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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Putting the rap on Akt.

The protein kinase Akt is activated in a wide variety of cancers, and this activation results in enhanced resistance to apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. This article reviews the control of Akt activation by the opposing actions of the oncogene phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10. The activation of Akt by transforming mutations, such as the amplification of HER-2/neu in breast cancer and the formation of the BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia, seems to be essential for the transforming activity of these oncogenes. We discuss several of the proposed mechanisms for the antiapoptotic effect of activated Akt, including the inhibition of the proapoptotic protein Bad, downregulation of death receptors, and enhancement of the glycolytic rate. Increased glycolysis is seen in many malignancies and forms the basis for the increasing use of positron emission tomography imaging for diagnosis and staging. Finally, we discuss rapamycin and its analogs, which are now in trials as antineoplastic therapy; these agents show particular promise in tumors in which Akt has been activated.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2006

High-density sampling differential display of prokaryotic mRNAs with RAP-PCR.

A high-throughput approach to prokaryotic differential display has been developed. A large number of reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) are performed on total RNA isolated from induced and control bacterial cultures. Each RT-PCR reaction uses a single oligonucleotide primer and constitutes an independent sampling of the mRNA population. The large number of reactions performed allows the repeated sampling of the targeted polycistronic mRNA, which is clearly identified among possible false positives.

Automation↗
PubMed1999

Rap and mania.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A rap over the knuckles from the professor.

When local industrial relations are, in the eyes of NHS managers, like walking on eggshells, it is perhaps understandable that an AHA should have decreed to keep an important inquiry report hush-hush. So that managers elsewhere may know what went wrong and what to watch out for on their own patch, we summarise, in the first of a two-part series, Professor Roger Dyson's review of the problems at Westminster Hospital and his proposals for improvements.

Collective Bargaining↗