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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

DnaSP version 3: an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis.

UNLABELLED: DnaSP is a Windows integrated software package for the analysis of the DNA polymorphism from nucleotide sequence data. DnaSP version 3 incorporates several methods for estimating the amount and pattern of DNA polymorphism and divergence, and for conducting neutrality tests. AVAILABILITY: For academic uses, DnaSP is available free of charge from: http://www.bio.ub.es/julio/DnaSP.html CONTACT: julio@porthos.bio.ub.es

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of random sextant biopsy outcome in screened men with PSA > 4 ng/mL and a negative sextant biopsy at previous screening. Experience in a population-based screening program in Florence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible pedictors of the outcome of repeat random sextant biopsy of the prostate prompted by a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Random biopsies performed for PSA elevation (>4 ng/mL) in the course of a randomized study of screening efficacy were reviewed, and 87 consecutive biopsies (carcinoma = 13, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia = 6, negative = 68) performed in subjects with a negative random biopsy at the previous screening round were considered. Findings at digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography and total PSA value were not useful predictors of repeat biopsy outcome, whereas PSA velocity was significantly associated with biopsy outcome. The positive predictive value for a cancer biopsy was 2.7% (1/36), 28.5% (2/7), and 22.7% (10/44) for PSA velocity values of <0.1, 0.1-0.19, and >0.19 ng/mL/yr, respectively. A cutoff of 0.1 ng/mL/yr for PSA velocity would have allowed to avoid approximately half (35/74 = 47.2%) of the benign biopsies while decreasing the sensitivity by 7.6% (1/13), and is thus suggested as a possible criterion for the indication of repeat random biopsy for persistent PSA elevation.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Smoking and ill health: does lay epidemiology explain the failure of smoking cessation programs among deprived populations?

The resistance of disadvantaged groups to anti-smoking advice is remarkable. In relation to the study of differing cultures, there is a long-standing academic tradition assuming that behavior that may otherwise be difficult to understand is indeed rational within particular cultural contexts. Persistent smoking among the most deprived members of society may represent a rational response to their life chances informed by a lay epidemiology. Health promotion initiatives designed to reduce smoking among members of these groups may continue to fail unless the general health and life chances of such individuals are first improved.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

[Preventing neural tube defects with periconceptional folic acid supplementation: a population-based intervention program in the China].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of periconceptional use of 400 microgram folic acid only on the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). METHOD: As part of a public health campaign in areas of high (North) and low (South) NTDs prevalence in the China during 1993 and 1995, 130 142 pill takers and 117 689 non-pill takers were recruited. Women were asked to begin taking a pill containing only 400 microgram of folic acid daily from the time of their premarital examination until the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. The outcomes of these pregnancies were ascertained through 1996. RESULTS: We identified 102 NTDs among offspring of pill takers and 173 NTDs among offspring of non-pill takers. The NTDs rate in offspring of non-pill takers was 4.8 per thousand (16/3 318) and 1.0 per thousand (28/28 625) in the south; while the rate in pill takers was 1.0 per thousand (13/13 012) in the north and 0.6 per thousand in the south. The greatest reduction in risk occurred among the fetuses or infants of a subgroup of women in the northern region with periconceptional use who took pills more than 80 percent of the time (reduction in risk, 85 percent as compared with the fetuses or infants of women who registered before their last menstrual period and who took no folic acid; 95 percent confidence interval, 62 to 94 percent). In the southern region the reduction in risk among the fetuses or infants of women with periconceptional use of folic acid was also significant (reduction in risk, 41 percent; 95% confidence interval, 3 to 64 percent). CONCLUSION: Periconceptional intake of supplements containing only 400 microgram folic acid can reduce the risk for NTDs in areas of high and low NTDs prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Control of the obese population. Educational intervention program].

The purpose of this article is to discover the age, sex and risk factor differences among a group of obese people who participate on a pedagogical program designed for weight loss and one which is not designed for weight loss and to establish the effectiveness of the aforementioned pedagogical program on those obese people who participate in that same program. To these ends, a non-controlled, prospective study was carried out in "L'Eixample" Primary Health Clinic in Lérida. From a group of 192 obese patients at a General Medicine clinic, 93 followed an individualized educational intervention program by means of scheduled nurse visits over a one year time period. This individualized educational program was based on: health information and records, nutritional education, physical exercise, motivation and help during follow-up sessions; all carried out under a scheduled nurse's control program. He overall effectiveness of this program has been 51.6%, or 48 patients; this program should be directed to the under 65 obese age group which do not have any risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The significance of social support in the maintenance of smoking abstinence in the population smoking cessation program].

UNLABELLED: According to I.G. Sarason social support is the help provided to the individual in difficult and stressful situations. In this study we have assumed that quitting smoking is a very stressful situation for the smokers. Therefore, they need social support from the others (family, friends, co-workers, health personnel). DATA SOURCES: 1. One-year follow up survey of a random sample (n=993) of the Quit & Win 2000 participants in Poland. The data collection method was obtained through mail questionnaire (response rate = 65.6%). 2. Results of the comparative data analysis of one-year follow up survey from 20 countries-organizers of the Quit & Win 2000. The aims of the study were to recognize: 1. impact of social support on the quitting smoking process from the decision to participate in the campaign till the maintenance of one-year abstinence, 2. lack of social support as the reason for relapse. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In Poland the Quit & Win 2000 participants achieved the highest continuous complete abstinence rate (43%, mean=26.3) and the lowest social support (no support 42%, mean= 25.9) out of 20 countries. Analysis of data suggested that the social support was the important factor for smokers in encouraging them to participate in the campaign and try to quit. There aren't statistical relationships between social support and one-year abstinence (p>0.05) as well as between lack of support and relapse (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The significance of social support in quitting smoking process needs the further exploration.

Female↗
PubMed2004

[Skin cancer screening program in the population of Bydgoszcz].

The results of prophylactic medical skin examinations in inhabitants of Bydgoszcz were estimated. A prophylactic skin examination in asymptomatic patients was performed, and the most suspicion lesions were selected to excision. 750 persons were examined (age 15-93 years). 133 persons were operated. 173 skin lesions were removed. 32 skin cancers (18.53%), 3 melanomas (1.73%) and 34 skin lesions (which are base for melanoma) were confirmed. Detected carcinomas and melanomas were in early state of development. Prophylactic medical skin examination enable the detection of skin neoplasms in early state of development. Percent of detected carcinomas and melanomas of skin justify continuation this kinds of screening.

Adolescent↗