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PubMed1993

IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors in canine polyarthritis.

IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) were detected by ELISA using a purified dog IgG as antigen in normal controls (N = 84), dogs with unclassified polyarthritis (N = 95), dogs with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (N = 22), dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (N = 35), dogs with leishmaniasis or heart worm disease (N = 20) and dogs with pyometra (N = 16). Frequency and titre of IgM and IgA RF are low and comparable (P < 0.05) in dogs with unclassified polyarthritis or RA: respectively 24.2% and 27.3% for IgM RF and 21.0% and 18.2% for IgA RF; the mean titre being respectively 0.781 +/- 0.581 and 0.649 +/- 0.365 for IgM RF, and 0.774 +/- 1.331 and 0.740 +/- 1.169 for IgA RF. The frequencies of IgM and IgA RF are a little higher in dogs with SLE (IgM RF: 37.1%, IgA RF: 25.7%) and higher in dogs with leishmaniasis or heart worm disease (45.0% and 30.0%), especially in dogs with pyometra (68.7% and 37.5%). So, although dogs can produce IgM and IgA RF, these auto-antibodies are uncommon in dogs with RA. Furthermore, when RF are present their titre is much lower than in human RA.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Screening for high fertility in high-producing dairy cows.

A retrospective study involving 2756 pregnancies from two commercial dairy herds in northeastern Spain determined relationships between management, production and reproductive data, and high fertility (conception before 90 days in milk) in high-producing dairy cows. High fertility was registered in 989 (35.9%) cows. The following data were recorded for each animal: herd, repeated animal (cows included two or more times within the study in which data were obtained from different lactational periods), parity (primiparous versus multiparous), previous twinning, reproductive disorders following calving (retained placenta, primary metritis) and at postpartum gynecological examination (incomplete uterine involution, pyometra and ovarian cysts), days in milk at conception, previous estrous synchronization and season of calving and conception. In order to evaluate the possible effect of high production during the peak milk yield on subsequent fertility, daily milk production at Day 50 postpartum was also recorded and cows were classified as high (> or = 50 kg) and low (< 50 kg) producers. Logistic regression analysis indicated no significant effects of herd, repeated animal, previous twinning, reproductive disorders such as primary metritis, incomplete uterine involution, pyometra and ovarian cysts, previous estrous synchronization and season of calving and insemination. Based on the odds ratio, the likelihood of high fertility increased in high-producer cows by a factor of 6.8. High fertility was less likely for multiparous cows (by a factor of 0.35) and for cows suffering placenta retention (by a factor of 0.65). High fertile cows produced a mean of 49.5 kg milk at Day 50 postpartum, in contrast to that 43.2 kg milk of the remainder cows. These findings question the negative effect of high production on fertility. Our results indicated that high individual cow milk production can be positively related to high fertility.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Primary in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium, with extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is exceedingly rare. It has been described in association with pyometra but its etiology is still unclear. CASE: The authors report the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with pelvic pain and pyometra. No gross tumor was identified in the uterus; however, extensive epidermalization of the endometrial mucosa was noted. Microscopic findings were consistent with a primary in situ squamous carcinoma of the endometrium associated with extensive squamous metaplasia and areas of dysplasia. HPV antigen and DNA detection were negative in both the endometrial lesions and the cervix. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the sequence of change with squamous metaplasia, progressing through dysplasia to carcinoma as a possible pathogenetic process. HPV's role, however, remains uncertain.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Effects of presynchronization during the preservice period on subsequent ovarian activity in lactating dairy cows.

Among the strategies aimed at overcoming difficulties in estrus detection in dairy herds, presynchronization with two PGF2alpha treatments 14 days apart before a timed AI protocol has been related to a significant increase in pregnancy rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of presynchronization during the preservice period on subsequent ovarian activity in clinically normal lactating dairy cows. A second objective was to evaluate the incidence of reproductive disorders on Day 50 postpartum. Depending on the chronological order of parturition, cows were alternately assigned to a control (n=102) or treatment (n=101) group. Animals in the treatment group were administered two cloprostenol treatments 14 days apart, beginning on Day 22 postpartum. The reproductive tract of each animal was examined ultrasonographically on Days 43 and 50 postpartum to monitor ovarian structures and uterine contents. Blood samples were collected on Day 50 for progesterone determination. Cows were inspected for signs of estrus between Days 50 and 71 postpartum and were then inseminated. Follicular persistence rates were similar in the presynchronized (14.9%) and control (13.7%) groups. Cows in the presynchronized group showed a lower metritis-pyometra rate (0% < 3.9%; P=0.045); a lower ovarian cyst rate (3% < 10.8%; P=0.03); a higher luteal activity rate (progesterone concentrations>/=1ng/ml) on Day 50 postpartum (76.2% > 52.9%; P=0.0005); a higher estrus detection rate (73.3% > 47.1%; P<0.0001); a higher ovulation rate (72% > 44%; P<0.0001) and a higher pregnancy rate (29.7% > 15.7%; P=0.02) than controls. Our results indicate that presynchronization during the preservice period reduces the incidence of ovarian cysts and metritis-pyometra determined on Day 50, and improves ovarian activity from Days 50 to 71 postpartum along with pregnancy rates in clinically normal lactating dairy cows.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Uterine horn torsion in two non-gravid bitches.

Uterine torsion secondary to sacculation of the uterine horns was diagnosed in two non-gravid bitches which were presented with anorexia, polydipsia and an acutely swollen abdomen. On the basis of the radiological and ultrasonographic findings, which indicated the presence of an enlarged spherical or tubular structure filled with hypoechoic material in the caudal abdomen, a tentative diagnosis of pyometra was made. Exploratory laparotomy revealed unilateral uterine horn torsion along the longitudinal axis, with bilateral fluid-filled sacculations. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in both cases. Pathological examination of the uteri demonstrated haematometra in one dog and pyometra in the other.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new carbapenem BO-2727 for use in obstetrics and gynecology.

The antibacterial activity of BO-2727 against 100 clinical isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae (20 strains), Escherichia coli (20 strains), Peptostreptococcus magnus (20 strains), Bacteroides fragilis (20 strains) and Prevotella bivia (20 strains) was compared with those of imipenem, panipenem, meropenem, biapenem and ceftazidime (CAZ). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 50% of tested strains (MIC50s) of BO-2727 against S. agalactiae, E. coli, P. magnus, B. fragilis and P. bivia were 0.05, 0.05, 0.1, 0.78 and 0.78 mg/l, respectively. MIC90s of BO-2727 against S. agalactiae, E. coli, P. magnus, B. fragilis and P. bivia were 0.05, 0.05, 0.1, 0.78 and 0.78 mg/l, respectively. The efficacy of BO-2727 was evaluated using a polymicrobial pyometra model (E. coli and B. fragilis) in rats. Both the inflammatory changes in the uterus, from the point of view of neutrophil accumulation, and the bacteriological response in the treated group were milder than those in either the nontreated group or the CAZ-treated group. These results indicate that BO-2727 may be useful for the treatment of polymicrobial infections in patients with pyometra.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Effects of extended feeding of decocainized erythroxylon coca leaves on growth and selected organs in rats and rabbits.

Erythroxylon coca leaves from the Trujillo area of Peru were extracted with methylene chloride to remove most cocaine-like alkaloids. The decocainized leaves were formulated in a honey-water vehicle and fed on a chronic basis to female rats for 32 weeks and female rabbits for 13 weeks. Rabbits fed decocainized leaves at doses of 21 or 210 mg demonstrated no significant change in growth (weight gain) when compared with those receiving vehicle. Histological findings were unremarkable except for fatty islands in the myocardium. Rats fed the decocainized leaves at doses of 1.5 and 15 mg demonstrated no significant changes in weight, whereas those receiving 150 mg had a significant decrease in weight gain when compared with control animals receiving vehicle. Necropsy findings in rats demonstrated pyometra in all groups receiving decocainized leaves as well as in some of the controls. Those rats with pyometra often exhibited endometrial metaplasia. Renal tubular calcification and proteinaceous material were consistently noted at all dose levels. Portal triaditis was also found in the livers of most rats.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2002

Characteristics of free-roaming cats evaluated in a trap-neuter-return program.

OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics of free-roaming cats evaluated in a trap-neuter-return program. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 5,323 free-roaming cats. PROCEDURE: Data collected included sex, maturity, pregnancy status, number of fetuses per pregnancy, cryptorchidism, and occurrence of complications or euthanasia. RESULTS: Adult cats represented 85% of the population, and 57% were female. Overall, 19% of adult females were pregnant, and mean litter size was 3.6 fetuses. Pregnancy rate peaked at 36 to 47% of all females evaluated in March and April and decreased to < or = 4% from October through January. Cryptorchidism was observed in 1.9% of the males; 0.4% of the adult females had pyometra. Only 1.9% of the cats were already neutered. Euthanasia and unexpected death rates were 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively. The most common severe problems encountered included pyometra, neoplasia, surgical complications, diaphragmatic hernia, debilitation, and chronic inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Neutering programs for free-roaming cats should include preparations to perform more spays than castrations. Typically, almost half of the female cats trapped during spring will be pregnant. Cryptorchidism is uncommon but is encountered on a consistent basis, so care should be taken to differentiate previous castration from retained testicles. Euthanasia of debilitated cats for humane reasons is rarely necessary, and unexpected deaths occur at a low rate. It is feasible and safe to neuter large numbers of free-roaming cats in large-scale clinics.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

[A case of tuberculous pyometrium concurrent with tuberculous pleurisy].

An 84-year-old woman began to have low fever below 38 degrees C with slight lassitude from June 19, 2002. Despite oral administration of Clarithromycin for 3 days, the fever did not subside and the lassitude increased, so she was admitted to our department. While inflammatory findings were noticed, the cause was not identified by blood and imaging examinations (thoracoabdominal CT, etc.). Although her tuberculin reaction was positive, symptoms indicative of pulmonary tuberculosis were absent. Administration of Cefotiam and Imipenem Cilastatin sodium was ineffective. Pyometra was diagnosed. After drainage, the uterine cavity was washed every day. On the basis of culture of fluid retained a few colonies of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated, but were not identified, Cefpirome was administered, whereupon the fever subsided gradually, but mild inflammatory findings remained. Even after discharge on July 24, the retention increased, so drainage and washing were done repeatedly. However, mild inflammatory findings persisted. She began to have a fever from September 17 and was readmitted. After admission, administration of Flomoxef sodium was started, but no improvement was seen. A small amount of hydrothorax appeared on the left. Thoracocentesis yielded a bloody, slightly turbid exudative. Acid-fast staining and Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific PCR of pleural effusion were negative, but adenosindeaminase was 87.4 U/l. Therefore, a diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy was made. DNA/PCR of tubercle bacilli in the fluid retained in the uterus was positive, and re-retention was prevented by administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. These findings suggest a strong possibility of tubercle bacillus having been the causative bacteria. Particularly in the case of the elderly, it appears important that pyometra be included in differential diagnosis as the cause of fever even without gynecological symptoms and that tubercle bacillus be considered the causative bacterium.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Establishment of assisted reproduction technologies in female and male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus).

Transrectal ultrasonography, electroejaculation and cryopreservation of spermatozoa were applied to the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) to establish non-invasive protocols for assessing the reproductive health of one of the most endangered African canids. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on immobilized male (n = 2) and female (n = 5) captive wild dogs. The testes and epididymides of the male dogs were imaged transcutaneously, followed by electrostimulation and cryopreservation of spermatozoa. The sonomorphology of the female and male urogenital tracts was characterized. In females, the vagina, cervix, non-pregnant uterus and ovary were imaged and the reproductive health of each female was evaluated. The sonographic assessment helped to identify one pyometra and extensive abdominal fat deposits in two other individuals in which pyometra had been suspected. Images of the adrenal glands showed differences in size among individuals of the same breeding group. Whether these differences were related to the dominance hierarchy remains to be determined. In males, visualization of the prostate gland, testis and epididymis indicated sexual maturity. Three ejaculatory fractions (1.0, 1.5 and 0.5 ml, with 50, 95 and 95% motility, respectively; 1.125 x 10(8) spermatozoa per ejaculate) were collected from one male. The motility of each of these fractions after thawing was 0, 30 and 40%, respectively. Electrostimulation of the second male, in which a cystic structure in a testis had been identified by sonography, resulted in an aspermic ejaculate (0.5 and 1.0 ml). These technologies provided basic data on reproduction in female and male African wild dogs and were an efficient way to evaluate reproductive health.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed2001

Oestrogen and progestagen treated ovariectomized bitches: a model for the study of uterine function.

The aim of this study was to validate a model in ovariectomized bitches for the study of uterine function. Mature bitches (n = 21) were ovariectomized and treated with oestradiol benzoate (0.6-4.8 micrograms kg-1, i.m. twice each day) and then with progestagen (megestrol acetate, 2 mg kg-1, p.o. once a day) and were necropsied at stages simulating pro-oestrus (n = 2), oestrus (n = 2) and dioestrus (n = 2). Other bitches received oestradiol benzoate and then megestrol acetate and were necropsied 3 weeks (midanoestrous group, n = 2) and 9 weeks (late anoestrous group, n = 2) after treatment. Untreated bitches (n = 1 per group) served as controls. The treatments induced oestrous behaviour, vulvar swelling, vulval discharge, vaginal smears, plasma oestradiol concentrations and uterine histology similar to that reported in intact bitches at each stage of the oestrous cycle. Marked endometrial degeneration and increased numbers of endometrial leucocytes were observed in the mid-anoestrous group. The endometrium was repaired in the late anoestrous group. A suture was placed in the lumen of the uterus of another six bitches at ovariectomy. Four of these bitches were treated with oestradiol benzoate and then megestrol acetate. Two bitches with a suture but not treated with hormones served as controls. In the hormone-treated bitches the suture resulted in cystic endometrial hyperplasia in two bitches and in cystic endometrial hyperplasia with pyometra in two bitches. The control bitches showed no cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra. We have established in the ovariectomized bitch a model simulating the normal oestrous cycle that will facilitate studies of uterine function. This model will be used to study further the mechanisms of the endometrial degeneration and the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Low grade uterine stromal sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma associated with an IUD: a report of 2 cases.

BACKGROUND: Although intrauterine device (IUD) usage has not been linked to uterine cancer and has even been considered protective against neoplasia, sporadic cases of IUD-associated uterine malignancies have been reported. CASES: One cystic low grade stromal sarcoma of the uterus occurred in a 7-year IUD user, and 1 invasive endometrial squamous cell carcinoma following 25 years of IUD retention occurred in another. The latter case was notable for extensive in situ squamous cell carcinoma involving the entire uterine cavity and extending to the ectocervix and into both fallopian tubes. In situ hybridization for high-risk HPV DNA was negative. These findings raise the possibility of a non-HPV-related pathway for the squamous cell carcinoma case due possibly to prolonged chronic irritation and pyometra. CONCLUSION: The association of low grade stromal sarcoma with the IUD in the first case is extremely rare and most likely coincidental. The squamous carcinoma case, however, may have arisen via a non-HPV-related pathway, possibly related to IUD-induced chronic irritation and pyometra.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Imipenem (MK-0787), a new carbapenem antibiotic, combined with cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), was studied clinically and microbiologically. The following results were obtained: Concentrations of MK-0787 in the plasma and internal genital tissues were measured at 1 hour after an intravenous drip infusion of MK-0787/MK-0791 (500 mg/500 mg) for 30 minutes. Mean plasma levels higher than 11.8 micrograms/ml and mean tissue levels higher than 2.3 micrograms/g were observed. When its MIC values are considered, MK-0787/MK-0791 appeared to be bactericidal against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except some Pseudomonas sp. and Enterococcus faecium. Clinical effects of the therapy with MK-0787/MK-0791 (500 mg/500 mg) using a drip infusion twice daily were evaluated in 3 patients with pyometra and 3 patients with Bartholin's gland abscess. Clinical responses were good in 5 of the 6 patients. One patient with pyometra due to E. coli didn't respond to the therapy. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings due to the drug were noted.

Abscess↗

PubMed1985

[Clinical experience with aztreonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Aztreoman (SQ 26,776, AZT), a synthetic monobactam antibiotic, was applied clinically in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. AZT was administered by intravenous drip infusion for 6 to 8 days at a daily dose of 2 g divided in 2 times to 5 cases. Klebsiella in 1 case with puerperal endometritis, Enterococcus, Propionibacterium and Bacteroides in each 1 case with pyometra was isolated. The clinical effect of Klebsiella was excellent. Bacteroides in 1 not-examined case was good. Enterococcus and Bacteroides with pyometra was not effective. Side effects were observed in 2 cases. One case with eclampsia arised LDH and A1-P in serum and 1 case with hepatitis arised GOT and GPT in serum.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a new developed antibiotic, was clinically studied. The following results were obtained. Total of 5 cases comprising 1 with endometritis, 3 with Bartholin's abscess, 1 with pyometra (due to corpus cancer) were treated with SBT/CPZ at a dose of 1 g twice daily for 4-5 days by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion. The clinical response was good in all cases. A case with pyometra did not respond to the therapy in bacteriologically. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings due to the drug were not noted.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Reproductive performance in dairy cows following postpartum treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin: a field trial.

Three hundred and five Holstein Friesian cows were given either 250 micrograms gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or saline on day 15 postpartum followed by 500 micrograms cloprostenol or saline on day 24 postpartum. Four treatment groups were formed using random allocation: Group I -- placebo (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group II -- GnRH (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group III -- placebo (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24), Group IV -- GnRH (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24). Double blind techniques were used during the follow-up period. Rectal palpation, to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed just prior to each treatment and again at 28 days postpartum. In addition blood samples were collected at 15, 24 and 28 days postpartum for measurement of plasma progesterone. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to services per conception, number of heats detected before first service and culling for infertility. Cows treated only with GnRH had an increased calving to first estrus and calving to first breeding interval, and tended to have an increased calving to conception interval. Treatment with cloprostenol significantly decreased calving to conception and calving to first observed estrus intervals. Treatment with GnRH on day 15 postpartum resulted in a significant increase in the subsequent incidence of pyometra and prebreeding anestrus. On the other hand, cloprostenol treatment on day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased incidence of pyometra, regardless of GnRH treatment and a decreased incidence of prebreeding anestrus in GnRH treated cows compared to cows receiving only GnRH at day 15 postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied. The following results were obtained. Serum and internal genital tissue levels of T-1982 were measured following intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion of 1 g. High serum levels of more than 10 micrograms/ml and tissue levels of more than 5 micrograms/g were maintained for 3 hours after intravenous administration. Favourable transfer of T-1982 into the pelvic dead space exudate was observed. The exudate level attained its peak at 2 hours and was 14.6 micrograms/ml on average even at 8 hours after intravenous infusion. With its MIC values, T-1982 was considered to be bactericidal against many Gram-negative bacteria except Pseudomonas sp. A total of 4 cases comprising 2 with pyometra, 1 with pelveoperitonitis and 1 with endometritis complicated with pelveoperitonitis was treated with T-1982 at a dose of 1-2 g twice daily by intravenous drip infusion. The clinical response was excellent in 1 case and good in 2 cases. A case with pyometra due to S. faecalis did not respond to the therapy. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings due to the drug were not noted.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Aerobic bacteria occurring in the vagina of bitches with reproductive disorders.

A retrospective survey was performed of aerobic bacterial species found in the vagina of 203 bitches with genital disorders, e.g. infertility, vaginitis, pyometra and puppy death. Escherichia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus intermedius and Pasteurella multocida were the species most often isolated. From bitches with pyometra E. coli in pure culture was the most frequent isolate. In contrast, the majority of infertile bitches gave rise to mixed cultures, and no specific bacterial species was consistently associated with infertility. Thus, bacterial sampling from infertile bitches was concluded to be of low diagnostic value. Bacterial species isolated from the bitches having vaginitis were present in pure culture in 26.9% of the samples while nonspecific mixed cultures were obtained from 34.6% of the samples from these bitches. E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterial species from bitches with dead puppies. However, in such cases it is important to relate the vaginal bacterial findings to autopsy findings and the results of bacteriological cultures of the pups.

Animals↗