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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of atypical antipsychotic agents on social behavior in rodents.

There are numerous preclinical screening procedures that are predictive of clinical efficacy for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but no assays for the negative symptoms such as social withdrawal. In the social interaction test in rats, the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine (10.0 mg/kg) and two putative atypical agents risperidone (0.0625 mg/kg) and HP 873 (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased social interaction behaviors between pairs of unfamiliar but not familiar rats. The benzodiazepine diazepam (1.25-5.0 mg/kg) increased social behaviors in both paradigms. Haloperidol, chlorpromazine, raclopride, and SCH23390 decreased social behaviors in these assays. In vitro receptor binding studies revealed that only clozapine, risperidone, and HP 873 displayed dopamine to serotonin affinity ratios for both D2/5-hydroxytryptamine2(5-HT2)/ and D1/5-HT1A of greater than or equal to 12.9 and 1.0, respectively. The present study suggests that antipsychotic agents that may be effective in social withdrawal can be identified in this modified social interaction paradigm. Further, our data suggests that a compound's effectiveness for the treatment of social withdrawal is at least in part due to its relative affinity for binding to dopamine D1 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1988

Life style and patterns of health and social behavior in high-risk adolescents.

This article examines the life style of young people aged 14 to 19 years to describe the interrelations among social and health-related modes of behavior. The data were derived from a national survey, conducted from 1984 to 1986, of 2,787 respondents using consolidated health services for high-risk youths. A broad range of health habits, risk behaviors, and social activities are examined, including leisure activities, social relations, sexual behavior, substance use behavior, violent social behavior, seat belt use, dental hygiene, sleep behavior, weight, and preventive medical care. Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling are used to determine the empirical patterns among these behaviors. The analyses show two major modes of behavior, health-promoting and health-compromising, while a third pattern can be interpreted as group or social activity. Implications of these life-style distinctions are discussed in relation to health promotion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Autism during infancy: a retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9-12 months of age.

This retrospective video study explored the usefulness of sensory-motor measures in addition to social behaviors as early predictors of autism during infancy. Three groups included 11 children with autism, 10 with developmental disabilities, and 11 typically developing children. Home videos were edited to obtain a 10-minute cross-section of situations at 9-12 months for each subjects. Using interval scoring, raters coded several behavioral categories (i.e., Looking, Affect, Response to Name, Anticipatory Postures, Motor/Object Stereotypies, Social Touch, Sensory Modulation). Nine items, in combination, were found to discriminate the three groups with a correct classification rate of 93.75%. These findings indicate that subtle symptoms of autism are present at 9-12 months, and suggest that early assessment procedures need to consider sensory processing/sensory-motor functions in addition to social responses during infancy. Furthermore, prior to a time that they reported autistic symptoms, caregivers used compensatory strategies to increase the saliency of stimuli in order to engage their children more successfully; these strategies may provide a window for earlier diagnosis.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1996

Automaticity of social behavior: direct effects of trait construct and stereotype-activation on action.

Previous research has shown that trait concepts and stereotype become active automatically in the presence of relevant behavior or stereotyped-group features. Through the use of the same priming procedures as in previous impression formation research, Experiment 1 showed that participants whose concept of rudeness was printed interrupted the experimenter more quickly and frequently than did participants primed with polite-related stimuli. In Experiment 2, participants for whom an elderly stereotype was primed walked more slowly down the hallway when leaving the experiment than did control participants, consistent with the content of that stereotype. In Experiment 3, participants for whom the African American stereotype was primed subliminally reacted with more hostility to a vexatious request of the experimenter. Implications of this automatic behavior priming effect for self-fulfilling prophecies are discussed, as is whether social behavior is necessarily mediated by conscious choice processes.

Affect↗
PubMed1982

Mentally handicapped children in special schools in Israel: a focus on social behavior.

As a part of a needs-assessment study, done in Israeli special schools for the mentally handicapped, social skills and personality characteristics were assessed on the Adaptive Behavior Scale (Nihira, Foster, Shellhaas, & Lelans, 1974). Structured observations were done in the classrooms of the behavior of each child and classroom climate questionnaire was administered to the children. Social behavior was found to be multidimensional consisting of: independence skills, personal maladaptive behaviors and social maladaptation. Correlations done between the ABS dimensions and the observations and classroom's climate, indicated that the more active and agitated child was less successful in terms of "vocational activity" and "self direction" (ABS domains), which were the behaviors most valued by the teachers. The more active child was also characterized by exhibiting positive and negative social behaviors, as indicated by responses given to the classroom climate questionnaire. The general implications of the study to social learning programs are that any curriculum in this area should take into consideration the multidimensionality of social behavior while at the same time take into account the socio-cultural pattern of the society and the personality makeup of mentally handicapped children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Communication and social growth: a developmental model of social behavior in deaf children.

A cognitive developmental model for the social interaction and behavior of deaf children is proposed. This model takes into account reports of high-frequency behavioral and social problems manifested by deaf children. Emphasis is placed on the role of language in the development of social perceptions and interactions. Problems of social interaction are attributed to the delayed language development of some deaf children. Implications for intervention strategies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of pentylenetetrazole on ethanol intake, ethanol kinetics, and social behavior in male Wistar rats.

Stress and anxiety are often implicated in excessive alcohol use. The nature of this interaction, however, is not understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the anxiogenic agent, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), on the acquisition and maintenance of ethanol drinking behavior in male Wistar rats. In rats maintained on a limited access procedure, with a choice between a 12% w/v ethanol (ETOH) solution and water available for 30 min each day, acute PTZ administration (1.5 to 15.0 mg/kg) did not modify ETOH intake. Chronic PTZ administration elicited a significant suppression in ETOH intake; however, this effect developed gradually over time. During the acquisition phase, chronic PTZ treatment also suppressed ETOH consumption. Chronic, but not acute, treatment with PTZ seemed to enhance water consumption. To assess whether the effect of PTZ on ETOH intake was due to either alterations in ETOH kinetics or behavior, blood ETOH levels and social interaction behaviour were examined. PTZ (15.0 mg/kg) produced a significant suppression in social interaction behavior, although tolerance developed to this effect on chronic PTZ administration. Both acute and chronic PTZ treatment (15 mg/kg) resulted in lower blood ETOH levels achieved after administration of 1.0 g/kg po of ETOH. Because the anxiogenic effect of PTZ was not maintained on repeated administration, yet the suppression of ETOH intake was only observed after chronic treatment, this suggests a dissociation between the processes regulating these behaviors.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

Naloxone-induced opiate withdrawal produces long-lasting and context-independent changes in aggressive and social behaviors of postdependent male mice.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an environment associated with naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal affects aggressive or social behaviors in postdependent mice. Morphine-dependent or saline-treated mice received 3 naloxone injections in 1 of 2 different environments (A or B); 15 days afterward, when the mice were completely drug free, an aggression test was carried out in Environment A. All the mice suffering morphine withdrawal showed a significant increase in aggression, irrespective of the environment in which the withdrawal took place. In these conditions, the impact of morphine dependence and the 3 induced withdrawals was so profound that the environment could not be discriminative. In addition, modifications in the behavioral profile of postdependent mice that suffered only spontaneous withdrawal were long-lasting, with the mice carrying out more attacks during social investigation without presenting threat postures.

Aggression↗
PubMed1993

Effects of a multifaceted training procedure on the social behaviors of hearing-impaired children with severe language disabilities: a replication.

The effectiveness of a training package on the social behaviors of 20 hearing-impaired children with severe language disabilities was assessed. The package consisted of initial instruction in role-play situations, reinforcement of appropriate instances of the behaviors, and a correction procedure following inappropriate instances of the behaviors. Results showed that the training package was effective in increasing greeting, turn waiting, initiating interaction, and giving help and these effects were maintained over several weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Natural variation in a neuropeptide Y receptor homolog modifies social behavior and food response in C. elegans.

Natural isolates of C. elegans exhibit either solitary or social feeding behavior. Solitary foragers move slowly on a bacterial lawn and disperse across it, while social foragers move rapidly on bacteria and aggregate together. A loss-of-function mutation in the npr-1 gene, which encodes a predicted G protein-coupled receptor similar to neuropeptide Y receptors, causes a solitary strain to take on social behavior. Two isoforms of NPR-1 that differ at a single residue occur in the wild. One isoform, NPR-1 215F, is found exclusively in social strains, while the other isoform, NPR-1 215V, is found exclusively in solitary strains. An NPR-1 215V transgene can induce solitary feeding behavior in a wild social strain. Thus, isoforms of a putative neuropeptide receptor generate natural variation in C. elegans feeding behavior.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

G.H. Mead's social behaviorism.

This paper seeks to clarify those conceptual foundations of G.H. Mead's social behaviorism which are assumed, but not made explicit, in that writer's well-known volume Mind, Self and Society. These foundations are shown to be an outgrowth of Mead's early commitment to the organic conception of conduct underlying the psychological functionalism of the Chicago School. Further light is shed upon Mead's position by pointing out the fundamental differences between his model of conduct and that characteristic of the behaviorist tradition in American psychology.

Behaviorism↗
PubMed2006

The neuroscience of affiliation: forging links between basic and clinical research on neuropeptides and social behavior.

Animal studies point to the role of two neuropeptides-oxytocin and vasopressin-in the regulation of affiliative behaviors including mating, pair-bond formation, maternal/parenting behavior, and attachment. These findings may have important implications for understanding and treating clinical disorders marked by social deficits and/or disrupted attachment. This review focuses on advances made to date in the effort to forge links between basic and clinical research in the area of neuropeptides and social behavior. The literature on oxytocin and its involvement in stress response, affiliation, and prosocial behavior is reviewed, and the implications of these findings for such disorders as autism as well as other social and stress-related disorders including social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and some personality disorders are considered. Finally, unresolved issues and directions for future research are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Structural analysis of social behavior as a common metric for programmatic psychopathology and psychotherapy research.

This article describes the use of Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB; L. Benjamin, 1974) as applied to programmatic psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy research. SASB fosters cumulative, theory-driven research by permitting problem-treatment-outcome (PTO) congruence--the conceptualization and measurement of patients' problems, treatment processes, and outcome in a common metric. In this explanation of the principle of PTO congruence, the following are discussed: a general model of interpersonal psychopathology and etiology, SASB-based assessment devices for measuring early history and formulating presenting problems, empirical studies of interpersonal process in therapy, the relationship between manual-guided training and interpersonal process, and the assessment of outcome. A generic interpersonal model of psychotherapy is proposed that theoretically links all of these elements. Finally, the use of these SASB-based models for cross-theory integrative research from a common-factors approach is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Effects of androgens on social behavior and morphology of alternative reproductive males of the Azorean rock-pool blenny.

In the Azorean rock-pool blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis two sequential reproductive tactics occur. Larger and older males establish breeding territories, while some of the smaller males become attached to nest-holder territories, acting as satellites on these territories, which they help to defend while trying parasitic fertilizations when females go in the nests to spawn. In the present paper we tested the effects of the androgens 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) and 11-ketotestosterone (KT) in the expression of male secondary sex characters and bourgeois behavior in satellite males. One week after satellites were implanted with Silastic tubes containing MT, KT, or castor oil (control), androgen-treated satellites had developed male secondary sex traits such as longer and wider male-type genital papilla and anal glands that secrete a sex pheromone, both traits being less expressed or absent, respectively, in satellite males. Androgen treatment had no effect on the gonadosomatic index or on the development of the testicular gland. KT treatment had a positive effect on relative liver weight. In terms of behavior, androgen-implanted individuals were less aggressive both in a mirror test and toward females when these were introduced into their tanks. MT-treated individuals spend more time inside the provided nests. Only androgen-implanted satellites managed to have the females entering their nests. When given a chance in a group tank either to try to attract females to their own nest or to act as satellites of an already established nest-holder's nest, MT-implanted males spent significantly more time in their own nest than near the nest-holder nest. These data suggest that androgens, particularly testosterone, may be involved in mating tactic switching in this species.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Inferring social behavior from sexual dimorphism in the fossil record.

Sexual dimorphism is commonly used as evidence of the behavior of extinct species. Even so, few analyses scrutinize whether extant comparative data support inferences of mating systems or behavior in extinct species. This analysis evaluates the relations between measures of dimorphism and several estimates of mating system and intrasexual competition. Dimorphism alone provides poor resolution for reconstructing behavior. Many behavioral inferences based on perceived dimorphism are not supported by extant comparative data. This reflects the large standard errors of relations between dimorphism estimates and behavioral classifications. Used with caution, dimorphism can provide a hint of the behavior of extinct species in some cases. However, in many cases inferred dimorphism allows little more than an inference of polygyny, without any indication of specific types of mating systems.

Animals↗