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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A histologic evaluation of periodontal tissues adjacent to root perforations filled with Cavit.

Root perforations were created in dog premolars; thirty-one were filled with Cavit, whereas seventeen were left unfilled. The animals were killed after 1, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days, and hematoxylin and eosin sections were prepared. Perforations near the gingival sulcus usually led to severe destruction, whereas those surrounded by ample bone tended to gain a favorable response, even when left unfilled.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endodontics in veterinary medicine.

An animal's dental problems are a tremendous problem for the average dental practitioner. Diagnosis and treatment can be very difficult as a result of the number of animal specimens that may have dental disease. This study presents concepts in veterinary endodontics for members of the canine population, their anatomy, their dental development, and methods of obtaining anesthesia. A discussion of techniques in nonsurgical and surgical endodontics is included. It was concluded that conventional endodontic practices can be used with modifications in instrument length, filling materials, and surgical access, corresponding to the varied oral anatomy within the animal kingdom.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Clinical factors associated with ledged canals in maxillary and mandibular molars.

No clinical studies have been done to explore the relationship of ledging to the clinical practice of endodontics. The purpose of this study was to examine 171 cases completed by third-year dental students and to identify variables that were associated with ledging. A total of 336 canals were examined and tooth number, canal location, working length, the master apical file size, and root canal curvature were recorded. Of 336 canals, 46% were found to have been ledged. Analysis of variance revealed that No. 15 had a significantly higher incidence of ledging. Working lengths and master apical file sizes were not found to be significant variables. The main factor consistently related to the presence of ledges was canal curvature. The number of ledged canals increased significantly after 20 degrees and surpassed the number not ledged after 30 degrees. Multiple regression with the use of the five categories as the dependent variables and ledging as the independent variable resulted in an r = 0.397 and F = 12.216, p less than 0.0001. Curvature was found to have the highest significant t value (7.412) followed by "teeth" (2.471), whereas no other categories were identified as being significant. All the determinants for ledging were not identified with this study, and further research is indicated.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome. V. Apical closure of immature teeth by infection control: the importance of an endodontic seal with therapeutic factors. Part 2.

During orthodontic treatment to promote eruption of maxillary and mandibular second bicuspids, a young male patient had a severe endodontic cellulitis of a mandibular bicuspid. Apexogenesis and resolution of the periapical lesion was achieved by infection control with nonspecific intracanal medication without calcium hydroxide, as stated by Das. A mild periodontal cellulitis occurred shortly thereafter and rapidly resolved. A second endodontic cellulitis, after apexogenesis without an endodontic seal, occurred shortly after completion of orthodontic treatment. This also quickly resolved, and the canal was effectively sealed. This case indicates the importance of an effective endodontic seal shortly after apexogenesis is induced by infection control. This report and others on the subject indicate that apexogenesis of nonvital permanent immature teeth by infection control is a predictable endodontic treatment procedure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Perforation repair and one-step apexification procedures.

As with any dental treatment, procedural mishaps can occur during root canal therapy. One such occurrence is the perforation of a root or pulpal floor. After a perforation occurs, the goals are to "sterilize" (decontaminate) the site and then seal the perforation. The material most widely used in endodontics to seal perforations is mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA us extremely biocompatible, and it has been shown historically that osteoidlike material grows right into MTA. The technique of one-step apexification offers an alternative to draw-out cases with several medicament-changing appointments that often result in a failed attempt at root-end closure. With the favorable histologic response of MTA, this material is the best current choice for this procedure. Completion of these cases in an effective and efficient way allows for permanent restorations to be done in a more timely manner, prolonging the longevity of these teeth.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Radiographic technical quality of root canal treatment performed by dental students at the Dental Teaching Center in Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate radiographically the technical standard of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate dental students at the Dental Teaching Center in Jordan. METHODS: A random sample of 8500 records of dental patients was examined. A total of 542 endodontically treated teeth with 912 roots were evaluated. Periapical radiographs were used to assess the technical quality of the root canal filling. The length of each root canal filling was categorized as acceptable, short and overfilled based on their relationship with the radiographic apex. Density and taper of filling was evaluated based on the presence of voids and the uniform tapering of the filling, respectively. Chi-square analysis was used to determine statistically significant differences between adequacy of root canal filling in each group of teeth according to its location, position and curvature. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of roots had fillings of acceptable length, while 34.5% were short and 4.2% were overfilled. The root canal fillings of 47.4% were found to be adequate. Adequate fillings were found more in maxillary than mandibular teeth (P < 0.005), anterior compared to posterior teeth (P < 0.05) and in straight canals compared to curved canals (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The technical quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate dental students using step-back preparation and lateral condensation was found to be less than 50%. Review of the endodontic curriculum requirements, specialized clinical supervision and increasing the time of training at the preclinical and clinical levels should improve this quality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Detection of bacteraemias during non-surgicalroot canal treatment.

UNLABELLED: Some dental procedures initiate a bacteraemia. In certain compromised patients, this bacteraemia may lead to distant site infections, most notably infective endocarditis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a detectable bacteraemia was produced during non-surgical root canal therapy. METHODS: Thirty patients receiving non-surgical root canal therapy were studied. Three blood samples were taken per patient: pre-operatively, peri-operatively and post-operatively. In addition, a paper point sample was collected from the root canal. The blood samples were cultured by pour plate and blood bottle methods. The isolated organisms were identified by standard techniques. Blood samples were analysed for the presence of bacterial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In two cases where the same species of organism was identified in the root canal and the bloodstream, the isolates were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: By conventional culturing, a detectable bacteraemia was present in 9 (30%) of the 30 patients who had no positive pre-operative control blood sample. In 7 (23.3%) patients, the same species of organism was identified in both the bloodstream and in the paper point sample from the root canal system. Overall, PCR gave lower detection rates compared with conventional culture, with 10 of 90 (11%) of the blood samples displaying bacterial DNA. PFGE typing was undertaken for two pairs of culture isolates from blood and paper points; these were found to be genetically identical. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical root canal treatment may invoke a detectable bacteraemia.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2006

Penetration depth of warm vertical Gutta-Percha pluggers: impact of apical preparation.

The warm vertical gutta-percha compaction technique requires canals to be sufficiently flared to allow the tip of the plugger to penetrate to the apical third. The aim of the present study was to determine whether apical preparation or finishing instruments could be used to improve the penetration depth of pluggers. Single-root canals (48) were prepared using different rotary Ni-Ti instruments: M File System (I), ProTaper (II), HEROShaper (III), and EndoK3 (IV). Finger and heat (Endotwinn) pluggers were introduced into the canals, one after the other, and their penetration depths were measured. The apical thirds of the canals were then flared with specific instrumentation and the penetration depths of the pluggers were once again measured. After the initial preparation, the smallest diameter pluggers (No. 1 and F) could be inserted 5 to 7 mm short of working length without difficulty. Apical flaring improved the maximum penetration depth of the finger plugger by 1.76 mm and the heat plugger by 1.52 mm The deepest penetration was obtained with the EndoK3, ProTaper, and HEROShaper instruments. By accentuating the taper, apical flaring facilitated the penetration of warm vertical gutta-percha compaction pluggers.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed2006

Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto Study. Phase III: initial treatment.

The 4- to 6-year outcome of initial endodontic treatment was assessed for phase III (1998-1999) of the Toronto Study. Of the 532 teeth treated, 248 were from discontinuers (excluded), 142 from dropouts, 10 extracted, and 132 (50% recall) examined for outcome: healed (no apical periodontitis [AP], signs, symptoms) or diseased. Phase III was analyzed alone and combined with phases I, II (n = 373 teeth). Logistic regression performed on the combined phases I-III sample identified significant (p < or = 0.05) outcome predictors: preoperative AP (OR = 3.5; CI 1.7-7.2; healed: absent, 93%; present, 80%), number of roots (OR = 2.2; CI 1.0-4.7; healed: 1 - 92%; > or =2 - 83%), and intraoperative complications (OR = 2.2; CI 1.1-4.5; healed: absent, 88%; present, 76%). Treatment technique (OR = 2.8; CI 1.3-6.1; healed: Schilder, 89%; alternative, 73%) was suggested as an outcome predictor in teeth with AP, requiring confirmation from randomized controlled trials.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Delivery of calcium hydroxide: comparison of four filling techniques.

This study compared the weight and radiographic appearance of Ca(OH)(2) delivered into standardized, minimally and fully prepared canals using (a) an injection system, (b) an endodontic Flex-O file rotated counter-clockwise, (c) a lentulo spiral, and (d) a .04 rotary NiTi file rotated in reverse. Two extracted human second mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared to an MAF #25 or an MAF #40. A weight measurement and radiograph were made for each filling. Three independent examiners evaluated the radiographs. Regardless of technique, only about 45% of the optimal weight of Ca(OH)(2) was delivered into the minimally prepared canal. Radiographically the filling quality was only 1 to 2 (10 scale). In contrast, all delivery techniques delivered near optimal weight of Ca(OH)(2) in the completely prepared canal with a radiographic filling quality of 8.8 to 9.3. The results indicate that complete instrumentation is needed to obtain near optimal delivery of Ca(OH)(2).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2004

Endodontic retreatment strategies used by general dental practitioners.

PURPOSE: Root-filled teeth with persistant periapical radiolucencies are often classified as endodontic failures. Studies have shown that general dental practitioners (GDP) do not consistantly suggest retreatment of "failures." The "Praxis Concept" (PC) theory hypothesizes that dentists conceive periapical health and disease as different states on a continuum. This study examined endodontic retreatment concepts among 157 GDPs from Värmland, Sweden. STUDY DESIGN: In 6 simulated cases the periapical condition, quality of root filling and presence of a root canal-retained post were systematically varied. Five options were offered: no therapy, wait and see, nonsurgical retreatment, surgical retreatment, and extraction. RESULTS: The investigation showed large interindividual variation in retreatment behavior among the GDPs. Only 9 dentists (6%) where found to repeatedly suggest retreatment of endodontic failures. A majority of GDPs (79%) performed in accordance with PC. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that several retreatment decision rules are used by Swedish GDPs, but PC-derived strategies attract the majority.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Nonsurgical retreatment of teeth with periapical lesions previously managed by either endodontic or surgical intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of nonsurgical retreatment of teeth with periapical lesions, which had been previously managed by either endodontic or surgical intervention, and to identify factors that might influence the prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-five endodontically and 11 surgically treated teeth with persisting periapical lesions ranging in size from 2 to 11 mm in diameter were included in this study. The teeth were nonsurgically retreated, using calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament, and were followed for a period of 2 to 8 years. RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic assessment of retreatment showed that complete healing for all cases was 61.6% with an additional category of incomplete healing of 14%; 24.4% failed. The size of the periapical lesions and previous surgical treatment had marginally negative influences on the prognosis, but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The favourable results of this study demonstrated that nonsurgical root canal retreatment is an alternative to surgical intervention of postendodontic or postsurgical failure.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2006

Labiomandibular paresthesia caused by endodontic treatment: an anatomic and clinical study.

Labiomandibular paresthesia after root canal treatment is an accident that is still too frequent despite the development of new endodontic techniques. The aim of this anatomical and clinical study is to advance the understanding of how accidents occur so as to avoid them. This anatomical study made it possible to determine the variability of proximity of the apex of the tooth root to the mandibular bundle, as well as the relationship between the nerve and its satellite artery, and to understand how endodontic filling material spreads into the cancellous bone. The clinical study, which included examination with conventional radiology as well as with imaging techniques, enabled us to identify the exact location of the filling material in relation to the mandibular bundle and to correlate this to the occurrence of clinical symptoms and their diverse manifestations.

Cranial Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of a referral-based endodontic practice: Part 2. Treatment provided.

Little information exists in the dental literature regarding the range of treatment provided by specialist endodontists. This study was undertaken to analyze the range and incidence of treatment procedures performed on 2000 patients referred to a specialist endodontist in Perth, Western Australia. There were 312 people that did not require endodontic treatment, resulting in 1688 patients having treatment on 2221 teeth. Routine treatment without complications was provided to 313 teeth (14%) while a total of 451 teeth (20.3%) had calcified or blocked canals. Endodontic retreatment was necessary in 815 teeth (36.7%), 210 teeth (9.4%) had posts removed, and 236 (10.6%) had endodontic surgery. Perforations were present in 119 teeth (5.4%) and these were treated either conservatively (81 teeth, 3.6%) or with surgery (38 teeth, 1.7%). Dental trauma was the reason for referral of 258 patients who required treatment on 217 teeth (9.8%). The wide range of treatment procedures required indicates that endodontists must be highly skilled in all aspects of the discipline.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1994

A method to determine the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier.

The external cervical root resorption associated with intracoronal bleaching of pulpless teeth can be a devastating lesion. It often cannot be repaired. To prevent this problem, increasing attention has been focused on placing a barrier between the pulp chamber and the endodontic filling material. The objective of this article is to propose a method for determining the location and shape of an intracoronal bleach barrier.

Dental Pulp Devitalization↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of success and failure after endodontic therapy using a glass ionomer cement sealer.

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective clinical study was to assess the treatment results following endodontic therapy using a glass ionomer cement sealer (Ketac-Endo) and to relate the results to various clinical factors. A total of 486 teeth were treated by three operators, using the "standardized technique" for canal preparation and either single cone or laterally condensed gutta-percha, in one or multiple treatment sessions. Six to 18 months postoperatively, the treatment results were assessed clinically and radiographically, and related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors using a chi 2 analysis with 5% level of significance. Of 378 followed-up teeth, there was a 78.3% success, 15.6% incomplete healing, and 6.1% failure. Statistically, differences in the results were related to the number of canals (p < 0.04), primary treatment and retreatment (p < 0.02), pulp vitality (p < 0.001), periapical lesion (p < 0.001), preoperative symptoms (p < 0.003), operative complications (p < 0.001), and absence of restoration (p < 0.03). It was concluded that these treatment results were compatible with those reported in previous studies, and supported the clinical use of Ketac-Endo as an acceptable endodontic sealer.

Adolescent↗