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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Prevention of urinary catheter incrustations by acetohydroxamic acid.

Acetohydroxamic acid was administered in 5 patients to determine its effect in reducing urinary catheter incrustations. All patients had chronic indwelling catheters that required frequent changes because of severe incrustations and catheter occlusion. Incrustations were analyzed chemically for calcium, magnesium, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. The degree of incrustation before and during acetohydroxamic acid therapy was compared in each patient and was decreased significantly (average 81 per cent) during therapy (p less than 0.05). Catheter changes were required less frequently during therapy in all patients. Acetohydroxamic acid is effective in preventing catheter incrustations and should be considered in patients with this problem.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1980

[Epidemiological studies of increasing appearances of Proteus inconstans (Providencia stuartii) infections (author's transl)].

Since proteus inconstans turns out to be the causative agent of an increasing amount of hospital infections, studies on this species are necessary. By means of bacteriocines, biochemical reactions and antibiograms 53 strains were subclassified. 47 strains displayed same biochemical properties, 44 strains showed the same antibiogram. By the method on the basis of bacteriocine typing 15 groups were established. The strains with the same biochemical properties and the same antibiograms could be further subclassified. The distribution of the different bacteriocine groups showed that the infections were not due to a single strain. In contrast there were some indices for cross-infections on some stations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease triggered by Proteus urinary tract infection.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and disabling polyarthritic disease, which affects mainly women in middle and old age. Extensive evidence based on the results of various microbial, immunological and molecular studies from different parts of the world, shows that a strong link exists between Proteus mirabilis microbes and RA. We propose that sub-clinical Proteus urinary tract infections are the main triggering factors and that the presence of molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity between these bacteria and RA-targeted tissue antigens assists in the perpetuation of the disease process through production of cytopathic auto-antibodies. Patients with RA especially during the early stages of the disease could benefit from Proteus anti-bacterial measures involving the use of antibiotics, vegetarian diets and high intake of water and fruit juices such as cranberry juice in addition to the currently employed treatments.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1964

THE ROLE OF IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RETROGRADE PYELONEPHRITIS.

Retrograde pyelonephritis was produced in rats by the intravesical injection of Proteus mirabilis. When animals were preimmunized against Proteus mirabilis by (a) prior infection, (b) administration of antigen, or (c) passively transferred antiserum, they were resistant to infection by proteus when challenged by the retrograde route. The protective effect of specific preimmunization in retrograde pyelonephritis indicates that a major site of action is retardation of bacterial growth within the parenchyma of the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae are produced by most Proteus mirabilis strains infecting the urinary tract, dictate the in vivo localization of bacteria, and contribute to biofilm formation.

Proteus mirabilis, an etiologic agent of complicated urinary tract infections, expresses mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae whose expression is phase variable. Here we examine the role of these fimbriae in biofilm formation and colonization of the urinary tract. The majority of wild-type P. mirabilis cells in transurethrally infected mice produced MR/P fimbriae. Mutants that were phase-locked for either constitutive expression (MR/P ON) or the inability to express MR/P fimbriae (MR/P OFF) were phenotypically distinct and swarmed at different rates. The number of P. mirabilis cells adhering to bladder tissue did not appear to be affected by MR/P fimbriation. However, the pattern of adherence to the bladder surface was strikingly different. MR/P OFF colonized the lamina propria underlying exfoliated uroepithelium, while MR/P ON colonized the luminal surfaces of bladder umbrella cells and not the exfoliated regions. Wild-type P. mirabilis was usually found colonizing intact uroepithelium, but it occasionally adhered to exfoliated areas. MR/P ON formed significantly more biofilm than either P. mirabilis HI4320 (P = 0.03) or MR/P OFF (P = 0.05). MR/P OFF was able to form a biofilm similar to that of the wild type. MR/P ON formed a three-dimensional biofilm structure as early as 18 h after the initiation of the biofilm, while MR/P OFF and the wild type did not. After 7 days, however, P. mirabilis HI4320 formed a 65-mum-thick biofilm, while the thickest MR/P ON and MR/P OFF biofilms were only 12 mum thick. We concluded that MR/P fimbriae are expressed by most P. mirabilis cells infecting the urinary tract, dictate the localization of bacteria in the bladder, and contribute to biofilm formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Proteus vulgaris urinary tract infections in rats; treatment with nitrofuran derivatives.

Ascending urinary tract infections with stone formation have been produced experimentally in rats, using a modification of the method of Vermuelen & Goetz (1954a, b). A zinc disc infected with a culture of Proteus vulgaris was inserted into the bladder by suprapubic cystotomy under ether anaesthesia. The pH of the urine rises from 6.9 to 8 or 9 and calculi develop in the bladder within a few days of infection. The bladder and ureters become swollen, distended and inflamed, and renal abscesses develop. Death from renal failure generally occurs within 10 days of infection. Oral treatment with nitrofurantoin was commenced three days after infection and continued for one month. This arrested the initial rise in urine alkalinity and stone formation, and few, if any, macroscopic lesions were found at post-mortem examination. Of nine nitrofuran derivatives examined for activity against this infection several showed slight activity, but only one, N-(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)-gamma-butyric acid, was as active as nitrofurantoin when given at four times the dose, but it was also one-third as toxic. It is concluded that this technique is suitable for the examination of potential urinary antiseptics.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Alternate pathway activation of complement in a Proteus mirabilis ulceration of the cornea.

A 63-year-old patient had an extensive infiltration, ulceration, and eventual perforation of the cornea caused by Proteus mirabilis. Histopathological examination of corneal tissue that was obtained at keratoplasty disclosed that the stroma was ulcerated with a diffuse infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Immunopathological examination of the cornea revealed prominent and diffuse staining for properdin and C3 complement. There was an absence of staining for IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and C4 complement. These findings suggest that the alternate pathway of complement was activated in this ulcerated cornea and that immunopathological phenomena contribute to the polymorphonuclear infiltration found with Gram-negative ulcerations of the human cornea.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1996

Uptake pathways of clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis into human epithelial cell lines.

Proteus mirabilis isolates obtained from urine and faeces showed high invasion levels into several human epithelial cell lines in gentamicin assays. Invasion efficiencies of isolate 102 from a monkey with diarrhoea equalled or even exceeded those of Salmonella typhi strain Ty2 (6.3 to 13.8% of the inoculum). Vegetative, non-swarming P.mirabilis invaded epithelial cells efficiently and were found in endosomes and free in the cytoplasm. Although inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not reduce bacterial uptake, inhibition with bacteriostatic antibiotics of bacterial protein-, RNA-, or DNA-synthesis reduced invasion drastically. Involvement of eukaryotic structures and processes in internalization was determined by using various inhibitors in the invasion assay. Uptake of P.mirabilis isolated from urine into gut (INT 407, HCT-8) cells and bladder (T24) cells was dramatically inhibited only by microfilament depolymerization. Internalization of faecal isolate 102 into gut or bladder epithelial cells was inhibited by depolymerization of microfilaments or microtubules. Engulfment of isolate 102 into T24 bladder cells was also reduced by inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interference with endosome acidification decreased the number of intracellular bacteria of isolate 102 in all three cell lines. These results suggest that P.mirabilis isolates from different sources are internalized by epithelial cells by different eukaryotic processes, and that these processes can vary between cell lines.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1989

Rheumatoid arthritis and Proteus: a possible aetiological association.

The presence of specific anti-Proteus antibodies in active, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, has been demonstrated by four different techniques: indirect bacterial agglutination, ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, anti-HLA-DR4 tissue typing sera have been shown to bind to Proteus microorganisms, thereby suggesting some molecular similarity or cross-reactivity between bacteria and HLA antigens. The concept is proposed that Proteus-reactive arthritis occurs during active phases of RA and tissue damage is mediated through immunological activity involving HLA antigens.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Recurrent meningitis: a case report.

A 25-month-old girl is described who experienced three successive attacks of purulent meningitis due to Proteus mirabilis. Third generation cephalosporins were employed as treatment. Cranial radiography and computed tomography revealed a malformation, in the form of an epidermoid cyst, in a central occipital position; small cerebellar abscesses were also present. The lesion was removed by surgery which led to a complete recovery.

Brain Abscess↗