amounts of low molecular weight components (135,000 52,000 and 26,000) which can be due to a proteolytic action on I alpha I. Indeed plasmin is able to produce such fragments having an antitryptic activity as shown by fibrin/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relationship between small molecular weight inhibitors of human serum and bronchial secretions and those obtained after degradation of I alpha I by plasmin is discussed.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1996

Finding new mutator strains of Escherichia coli--a review.

Mutations in the lacZ gene were constructed that allowed the detection of mutators that caused specific transversion mutations. This allowed the detection of two new mutator genes, mut Y and mut M, which are involved in the repair of the 8-oxodguanine (8oxodG) lesion.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2003

Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorders: new findings and challenges.

A review of the current state of research in the genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented. OCD is a neuropsychiatric condition that affects 1-2% of the population and often has an early age at onset of symptoms. OCD has been shown to be familial, and a major gene effect has been reported. However, phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of OCD poses multiple challenges for locating susceptibility genes. Strategies such as the use of phenotypic subtyping (using tic disorders or other anxiety disorders) and endophenotyping based on brain mechanisms underlying OCD (functional brain imaging and neuropsychological measures) may open ways to understand the genetic components of OCD. Using child probands and extended families for linkage an association studies is another venue to obtain greater informative families for genetic studies. A better understanding of environmental triggers, OCD subtypes and OCD pathophysiology will lead to locating genes that confer risk to OCD.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

New findings in the degenerating tissues of the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement.

The degenerating tissues found in rat periodontal ligaments during tooth movement were examined morphologically, histochemically, and elementally, with decalcified and unfixed, undecalcified frozen sections. There were two types of degenerating tissues found in the compressed periodontal ligaments: One (type A tissue) was stained differently from collagen and the other (type B tissue) showed the same color as collagen. Type A tissue also showed the deposition of fibrin in Martius scalet blue and Weigert stain. The electron micrograph also showed the deposition of fibrin in type A tissue. No collagen fibers with typical bandings were seen in either tissue. The digestion experiment showed that type A tissue was digested by trypsin but not type B, whereas most of type B tissue was digested by collagenase but not type A. The backscattered electron image by scanning electron microscopy of type A tissue of the unfixed undecalcified frozen sections showed the presence of many small pieces. The elemental analysis of the pieces showed high peaks of phosphorous and calcium. These results indicate that collagen degradation, fibrin deposition, and calcification occurred in the degenerating tissues, especially in type A tissue during the experimental tooth movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Antiatherosclerotic potency of high density lipoprotein of different origins: a review and some new findings.

The antiatherosclerotic potency of isolated high density lipoproteins (HDL) of different origins was investigated in three experimental models: (1) isolated HDL were injected into cholesterol-rich fed rabbits; (2) the effect of HDL on the intracellular level of free and esterified cholesterol as well as on proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts was investigated in cell cultures; and (3) we studied the influence of isolated HDL fractions on thromboxane (TXB2) formation in clotting whole blood with different cholesterol content.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.

A topological virtual screening (tvs) test is presented, which is capable of identifying new drug leaders with anticonvulsant activity. Molecular structures of both anticonvulsant-active and non active compounds, extracted from the Merck Index database, were represented using topological indexes. By means of the application of a linear discriminant analysis to both sets of structures, a topological anticonvulsant model (tam) was obtained, which defines a connectivity function. On the basis of this model, 41 new structures with anticonvulsant activity have been identified by a topological virtual screening.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1990

New findings explaining the mode of action in prevention of facial clefting and first clinical experience.

Positive clinical results of nonspecific drug prevention in 63 pregnancies at risk, in families with occurrence of cleft lip, alveolus and palate are demonstrated. The model of cleft palate in mice, induced by dexamethasone, was used for the experimental foundation of the method. A significant decrease in the cleft palate incidence, up to 70%, was shown, when the animals were given vitamin B-complex prophylactically, simultaneously and/or therapeutically. Three main possible modes of action supported by experimental results are discussed. The results may be of interest also in respect of other malformation of multifactorial origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

New findings concerning early bone grafting procedures in patients with cleft lip and palate.

The following paper reports on our investigations of long-term results of 177 primary bone grafting procedures carried out in the period from 1959 to 1969. In an assessment of possible influential factors (multivariate statistical analysis), neither age at operation, dental hygiene, cleft form, aplasia or loss of teeth near cleft nor the surgeon was found to influence the success of the primary bone grafting procedure. The only significant correlation we found was that between cleft width and Bergland Index. In small clefts up to 4 mm wide, Bergland Index IV was not recognized. However, no cleft larger than 8 mm developed a Bergland Index I. Our results lead to the conclusion that primary bone grafting in wide clefts should not be performed as a single-stage procedure. We presume that, in wide clefts, a two-stage primary bone grafting procedure would likely have led to better long-term results.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2005

Finding new drug targets in the 21st century.

The past 30 years have witnessed a steady decline in the number of new drug targets. This review concentrates on the initial process of target identification and argues that current problems have resulted from a decrease in clinical research, an overemphasis on the discovery of new targets through an understanding of the molecular causes of disease and the adoption of cell and animal models that are poor predictors of human disease. To resolve this situation, we argue for increased clinical research and show that an intervention at the physiological level, using drugs to target at the extracellular signalling pathways, will facilitate identification of novel drug targets in the 21st century.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

14-3-3 proteins find new partners in plant cell signalling.

14-3-3 proteins are phosphoserine-binding proteins that regulate the activities of a wide array of targets via direct protein-protein interactions. In animal cells, the majority of their known targets are involved in signal transduction and transcription. In plants, we know about them primarily through their regulation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Nevertheless, an increasing number of plant signalling proteins are now being recognized as 14-3-3-interacting proteins. Plant 14-3-3 proteins bind a range of transcription factors and other signalling proteins, and have roles regulating plant development and stress responses. Important mechanisms of regulation by 14-3-3 include shuttling proteins between different cellular locations and acting as scaffolds for the assembly of larger signalling complexes.

14-3-3 Proteins↗
PubMed2002

New findings on the neuropathology of multiple system atrophy.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) provides a typical example of the integrative role of the central autonomic network in controlling cardiovascular, respiratory, bladder and gastrointestinal functions. There is increasing evidence that neurochemically defined neuronal groups of the brainstem are selectively affected in MSA to a much greater degree than in Parkinson's disease. These include the catecholaminergic neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (C1 group) which project to the intermediolateral cell column and are involved in modulation of sympathetic vasomotor outflow, and noradrenergic neurons of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (A1 group) projecting to the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus and regulating vasopressin (AVP) release. Loss of these groups of neurons may, at least in part, explain the development of orthostatic hypotension, baroreflex dysfunction, and impaired reflex AVP release in response to hypotension. There is preliminary evidence that cardiovagal neurons of the ventrolateral portion of the nucleus ambiguus, distinct from the branchimotor neurons of the compact region, may also be affected in MSA. Loss of cholinergic neurons in the medullary arcuate nucleus, considered by some to be the homologous to the central chemosensitive region of the ventral medullary surface, may contribute to disturbances in automatic ventilation, particularly during sleep, in patients with MSA.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1993

New findings on tardive dyskinesia in a community sample.

In a geographically defined area sample of 141 long-term psychiatric patients in day care in south London, the relationship between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other aspects of illness, treatment, and social and psychological functioning were studied. The results are compared with previous findings. TD was significantly associated with parkinsonian symptoms and with the number of years in contact with the psychiatric services. There was a trend, in affective disorder only, towards an association with current neuroleptic dose. The patients with affective disorder also had higher rates of TD than patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis. History of treatment with ECT correlated negatively with TD among those with schizophrenia, and positively among those with affective disorder. As in other studies, duration of neuroleptic treatment did not correlate with the presence or absence of TD. In contrast to some previous reports, age and cognitive status were not related to TD status. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Aged↗