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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Resistance of temperate Chinese elms (Ulmus spp.) to feeding by the adult elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Newly acquired Ulmus species from the temperate regions of China growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for feeding preference and suitability for larvae and adults of the elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola (Müller). Larval and adult no-choice and adult multiple-choice feeding studies revealed that U changii, U. lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis were the least suitable for feeding and reproduction by the elm leaf beetle. Ulmus wallichiana and the highly preferred U pumila were more suitable for feeding and reproduction. Suitability had no significant effect on male and female longevity. The least suitable species of U. changii, U. lanceaefolia, U. prunifolia, U. pseudopropinqua, and U. taihangshanensis show promise for future elm breeding programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Laboratory evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against Aedes aegypti larvae in the northeast region of Thailand.

Laboratory bioassays using a preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 (Bt.H-14), namely Skeetal were conducted to determine their effectiveness against late 3rd/early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The larvae were collected from municipal areas in 7 provinces, namely Burirum, Roi-Et, Khon Kaen, Ubol Ratchatani, Nakorn Phanom, Surin and Nakorn Ratchasima, in the Northeast of Thailand. It was found that for Skeetal, LC50 ranged from 128 to 151 nl/l (average 143) and LC90 ranged from 254 to 289 nl/l (average 275). The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti larvae in the 7 provinces did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) at a concentration of 300 nl/l. The result of the bioassays show that the preparation of Bt.H-14 is very effective against Ae. aegypti larvae in Northeast of Thailand and the mosquito larvae in the various areas were nearly equal in susceptibility to Bt.H-14.

Aedes↗
PubMed1987

Studies on bioassay of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum in mosquitoes.

Larvae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. vexans and Culiseta inornata were used to study the pathogenicity of the hyphomycete fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum. Experiments consisted of continuous exposure of second-instar larvae to 5 concentrations of conidia at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C. The 3 test species were susceptible at all temperatures tested. There was generally a direct relationship between dosage and pathogenicity in the host population, however linear relationships between probit mortality at 10 days and log dosage occurred in only 11 of 37 assays performed. In these 11 assays, median lethal concentrations were in the order of 10(4)-10(5) conidia/ml. Median lethal times were between 3 and 14 days. It was concluded that the present bioassay method for T. cylindrosporum is inadequate and needs major improvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of Helisoma duryi on the survival, growth, and cercarial production of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata.

Biological control of the intermediate hosts of S. mansoni and S. haematobium by means of a competitor snail,Helisoma duryi, has been suggested. In the present laboratory study, information was obtained concerning the interspecific competition between H. duryi and B. glabrata. The results indicated that the growth rate, mortality rate, and cercarial production of S. mansoni-infected B. glabrata were highly influenced by H. duryi. These observations agree with results obtained in earlier experiments concerning the interspecific competition between H. duryi and S. mansoni-infected B. pfeifferi. The exact characteristics of the influencing factor have not yet been determined, but the observations indicated that H. duryi could possibly be used as a biological control agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Biocontrol from a mosquito control director's point of view.

Two principal mosquito breeding problems that occur in Florida are discussed from the standpoint of a manager of a mosquito abatement district: 1) mosquitoes that breed in standing or permanent water, and 2) mosquitoes that breed in temporary habitats such as floodwater pools. The efficacies of several different types of biological control agents are discussed for each type of problem. Fish are used in permanent water sites, and several other organisms are being evaluated. No programs are based exclusively on biological control agents. Biological control is generally not used in temporary sites. Relative costs of chemical and biological control are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Aphid parasitoid complex in potato in the context of IPM in Belgium.

Parasitic hymenoptera of potato aphids were collected and identified in 2000 and 2001 in 11 potato fields in Belgium. Nine Aphidiidae species, parasiting seven aphid species, were found: Aphidius ervi, Aphidius matricariae, Aphidius picipes, Binodoxys angelicae, Diaeretiella rapae, Praon abjectum, Praon gallicium, Praon volucre and Toxares deltiger. A. ervi and A. picipes were the dominant and sub-dominant species, with 54% and 28% of the primary parasite collected, respectively. Both species and T. deltiger were found on Aphis nasturti, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae, the four most important aphid potato in Belgium. Parasitism rate of A. nasturtii and, to a lesser extent, M. euphorbiae was low compared to A. solani and M. persicae. Parasitism of A. solani was particularly high, with 63.5% in 2000 and 89.2% in 2001, and this species was the preferred host of several Aphidiid species. The abundance of alternative hosts as other crops pest aphids or non-pest aphids on wild plants in agroecosystems could explains the efficacy of these species. The biological control of A. nasturtii and M. euphorbiae by parasitic hymenoptera was poorer, and several studies need to be undertaken to find suitable parasitic hymenoptera species effective on these aphids and agro-environmental measures able to promote them.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Entomopathogenic nematodes were screened for efficacy against the cottonwood borer, Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius). Steinernema feltiae SN and S. carpocapsae All killed 58 and 50% of larvae, respectively, in filter paper bioassays but less than 10% in diet cup bioassays. S. glaseri NJ, S. riobrave TX, and H. indica MG-13 killed less than 10% of larvae in both assays. H. marelata IN was ineffective in the diet cup bioassay and killed 12.9% of larvae in a filter paper bioassay. The nematode isolates we tested are not suitable for use as biological control agents against P. scalator.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on pest biology: weeds.

Over 125 permanent full-time scientists conduct research within the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) on issues related to weeds. The research emphasis of most of these scientists involves ecology and management or biological control of weeds. Many scientists perform research on weed biology as components of their primary projects on weed control and integrated crop and soil management. Describing all ARS projects involved with weed biology is impossible, and consequently only research that falls within the following arbitrarily chosen topics is highlighted in this article: dormancy mechanisms; cell division; diversity of rangeland weeds; soil resources and rangeland weeds; poisonous rangeland plants; horticultural weeds; weed traits limiting chemical control; aquatic and semi-aquatic weeds; weed/transgenic wheat hybrids; seedbanks, seedling emergence and seedling populations; and weed seed production. Within these topics, and others not highlighted, the desire of ARS is that good information on weed biology currently translates or eventually will translate into practical advice for those who must manage weeds.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2004

Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins against cocoa pod borer larvae.

Twelve Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were tested in bioassays on cacao plantations in Indonesia for activity against the larvae of cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)), an insect pest of the cacao tree. Through the damage caused by their feeding, the larvae of cocoa pod borer cause the pods of the cocoa tree to ripen prematurely. They are difficult to control with conventional measures. Preliminary assays identified five toxins that were more active than others. In two subsequent bioassays the activity of selected toxins was determined more accurately. Three Cryl proteins with relatively little homology were all found to be toxic, opening perspectives for controlling cocoa pod borer by expression of Cry proteins in transgenic plants.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.

Many agroecosystems are unfavorable environments for natural enemies due to high levels of disturbance. Habitat management, a form of conservation biological control, is an ecologically based approach aimed at favoring natural enemies and enhancing biological control in agricultural systems. The goal of habitat management is to create a suitable ecological infrastructure within the agricultural landscape to provide resources such as food for adult natural enemies, alternative prey or hosts, and shelter from adverse conditions. These resources must be integrated into the landscape in a way that is spatially and temporally favorable to natural enemies and practical for producers to implement. The rapidly expanding literature on habitat management is reviewed with attention to practices for favoring predators and parasitoids, implementation of habitat management, and the contributions of modeling and ecological theory to this developing area of conservation biological control. The potential to integrate the goals of habitat management for natural enemies and nature conservation is discussed.

Agriculture↗