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PubMed1976

Karyotype, marker formation, and oncogenicity in mouse plasmacytomas.

Two common chromosome markers in the 2 plasmacytomas previously examined by Giemsa banding were consistently present in the mouse plasmacytoma X-5563, a transplantable hypertetraploid tumor of spontaneous origin in C3H mice. The 2 markers were found in both induced and spontaneous tumors and in either BALB/c or C3H mice. The derived cell line had 17 fewer chromosomes than the X-5563 tumor and was oncogenic, and its modal karyotype was identical to that of the tumor transmitted by the inoculation of the cell line. The homogeneity of a slight karyotypic modification in a second tumor suggested a possible clonal origin of that tumor. The high frequency of centric fusions between homologues and the structure of certain markers suggests that homologue association may precede marker formation. We proposed a second mechanism of marker formation, selective regional elongation, to account for the larger number of markers with proximal or distal elongations without evidence of translocation and for the observed alterations in length and banding pattern of markers after growth in vitro. Comparison of MOPC-21, MOPC-315, and X-5563 tumors showed preferential involvement of certain chromosomes in marker formation, an inferred association of the 2 common markers with an early stage in the origin of the 3 plasmacytomas, and consistent loss of an X chromosome. Loss of oncogenicity in cell lines was associated with a number of karyotypic changes, but did not require the loss of the characteristic markers or additional copies of a specific normal chromosome.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Extramedullary facial plasmacytomas with anaplastic features: a diagnostic dilemma with implications for treatment.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are rare plasma-cell tumors of the soft tissue that occur predominantly in the nasal sinuses and oropharynx. Subcutaneous and cutaneous plasmacytomas of the face are distinctly unusual. The authors report a case of rapidly expanding EMP involving the lip and contralateral nasolabial fold of a native Alaskan man with a 25-year history of recurring solitary bone plasmacytomas (SBP). An incisional biopsy revealed sheets of monotypic plasmablasts with anaplastic features. The pathologic and clinical findings were most consistent with a Richter transformation from a low-grade to a high-grade malignancy, or anaplastic myeloma (AM). With combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, he achieved a complete response. The clinical and laboratory features of this most unusual plasma-cell dyscrasia are reviewed with an emphasis placed on diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Plasmacytoma of the hard palate.

Multiple myeloma is a systemic malignant disease and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells involved in the production and secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins). It is generally a disseminated disease involving many bones. Systemic symptoms include bone pain, pathologic fracture, renal failure, hypercalcemia, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. This condition may occur as a solitary lesion (solitary plasmacytoma), which in some patients eventually progresses to plasma cell myeloma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma is defined as neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the soft tissue. It usually occurs in the upper respiratory tract, such as the nasal cavity or posterior oropharynx. The authors present a rare plasmacytoma case with maxilla involvement.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1987

Biliary obstruction secondary to an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pancreas: confusion with pancreatitis on computed tomography.

A 29-year-old woman with a history of a maxillary plasmacytoma treated with radiation therapy presented with painless jaundice. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed biliary dilatation and diffuse pancreatic enlargement suggestive of pancreatitis. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography demonstrated encasement of the distal common bile duct by an extrinsic mass. At exploratory laparotomy, a large mass replacing the entire pancreas was found. Pathologic examination confirmed plasmacytoma. This report presents a unique case of extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the pancreas early in a patient's clinical course. The CT appearance was similar to that of acute pancreatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Solitary intracranial extra-osseous plasmacytoma presenting with ophthalmic signs.

Solitary plasmacytomas rarely develop in the skull, meninges, or brain. Ophthalmic signs as the initial manifestations of solitary intracranial plasmacytoma have rarely been described. We report the neuro-ophthalmologic, imaging, and pathologic findings for two patients. One patient presented with optic neuropathy, the second with bilateral sixth nerve palsies. Plasmacytoma is a treatable intracranial tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with optic neuropathy or sixth nerve palsy.

Abducens Nerve Diseases↗

PubMed2004

Primary pancreatic plasmacytoma.

We report an extremely rare case of primary pancreatic plasmacytoma. A 56-year-old man had a 4-cm mass in the pancreatic tail and received distal pancreatectomy. This mass mainly consisted of plasma cells, but we failed to demonstrate their monoclonality in spite of the immunohistological staining. One and a half years later, this patient's right inguinal node swelled, and this node also showed a dense plasma cell infiltration. A very precise immunohistological staining was performed for this lymph node and the previous pancreatic mass, and both were diffusely positive for kappa light chain, IgG, and CD38. In the absence of myeloma elsewhere, we thus reached the correct diagnosis of primary pancreatic plasmacytoma, which later metastasized to lymph nodes. In the presence of the plasma cell proliferation in a pancreatic mass, plasmacytoma should be taken into consideration, and a more careful immunohistological staining is definitely necessary.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1993

Extramedullary plasmacytoma: cytological and genotypic studies.

A 62-year-old woman had multiple plasmacytomas in the skin and lymph nodes, without Bence-Jones protein or a monoclonal peak of serum immunoglobulins. Infiltrating plasmacytoid cells expressed cytoplasmic IgG (lambda) and surface CD38, without any B-cell markers. There was no visceral or bone marrow involvement suggestive of multiple myeloma. Southern blot analysis of extracted DNA from the cutaneous lesions showed two rearranged bands with an immunoglobulin, but not a T-cell receptor, gene probe. The patient showed a poor response to chemotherapy, and died of bronchopneumonia. The clinical course and cytological features differentiate multiple cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytomas from solitary cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytoma and cutaneous lesions associated with multiple myeloma.

Female↗

PubMed2006

Case of multiple myeloma associated with extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum.

A variety of cutaneous manifestations has been described in multiple myeloma including extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytomas, cutaneous amyloidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, scleromyxedema, Sweet's syndrome, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, scleredema, and plane xanthomas etc. An 89-year-old Korean man, who had been suffering from multiple myeloma 1 year previous, presented for evaluation of two nodules on the right side of the forehead, left side of the chest (7th rib area), and multiple ulcers with papulopustules on both the thigh and the left side of the chest (2nd rib area) during 15 days, which developed at the same time. A biopsy of a lesion which manifested as a cutaneous nodule on the right side of the forehead revealed dermal infiltration by well-differentiated plasma cells, similar to those found on a bone marrow biopsy, and a biopsy of the lesion manifested as a painful ulceration on the right thigh area showing dermal neutrophilic infiltration. Histologic findings were consistent with plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum, respectively. We present a case of multiple myeloma which developed extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma and pyoderma gangrenosum simultaneously, which is very rare. The patient was treated with a systemic steroid and conservative therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of submaxillary lymph node.

A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma originating in the left submaxillary lymph node in a 63-year-old man was reported. The diagnosis of plasmacytoma was made on the basis of a monoclonal proliferation of IgG, K type of plasma cells by means of immune antibody staining. About 70% of extramedullary plasmacytoma cases have been reported to have a primary lesion in the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity with cervical lymph node metastases in 8-30%. The present case was considered to be of submaxillary lymph node origin in view of failure of various examinations to detect lesions in the oral cavity and the upper part of the respiratory tract.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid: a case report and comparative literature study between Western nations and Japan.

A 52 year old man presented with primary thyroid plasmacytoma. The patient was initially followed up for thyroid dysfunction. The histological examination of the removed thyroid revealed a proliferation of mature and immature plasma cells indicative of plasmacytoma with Hashimoto's disease. After radiotherapy (40 Gy) to the neck following right hemi-thyroidectomy, the patient is currently alive and well 3 years after diagnosis without any evidence of tumor. The immunohistological examination of the removed thyroid showed monoclonality for immunoglobulin G-Kappa light chains. Sixty-six literature cases of primary thyroid plasmacytoma were reviewed and comparison of the clinical and histological characteristics between Japanese and Western cases noted. The incidence of the patients with antithyroid antibody was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in Western patients (42.9%) than in Japanese patients (87.5%). The higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction and Hashimoto's disease in Japan in comparison with Western nations was well reflected in the incidence of antithyroid antibody.

Autoantibodies↗

PubMed1973

Rapid viral induction of plasmacytomas in pristane-primed BALB-c mice.

Strain BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 milliliter of pristane, and 39 to 56 days later they were infected with Abelson murine leukemia virus, which is a lymphosarcomagenic variant of Moloney virus. Fifty-eight percent of the mice developed lymphosarcoma, and 28 percent developed immunoglobulin-producing plasmacytomas within 20 to 93 days (77 to 149 days after the pristane injection). Two of 57 control mice developed plasmacytomas at days 138 and 166 after a single injection of pristane; no plasmacytomas were found in mice treated with virus alone.

Alkanes↗

PubMed1986

A macrophage-derived factor required by plasmacytomas for survival and proliferation in vitro.

Plasmacytoma (PCT) cell lines dependent for proliferation and survival on a factor elaborated by the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, were established in vitro. Adherent peritoneal cells induced by pristane produced 50-fold greater amounts of this activity in vitro than did resident cells. The molecules responsible for plasmacytoma growth were distinct from a number of characterized factors including interleukin-1, -2, and -3, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, B-cell stimulatory factor-1, B-cell growth factor II, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and gamma- and beta-interferon, none of which were able to support the growth of the factor-dependent PCT cell lines. These results suggest that PCT growth factor may be a novel factor that has not been previously characterized and, further, that its production is associated with the pristane-induced, chronic peritoneal inflammatory response that precedes plasmacytoma formation.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mouse plasmacytoma cells. I. Inhibition of cellular protein synthesis.

Mouse plasmacytoma ascites tumor cells (MOPC 460) were efficiently infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. Inhibition of host protein synthesis was evident after 2 h and complete by 4 h postinfection. The mechanism by which virus infection results in inhibition of host cell protein synthesis was studied in vitro. Cell-free protein-synthesizing systems, prepared from uninfected and infected cells, were found to be equally active with respect to their abilities to translate cellular and viral mRNAs. The plasmacytoma cell-free system was also shown to be insensitive to the addition of double-stranded viral RNA. Host cellular mRNA was isolated from uninfected and infected cells. No difference in the amount or size distribution of the mRNA was detected. However, the mRNA from infected cells was translated only 46 to 49% as actively as that from uninfected cells. mRNA isolated from cells in which initiation of protein synthesis was inhibited with pactamycin was similarly inactivated. Simultaneous addition of viral RNA and cellular mRNA to the plasmacytoma cell-free system resulted in a complete suppression of the translation of the cellular message, whereas viral RNA was translated normally.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1982

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the palpebral conjunctiva.

A 63-year-old man had a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the conjunctiva for several years with no history of ocular inflammation or systemic abnormalities. Immunoperoxidase staining was consistent with a neoplastic lesion. This is the only well documented such case in the recent literature to the best of our knowledge. This rare condition is contrasted with reactive plasma cell granuloma, a benign inflammatory condition, which comprises most of the cases previously reported as plasmacytomas. Since extraskeletal plasmacytomas may be the first manifestation of multiple myeloma, these patients deserve appropriate diagnostic evaluation and close follow-up.

Conjunctival Neoplasms↗

PubMed1968

Plasmacytoma of the thyroid.

Three cases of plasmacytoma of the thyroid are described and their clinical and histological features recorded. Two were considered to be true extramedullary plasmacytomas, the third the initial manifestation of a disseminated myelomatous process. Plasmacytomas of the thyroid are shown to have many features in common with malignant lymphomas in this site, including an association with Hashimoto thyroiditis in more than half the reported cases. No certain method of assessing the prognosis in any individual case has yet been described.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Different guises of plasmacytoma--from skin to bone.

A case is reported of a patient with plasmacytoma which assumed different clinicopathological features over seven years. The tumour first presented as a subcutaneous mass which was misdiagnosed as anaplastic carcinoma. Complete response to radiotherapy ensued but recurrence took the form of an intracerebral tumour. Further complete response to "palliative" corticosteroids was followed by osseous lesions three years later, when the diagnosis of plasmacytoma was confirmed. This report illustrates the highly variable clinicopathological presentations of plasmacytoma, including the rare primary cutaneous manifestation.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1993

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone--a rare disorder with an unusual evolution.

A 40 year old woman presented with a spinal epidural tumour, which on histology was shown to be a plasmacytoma. At that time she had no evidence of multiple myeloma. Ten months later, she developed a second isolated plasmacytoma in the spleen, for which she underwent splenectomy. Two years after her initial presentation she had another recurrence in the liver, followed by a full-blown picture of multiple myeloma. The myeloma was progressive and resistant to all forms of chemotherapy. She finally died of a massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The clinical features, natural evolution and management of solitary plasmacytomas are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck is an uncommon plasma-cell neoplasm that arises most frequently from the soft tissues of the upper airways. Ten patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck received primary external beam megavoltage radiotherapy with doses between 4,000 rad (40 Gy)/29 days and 6,075 rad (60.75 Gy)/42 days. In eight patients the disease was locally controlled, although distant spread of the disease subsequently developed in four of them. Observations of the patients' medical histories, their response to treatment, and patterns of relapse suggest that extramedullary plasmacytoma is a separate clinicopathologic entity from other plasma-cell tumors and is appropriately managed by local irradiation.

Adult↗