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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Activation of pineal acetyl coenzyme A hydrolase by disulfide peptides.

Incubation of pineal acetyl-CoA hydrolase preparations with disulfide peptides activates the enzyme. Activation of somatostatin, the most potent peptide tested, is enhanced at higher pH, indicating that disulfide exchange is probably involved. This interpretation is supported by the observation that activation is reversed by dithiothreitol treatment. The order of potency is somatostatin = [Tyr1]somatostatin greater than or equal to Tyr-somatostatin greater than vasopressin = pressinoic acid = [Arg8]vasotocin greater than oxytocin. Insulin, insulin A, insulin B, and [Asu1,6, Arg8]vasopressin were ineffective. This order of potency is distinctly different from that for the inactivation of pineal N-acetyltransferase (Namboodiri, M. A. A., Favilla, J., and Klein, D. C. (1981) Science 213, 571-573) by these peptides. Examination of the primary structure of the peptides reveals that the above order of potency is consistent with the predictions of the nearest neighbor model as applied to the disulfide group.

Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase↗
PubMed1976

Alpha-Glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase of rabbit small intestine. Localization in the brush border and separation from other brush border peptidases.

About 70% of the total mucosal enzymatic activity hydrolyzing beta-L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide in the rabbit small intestine is present in the brush border; the specific activity in this subcellular fraction is 7 times higher than that of the homogenate. Similar results are obtained for L-leucyl beta-naphthylamide hydrolase. The enzyme activity is efficiently solubilized by papain digestion and is clearly separated from L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. It probably represents a digestive peptidase, different from the other known peptide hydrolases of the digestive surface of the small intestine.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1986

Localization and purification of two enzymes from Escherichia coli capable of hydrolyzing a signal peptide.

The signal peptide generated during the maturation of prolipoprotein by the purified prolipoprotein signal peptidase can be isolated in substrate amounts (Dev, I. K., and Ray, P. H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11114-11120). This signal peptide is degraded predominantly from the carboxyl terminus by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. The signal peptide is degraded (at least 300-fold) more rapidly than other cellular proteins in E. coli. Greater than 90% of the signal peptide hydrolase activity is localized in the cytoplasm. Two enzymes from the cytoplasmic fraction responsible for the degradation of the signal peptide have been identified and purified to near homogeneity. The major activity is associated with a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 68,000 (S.E. 3,400) as determined by gel filtration and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme appears to be similar to the oligopeptidase (Vimr, E. R., Green, L., and Miller, C. G. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 153, 1259-1265) that hydrolyzes N-acetyl tetra alanine. The second protein represents approximately 5% of the total cytoplasmic activity and has been shown to be a dimer with a monomer molecular weight of 81,000 (S.E. 5,300). This enzyme is similar to protease So (Chung, H. C., and Goldberg, A. L. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 154, 231-238).

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMed1984

Kinetic investigation of the hydrolysis of aminoacyl p-nitroanilides by dipeptidyl peptidase IV from human and pig kidney.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.5), an enzyme that participates in the catabolism of bradykinin and Substance P as well as the post-translational processing of various other peptides, has been purified from human and pig kidney. The assay reaction involved the cleavage of p-nitroaniline (pNA) from various dipeptidyl p-nitroanilides. The specific activities of the human and pig enzyme (with Gly-Pro-pNA at pH 7.6) were 49.2 and 45.8, respectively. The dependence of initial reaction velocity on substrate concentration was determined for a variety of dipeptidyl p-nitroanilides over the concentration range 0.05 to 2.0 mM. Most of the substrates tested produced significant non-hyperbolic behavior for the function v vs. S at concentrations above 0.5 mM. As to differences between the two enzymes, the pig enzyme exhibited featureless (i.e., hyperbolic) behavior with Glu-Pro-pNA concentrations as high as 2.0 mM, whereas the human enzyme produced significant non-hyperbolic behavior for the function v vs. S, beginning at S = 0.4 mM. Thus, the human and pig dipeptidyl peptidases IV are kinetically distinct enzyme forms.

Anilides↗
PubMed1987

Stepwise degradation of the hexapeptide Met-Ala-Ser-Pro-Phe-Ala by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.-) purified from pig kidney was proved to split off the N-terminal dipeptide Met1-Ala2 and, subsequently the dipeptide Ser3-Pro4 from the synthetic model peptide Met-Ala-Ser-Pro-Phe-Ala representing the N-terminal part of a signal sequence of leucocyte interferon. The kinetic parameters for the release of Met1-Ala2 (Km 3.2.10(-5) mol.l-1 and Ser3-Pro4 (Km 1.65.10(-4) mol.l-1, kcat57.9 s-1) were determined. The dipeptides Ser-Pro and Phe-Ala were found to be competitive inhibitors of the hydrolysis of Gly-Pro-NHNp by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The catalytic domain of Escherichia coli Lon protease has a unique fold and a Ser-Lys dyad in the active site.

ATP-dependent Lon protease degrades specific short-lived regulatory proteins as well as defective and abnormal proteins in the cell. The crystal structure of the proteolytic domain (P domain) of the Escherichia coli Lon has been solved by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion and refined at 1.75-A resolution. The P domain was obtained by chymotrypsin digestion of the full-length, proteolytically inactive Lon mutant (S679A) or by expression of a recombinant construct encoding only this domain. The P domain has a unique fold and assembles into hexameric rings that likely mimic the oligomerization state of the holoenzyme. The hexamer is dome-shaped, with the six N termini oriented toward the narrower ring surface, which is thus identified as the interface with the ATPase domain in full-length Lon. The catalytic sites lie in a shallow concavity on the wider distal surface of the hexameric ring and are connected to the proximal surface by a narrow axial channel with a diameter of approximately 18 A. Within the active site, the proximity of Lys(722) to the side chain of the mutated Ala(679) and the absence of other potential catalytic side chains establish that Lon employs a Ser(679)-Lys(722) dyad for catalysis. Alignment of the P domain catalytic pocket with those of several Ser-Lys dyad peptide hydrolases provides a model of substrate binding, suggesting that polypeptides are oriented in the Lon active site to allow nucleophilic attack by the serine hydroxyl on the si-face of the peptide bond.

ATP-Dependent Proteases↗
PubMed1976

Purification and specificity of prolyl dipeptidase from bovine kidney.

Prolyl dipeptidase (iminodipeptidase, L-prolyl-amino acid hydrolase, EC 3.4.13.8) was purified 180-fold from bovine kidney. The enzyme which was obtained in a 10% yield was completely separated from a number of known kidney peptidases including an enzyme of very similar substrate specificity, proline aminopeptidase (L-prolyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.11.5). The specific activity of the enzyme with L-prolylglycine as substrate is 1600 units of activity per mg protein. Optimum activity of the enzyme is at pH 8.75 and the molecular weight on gel filtration was estimated to be 100 000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is pH 4.25. Studies of substrate specificity showed that the enzyme preferentially hydrolyzes dipeptides and dipeptidyl amides with L-proline or hydroxy-L-proline at the N-terminus. Longer chain substrates with N-terminal proline were not hydrolyzed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Receptor binding of guinea pig and pig vasoactive intestinal peptides by rat lung.

Guinea pig vasoactive intestinal peptide (gpVIP) differs from other mammalian VIPs in four of its 28 amino acid residues. In the present study, the gpVIP displaced 125I-labelled pig VIP (pVIP) binding by rat lung membranes with 7.7-fold lower potency than pVIP. Degradation of gpVIP by rat lung membranes, assessed by radioimmunoassay and h.p.l.c., was 1.9-fold greater than that of pVIP. This difference in degradation of the two peptides was not large enough to account for the lower receptor-binding potency of gpVIP. The amino acid residues that distinguish pVIP from gpVIP are likely to contribute to the interaction of VIP with receptors and peptide hydrolases in lung membranes.

Animals↗