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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Insulin-like growth factor system components in the periodontium during tooth root resorption and early repair processes in the rat.

There is evidence that growth factors, such as the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), are involved in biological and pathological processes in oro-dento-facial tissues. To investigate their roles in tooth movement, root resorption, and repair, the occurrence of components of the IGF system, including the ligands IGF-I and -II, the IGF receptor 1 (IGF1R) and six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6), was investigated by immunohistochemistry on sections from rat maxillae where the first molar had been moved mesially by means of an orthodontic appliance for 9 d to induce root resorption. After force deactivation on day 0, early repair was studied after a further 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 17 d. The immunostaining pattern in the periodontal ligament, cementum, and bone of control animals showed similarities known from studies in human teeth. Increased immunostaining for nearly all components in pressure sides and resorption lacunae indicated an involvement in resorption processes and clastic activities. During early stages of repair, the occurrence of several components (e.g. IGF-II, IGFBP-5 or -6) within lacunae and in cementoblasts showed an involvement in the resorption-repair sequence, which is considered to be a coupling process as known from bone.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1999

The effect of physiological root resorption on the histological structure of primary tooth pulp.

The aim of this study was to determine, the effect of physiological root resorption on the histological structure of healthy primary tooth pulp. Fourteen canine teeth, which needed to be extracted for orthodontic purposes and in which resorption had just begun (1st group, resorption did not exceed 1/3 of root length) or was in advanced resorption stage (2nd group, resorption was between 1/2 and 2/3 of root length), were used for this study. After the extraction of the teeth, they were prepared for histological examination. Then the samples were examined using light microscopy. The result no difference was found which could be detected by polarized light microscope that was related to physiological resorption and histological structure of primary teeth pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the odontoclasts in physiologic root resorption of human deciduous teeth.

Using extracted human deciduous teeth undergoing physiologic root resorption, this author studied the ultrastructural and cytochemical features of odontoclasts. The scanning electron microscopic observation of trypsin-treated dentin and cementum surfaces of resorption lacunae showed the exposure of collagen fibrils and prominent loss of the peritubular matrices around the dentinal tubules. In the resorption lacunae formed in enamel, there was dissolution of either the rod or the interrod regions. The odontoclasts developed extensive ruffled borders apposed to these resorbing matrices and had round phagosomes containing tannic acid-stainable fine amorphous inclusions, which were identical to those in the extracellular canals of the ruffled borders. The odontoclasts did not phagocytose the collagen fibrils. The odontoclasts showed the enzymatic activities of the acid trimetaphosphatase and acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (p-NPPase) in the Golgi-lysosome system, the ruffled border region, and along the resorbing dentin surfaces. The p-NPPase activity was inhibited by sodium tartrate. Also, the odontoclasts showed H(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the cytoplasm along the plasma membranes including those of ruffled border and the limiting membranes of the lysosomes. These results suggest that: 1) the odontoclasts are associated with resorption of non-collagenous organic matrices and/or extracellularly-degraded collagenous fragments rather than the incorporation of intact collagen fibrils; 2) the odontoclasts release the hydrolytic enzymes onto the lacunal surfaces and/or the lysosomes for the extra/intracellular degradation of the organic matrices; and 3) they also have H(+)-K(+)-ATPase for extracellular demineralization of the inorganic crystals.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of pathogenesis and topography of replacement root resorption (ankylosis) after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys.

The pathogenesis and topography of replacement root resorption (ankylosis) after replantation of incisors was examined in green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Incisors were replanted after 0,18 or 120 min. storage and examined histometrically for replacement resorption after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. There was a significant preference for certain locations upon the root surface. Thus, ankylosis was found significantly more often on the rounded labial and lingual surfaces than on the flat or concave proximal surfaces, and on the apical portion of the root in contrast to the coronal portion. At two-weeks' observation periods, two types of initial ankylosis were seen after 120 min. dry storage. In the cervical areas and on the labial and lingual surfaces, the most common finding was a complete mineralization of the entire periodontal ligament, while on the remaining parts of the root surface, the initial ankylosis area consisted of a layer of bone deposited upon the root surface and socket wall with an intervening soft connective tissue zone. These two zones were in some areas united by bony bridges formed along the Sharpey's fiber bundles. It is suggested that the first type of initial ankylosis represents areas where both the cemental and alveolar parts of the periodontal ligament are avital; whereas the second type represents areas where only the cemental part of the periodontal ligament is avital (i.e., from dry storage). It is concluded that ankylosis after replantation is presumably a response in the periodontium to areas of the periodontal ligament and/or the root surface damaged by the extraction procedure or storage conditions prior to replantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Root resorption leading to linkage of dentinal collagen and gingival fibers? A case report.

A maxillary central incisor in a 55-year-old Caucasian female was extracted in modified block as part of a histologic study of gingival responses to subgingival crown placement. The facial portion of this block showed preclinical pocket depth of 1.0 mm with moderate gingival inflammation. The block was extracted 2 weeks after crown placement and prepared for histologic evaluation. Histologic responses to subgingival crown placement were, among others: gingival recession (1.0 mm), reformation of crevicular depth (0.7 mm) and remodelling of the gingival and periodontal attachment apparatus. Histologic evaluations of the gingival unit using cellular and connective tissue stains revealed an area of root resorption immediately apical to the junctional epithelium at a portion of the facial surface. Root resorption had progressed into dentin. Gingival connective tissue abutted the dentinal surface. Collagen stains showed the presence of tufts of collagen fibrils which appeared to arise from the dentin. These fibrillar elements seemed to splice with collagen fibrils found in the gingival connective tissue. The specimen thus suggests the possibility of a fiber linkage attachment involving exposed dentinal fibers as part of gingival repair following injury.

Collagen↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites.

External root resorption is a frequent iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic treatment, particularly in the maxillary anterior teeth. Since resorption also occurs is a normal function of aging and since altered behaviors such as bruxism and chronic nailbiting accelerate resorption even in the absence of treatment, it was hypothesized that the long-term orthopedic forces of tongue thrusting leading to anterior open bites would also enhance the rates of clastic activity. In a series of 32 adolescents with open bites, the roots of permanent maxillary central incisors were significantly shorter and exhibited higher modal grades of periapical resorption than a matched series with deep bites before treatment. The open bite group also had less facial bony support for these teeth. Both series experienced discernible resorption during full-banded treatment but to comparable extents so that, after active treatment, the open bite series continued to possess significantly greater degrees of resorption. Consequently, the oral forces leading to apertognathia are themselves destructive of root integrity and merit early recognition and interception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Severe external root resorption arrested by conventional endodontic treatment.

A case is presented of inflammatory external root resorption detected on radiographic examination. Conventional endodontic treatment, including calcium hydroxide dressing for two weeks and obturation of the root canal system using the vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha technique was a simple and effective treatment modality for arresting the resorptive process and maintaining the integrity of the patient dentition.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Root resorption and the impacted canine.

This article considers the incidence and outcome of incisor root resorption in cases where the upper permanent canine is impacted. A review of the associated factors indicates that it is not possible to predict when resorption will occur and so all impacted canines, whether buccal or palatal, should be regarded as potentially damaging. The management is discussed and illustrated by showing some examples.

Cuspid↗
PubMed2002

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: The clinical aspects.

Over the past 10 years, orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) has been increasingly recognized as an iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic treatment. With this in mind, orthodontists should take all known measures to reduce the occurrence of OIIRR. The evidence that we present in this review suggests several procedures known today that can avert this phenomenon; however, none of them can be relied on to completely prevent OIIRR. We believe that future studies might clarify the exact cause and course of OIIRR and, hopefully, help eliminate it. In Part I, we discussed the basic sciences aspects of OIIRR; in Part II, we present the clinical aspects of this phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A radiographic study of posterior apical root resorption in orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of apical root resorption, after fixed appliance therapy, in the posterior part of the dentition, and to evaluate if predisposing factors can be pointed out retrospectively. Tooth length in the posterior part of the dentition was measured on pretreatment and posttreatment orthopantomograms of 153 patients who were treated with standard edgewise appliances. Pretreatment and posttreatment tooth lengths were determined, and an attempt was made to explain the differences by sex, age, stage of root formation at onset of orthodontic treatment, extraction versus nonextraction therapy and treatment duration. Patients were divided into two groups according to their root formation. Group A consisted of patients with incompleted root formation at onset of orthodontic treatment except for the first molars. Group B consisted of patients where root formation was completed with the exception of second and third molars. Posttreatment tooth lengths of groups A and B were compared with pretreatment tooth lengths of group B with a paired t test, and correlations with the variables were calculated with multiple regression analysis only in group B. Posttreatment group A showed no significant differences with the mean root lengths of pretreatment group B. Differences between the mean pretreatment and posttreatment root lengths in group B were significant. Posterior teeth showed root shortening during active orthodontic treatment independent of sex, age, extraction versus nonextraction therapy, and duration of active treatment. Teeth with incompleted root formation at onset of orthodontic treatment showed root lengthening during active treatment, yet did not reach their "normal" tooth length.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Film and digital radiography for detection of simulated root resorption cavities.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate observers' ability to detect simulated root resorption cavities in conventional radiographs and digital radiographs from a charge-coupled device system and a storage phosphor system and to determine whether the detectability was influenced by resorption size and exposure. STUDY DESIGN: In teeth from dry mandibular jaw specimens, resorptive defects 1.2 mm in diameter and two different depths (0.6 and 0.9 mm) were prepared in the buccal root surface. Each tooth was radiographed at a number of different exposure settings. Observers were asked to rate their confidence that a resorption was or was not present using a five-graded confidence scale. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Given optimal exposures, all systems reached what might be considered clinically acceptable Az values (> 0.75). The storage phosphor system reached this value at considerably lower exposures than those required for both the film and charge-coupled device systems. There was a tendency to better detect the deeper lesions and to identify them at lower exposures.

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed2003

Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movement and root resorption.

The aim of this clinical and confocal laser scanning microscopic study was to compare the effects of two frequently used archwires on tooth movement and root resorption. A total of 84 premolars in 27 individuals (10 boys, 17 girls, with a mean age of 12.5 years) was moved buccally with an experimental fixed orthodontic appliance. In a split mouth experimental design the premolar on one side was activated with a stainless steel wire with a buccal offset of 1 mm, which was reactivated every four weeks and the contralateral premolar was moved with a superelastic wire with a force plateau of 0.8-1 N. This wire had an initial activation of 4.5 mm and was not reactivated during the 12-week experimental period. At the end of the experimental period the teeth were extracted. Six premolars were used as control teeth and were extracted before the experiment started. Tooth displacement was studied three-dimensionally on dental casts with a co-ordinate measuring machine. The depth, perimeter, area, and volume of the resorption lacunae was measured using three-dimensional digital images made with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). On these images the resorbed portions of the root surface were 'reconstructed' mathematically. The results show that the teeth activated with the superelastic wire moved significantly more than the teeth with the steel wire during the experimental period. The depth of the resorption lacunae did not differ significantly between the groups; however, perimeter, area, and volume of the resorption lacunae on the teeth of the 'superelastic group' were 140 per cent greater than on the teeth of the 'steel group'. It may be concluded that a greater amount of tooth movement occurred with superelastic wires, offering a force level of 0.8-1 N compared with stainless steel wires, with initially higher but rapidly declining forces in an experimental set up for a period of 12 weeks. The amount of root resorption was significantly larger in the superelastic group.

Adolescent↗