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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical observations on carbonic anhydrase I and II in human salivary glands and submandibular obstructive adenitis.

Immunohistochemical identification of carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA-I, CA-II) was made in human major salivary glands and obstructive adenitis in submandibular glands. Normal salivary glands stained the strongest for CA-II in serious acinar cells and were negative in mucous cells. Moderate to strong staining for CA-I and CA-II was found in ductal segments. Submandibular glands with obstructive adenitis exhibited reduced CA-I activity in atrophic acinar cells, but not in ductal elements in the early and intermediate stages of the disorder. In the late stage of the obstructive lesion, CA staining in duct-like structures was moderate; however, almost degenerate ductal cells were negative for CA. During the progression of the degeneration in the obstructive lesion, the CA staining decreased dependent on acinar atrophy. Even after longstanding obstruction of the salivary gland, altered ductal epithelia may retain some of their functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The state of the art of ultrasonography in the head and neck.

When considering patient comfort, length of testing, availability, the increased diagnostic capabilities and relative cost, we believe that ultrasonography is an important addition to the diagnostic tests currently used in otolaryngology. It is a noninvasive method with high sensitivity. When one includes the techniques of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, cutting biopsy and colour-coded duplex sonography, the specificity is further augmented and is superbly suited for demonstrating, detecting and excluding pathologies in the head and neck region. It will increase the accuracy of preoperative staging of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer. It is even possible that it may change the indications for therapeutic and elective neck treatment. In addition it is valuable during the follow-up of patients treated with radiation or/and chemotherapy. In many situations, ultrasonography is superior to CT or MRI because it is a dynamic imaging technique with the possibility of simultaneous palpation of the lesion. It does not force the surgeon to reconstruct anatomy from computer generated slices which leave gaps that may miss disease and it can detect major vessel invasion by tumour.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2001

Amplification of extracellular matrix and oncogenes in tat-transfected human salivary gland cell lines with expression of laminin, fibronectin, collagens I, III, IV, c-myc and p53.

Considerable progress has been made in the transfer of foreign genes into salivary glands in vivo using adenovirus vectors in rats. In an attempt to avoid the transient expression inherent, when using these vectors, retroviral vectors and human cell lines where used here in attempt to develop an in vitro model of HIV-associated salivary gland disease. The HIV-1-tat protein is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of the AIDS through altering the expression of strategic cellular genes. The purpose of this study was to transfect human salivary gland (HSG) cell lines in vitro, with the pHIV-1/LTR-tat plasmid, and examine the effect of tat on expression of matrix and basement membrane genes known to be important in the pathogenesis of salivary gland disease. HSG cells were transfected with HIV-1-tat plasmid by the lipofection method. Transfection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot, which verified that tat-specific DNA was present. Tat-mRNA was analysed by Northern blotting and quantified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to demonstrate its expression. Numerous clones were found to contain integrated tat DNA sequences and analysis of mRNA showed stable expression of tat-specific RNA. Further analysis of mRNA expression for various marker proteins important in HIV pathogenesis showed that the HSG cell line transfected with HIV-1-tat, was associated with significant induction of mRNA expression for extracellular matrix protein. Tat-amplified transcription of the major basement membrane protein laminin, as well as of fibronectin, collagen I and III, and c-myc oncogene was demonstrated. Conversely, expression of p53 suppressor gene mRNA was reduced. Post-transfection expression of collagen IV was erratic and inconclusive. It was concluded that the presence of HIV-tat in this in vitro model of salivary ductal epithelial cell model alters the mRNA expression of several matrix, basement membrane and oncoproteins known to be involved in HIV pathogenesis. These cell lines provide a useful system for studying the role of tat in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-associated salivary gland disease.

Basement Membrane↗