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Results for “Sperm Motility”

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PubMed1986

Calcium buffering capacity of human seminal plasma: the role of EGTA in stimulating sperm motility.

The role of EGTA in stimulating human sperm motility (reported in Lancet i: 460-461, 1984) was investigated by measuring the calcium buffering capacity of human seminal plasma. Human seminal plasma contains 9.5 +/- 1.1 mM (mean +/- SE) calcium of which 0.16 +/- 0.01 mM only exists as free Ca2+. The free Ca2+ concentration was not changed by the addition of either 1 mM CaCl2 or 1 mM EGTA. The ability of seminal plasma to bind calcium ions was determined by adding varying amounts of CaCl2. Scatchard analysis of the results indicates the presence of high amounts of high-affinity (Kd1 = 3.4 +/- 0.2 microM, Bm1 = 11.5 +/- 1.5 mM) and low-affinity (Kd2 = 0.55 +/- 0.04 mM, Bm2 = 30.4 +/- 1.7 mM) Ca2+-complexing agents. The low-affinity Ca2+-binding substance may be citrate. These results seem to suggest that human seminal plasma has a high Ca2+ buffering capacity and the stimulation of sperm motility by EGTA ought to be mediated via a mechanism other than the reduction of the free calcium concentration in semen.

Calcium↗

PubMed1993

The effect of relaxin and ubiquitin on sperm motility.

Ubiquitin and relaxin--2 low molecular weight substances--have different effects on sperm motility. These two compounds are not separable by chromatographic procedures. Ubiquitin in different concentrations had no effect on 4 parameters of sperm motility, as evaluated by the Lazymot analyser. However, relaxin at a concentration of 1.99 pmol inhibited all 4 parameters of sperm motility compared with saline, Taumild or ubiquitin.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

A sensitive sperm-motility test for the assessment of cytotoxic effect of pesticides.

A sensitive sperm-motility test for the evaluation of cytotoxic effects of carbofuran and glyphosate in a defined protein-free culture medium is described. The sperm motility was compared to that obtained with a protein-containing medium. The use of protein-free medium considerably increased the sensitivity of sperm cells from rabbit and human to the toxic effects of the pesticide. The respective IC50 values (the concentration needed to cause 50% inhibition of sperm motility) in protein-free medium of carbofuran and glyphosate were 321 and 48.2 microM with human sperm, and 116 and 23.5 microM with rabbit sperm. Whereas, the corresponding values in protein-containing medium were 920 and 740 microM, and 910 and 500 microM with human and rabbit sperm, respectively. Our results show that testing human and rabbit sperm in protein-free medium proves to be a more sensitive method than that in protein-containing medium. Additionally, the use of rabbit sperm is a more sensitive test system than human sperm. This study suggests that the rabbit sperm test appears to have a potential for the assessment of toxicity on human reproduction.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Relationship of seminal plasma level and extender type to sperm motility and DNA integrity.

The relationship between seminal plasma level (0, 10, or 20%) and extender type [Kenney type (EZ-Mixin-CST) or Kenney-modified Tyrodes-KMT] to the susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation and sperm motility measures were investigated in cooled (5 degrees C) stallion sperm. Three ejaculates from each of three fertile stallions were collected in an artificial vagina and processed as follows: diluted one part uncentrifuged semen with four parts of extender to a final concentration of 20% seminal plasma in either CST or KMT (20% CST; 20% KMT); diluted to a final concentration of 25 million sperm/mL in either CST or KMT (10% CST; 10% KMT); centrifuged to remove virtually all seminal plasma and resuspended in either CST or KMT (0% CST-Cent; 0% KMT-Cent); centrifuged semen to remove virtually all seminal plasma and resuspended with previously filtered seminal plasma from the same stallion in either CST or KMT to a final concentration of 20% seminal plasma (20% CST-Cent; 20% KMT-Cent). Sperm motion characteristics were determined by CASA and DNA integrity (%COMP, percent of cells outside the main population) evaluated by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay prior to cooling, and after 24 and 48 h cooled-storage at 5 degrees C. After 48 h of storage at 5 degrees C, extenders with 0% seminal plasma (0% CST-Cent, 0% KMT-Cent) maintained highest quality DNA (P < 0.05), but 0% KMT-Cent maintained higher velocity measures (P < 0.05) than 0% CST-Cent. Total sperm motility was highest (P < 0.05) in 0% CST-Cent, 0% KMT-Cent, 10% CST, 20% CST-Cent, and 20% CST compared to the other treatment groups. Progressive sperm motility was highest (P < 0.05) after 48 h of storage in the treatment with 10% seminal plasma in Kenney extender (10% CST), despite a reduction in DNA integrity. Regardless of extender type, addition of 20% seminal plasma following centrifugation resulted in almost a two-fold increase in %COMP(alpha t), even though one of the treatments (20% CST-Cent) maintained total and progressive motility similar to treatments with no seminal plasma, suggesting that sperm motility and DNA integrity may respond independently to environmental conditions. Overall, better quality sperm features (motility and DNA) were maintained in sperm from which seminal plasma was removed followed by resuspension in either Kenney extender or modified Kenney Tyrodes-type extender.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To test the ability of antioxidants to reduce the loss of sperm motility caused by reactive oxygen species generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML). DESIGN: Standardized preparations of leukocyte-contaminated semen were created by suspending known concentrations of purified spermatozoa and PML in seminal plasma. After the stimulation of reactive oxygen species generation with phorbol ester, the spermatozoa were washed and incubated in culture medium before an analysis of their movement. The ability of antioxidants to counteract the free radical-induced loss of sperm motility observed under these circumstances was assessed. SETTING: An institutional research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: The semen was obtained from normal volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: The following were tested: vitamins C and E, dimethylsulfoxide, catalase, hypotaurine, N-acetylcysteine, and reduced glutathione. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reactive oxygen species generation was monitored by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Sperm motility was assessed manually and by computer-aided semen analysis. RESULTS: Consistent impairment of sperm motility and average path velocity was observed in the presence of activated PML. This effect was reduced by the concomitant presence of glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, hypotaurine, and catalase. CONCLUSION: Antioxidants can protect against the damaging effect of leukocyte-derived reactive oxygen species on sperm movement and may be of clinical value in assisted conception procedures.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1998

Influence of different uropathogenic microorganisms on human sperm motility parameters in an in vitro experiment.

The influence of different uropathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Candida albicans) on human sperm motility was studied in vitro with a computer-assisted sperm analyser (CASA). Native ejaculates were prepared with the swim-up technique and adjusted to 22 x 10(6) spermatozoa ml-1. The sperm suspension was artificially infected with microorganisms in concentrations varying from 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(7). Sperm motility was examined directly after incubation, 2, 4 and 6 h later using the Mika motion analysis, a computer-based, automatic motility analysis. Former results with E. coli (serotype 06) could be confirmed that a significant inhibitory effect on sperm motility was associated with bacterial growth. Experiments with the enterococcus strain and Staphylococcus saprophyticus indicated no significant influence on sperm motility parameters. Tests with Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a decrease of progressive motility according to time, but not to different bacterial concentrations. A significant inhibitory effect of Candida albicans was only detected in the samples with the initial bacterial concentration of 2 x 10(7) microorganisms ml-1.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1996

Variation in recovery of motile sperm after preparation by a simple Percoll gradient technique.

PURPOSE: Numerous techniques have been used to prepare sperm for assisted reproduction technology. Density-gradient centrifugation with Percoll is becoming a method of choice. This study reviewed the results of a simple two-layer discontinuous Percoll gradient. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively results obtained from 208 semen specimens prepared for in vitro fertilization by a discontinuous Percoll gradient. RESULTS: Overall results (mean +/- SD) were a recovery of 21 +/- 16% of total sperm, recovery of 38 +/- 30% of motile sperm, and a motility in the final sperm preparation of 88 +/- 10%. Specimens with higher initial concentrations had higher motility in the final preparation. Higher total recovery and higher motility in the final preparation were found for specimens with a higher initial motility. CONCLUSIONS: This simple two-layer Percoll technique is rapid and inexpensive and reliably produces a final sperm preparation with desirable characteristics. Even though specimens with poor initial parameters yielded final preparations with excellent characteristics, fertilization rates were still related to the initial semen parameters.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed2001

Effect of endotoxin-induced reactive oxygen species on sperm motility.

OBJECTIVE: To define the mechanism of infection-induced damage of sperm. DESIGN: The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sperm motility and its modification by scavengers were investigated. SETTING: Research laboratory of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Normozoospermic semen samples were obtained from 37 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTION(S): The sperms were incubated in the presence of LPS with or without scavengers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm motility was evaluated by a sperm quality analyzer (SQAIIB). ROS formation in semen samples was measured by a Berthold luminometer (LB953). RESULT(S): Motility of spermatozoa was decreased in the LPS-treated samples compared with that in the control groups. ROS was significantly higher in the LPS-treated groups than in the control groups. The addition of ROS scavengers restored the motility index and suppressed ROS production in the LPS-treated semen samples. CONCLUSION(S): These data suggest that endotoxin-induced excessive production of ROS is responsible for the decrease in sperm motility and that antioxidant therapy may be a therapeutic option for infertile men with bacterial genital tract infection.

Endotoxins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect on prostaglandin F 2 alpha on sperm motility in vitro.

The effect of prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on sperm motility in ejaculates from 53 subfertile men was investigated. The addition of PGF2 alpha in a concentration of 25 00 ng/ml isotonic salt solution to sperm samples resulted in a highly significant (p less than 0.025) increase in sperm motility; however, only two out of three samples responded in this way, the remainder being unaffected. Mean progressive sperm motility in responders increased by 32.8% of baseline value (determined 2h after liquefaction). In higher concentrations (25 000 ng/ml aliquots), PGF2 alpha was ineffective.

Dinoprost↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Trichomonas vaginalis: preliminary characterization of a sperm motility inhibiting factor.

This study determined the effects of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites, subcellular fractions, and medium from axenic T. vaginalis cultures on human sperm motility and viability. Spent medium (pH 7.0) caused complete cessation of sperm motility after 15 minutes incubation. Trophozoite soluble fraction or formalin-killed trophozoites caused a 50 percent reduction in sperm motility, compared to 25 percent reduction caused by the trophozoite particulate fraction or the sterile medium and three percent by saline (control). Spent medium from T. vaginalis cultures reaching stationary growth phase produced the greatest reduction in sperm motility, suggesting that potency was related to time in culture and trophozoites per ml. The T. vaginalis spermicidal activity was heat-stable, trypsin-sensitive, and had a molecular weight of 12-15,000 by gel filtration. This proteinaceous substance was present in and secreted by T. vaginalis trophozoites during normal growth in axenic culture. Since this T. vaginalis byproduct rapidly killed sperm in vitro, its effects in humans may contribute to infertility in infected couples.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2002

Reduction in the level of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1) is associated with loss of sperm motility.

Hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1) was reported to be present on human sperm surface and its involvement in fertilization has already been elucidated (Mol. Repro. Dev. 38 (1994) 69). In the present communication, we report a significant reduction in the level of this protein in sperms from asthenozoospermic and oligozoospermic patients as compared to normozoospermic one. Further evidence of the absence of HABP1 in sperms, having motility <20% is documented, which again is a determining factor for fertilization. HABP1 was quantitatively determined using anti-HABP1 antibody from sperm extracts isolated from semen samples of both the fertile and infertile groups demonstrating low sperm motility. Sperm samples with low motility revealed a significant reduction in the level of HABP1 in immunoblot detection as well as immunolocalization experiment. It suggests that decreased HABP1 level may be associated with low motility of sperms, which in turn might cause infertility in the patient. Thus, the sperm surface HABP1 level can be correlated with the degree of sperm motility, an important criteria for fertilization.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed2000

Sperm motility index: a quick screening parameter from sperm quality analyser-IIB to rule out oligo- and asthenozoospermia in male fertility study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm quality analyser (SQA)-IIB, a new automated sperm analyser, and to compare its results with those obtained with a method based on the World Health Organization recommendations. Eighty-nine unprocessed semen samples and 53 selected sperm suspensions were analysed. Concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated using the routine laboratory method. The SQA-IIB measured the sperm motility index (SMI) and estimated the previously mentioned parameters. In the imprecision assay a maximal coefficient of variation (CV) of 18.8% was found. A semen sample with immunological factor showed a CV of 75.75%, which invalidates its use for these types of samples. A good correlation was obtained between SMI and concentration of progressively motile spermatozoa (CPMS) (r = 0.87), and a fair correlation with the other parameters. There was no statistically significant correlation between both methods for normal sperm morphology. The sensitivity and specificity of the SMI test in relation to CPMS were 96 and 84% respectively, for an SMI threshold value of 160. The results obtained make the SQA-IIB a good screening test to rule out oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia when studying the male factor in the sterility outpatient clinics. However, the results suggested that it is not a valid method to evaluate morphology.

Automation↗

PubMed1980

The effect of hydroxyurea and mitomycin C on sperm motility in mice.

The mutagen, mitomycin C, and the teratogen, hydroxyurea, were found to decrease sperm motility in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Positive results with these compounds suggest that sperm motility may have been decreased through either mutations or developmental disturbances. Sperm motility can be determined quickly and may be done in conjunction with a sperm-morphology assay.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The effects of melatonin on sperm motility in vitro in Wistar rats.

The effects of physiological concentrations of melatonin on motility of spermatozoa from Wistar rats were assessed in vitro. Melatonin had dose-dependent negative effects on sperm forward progression, the quality of sperm motility and on a sperm motility index. Some, but not all of these effects were due to ethanol (0.5% final concentration) which was used as a solvent for melatonin. Addition of ethanol to the incubation medium altered the pH, and increased pH had a significant negative effect on all aspects of sperm motility. Finally, the overlay of oil, which is a routine part of many sperm culture systems, had an ameliorating effect that was probably because of the lipophilic nature of melatonin.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Action of different components of the kallikrein kinin-system on sperm motility in vitro (author's transl)].

In vitro experiments with human semen showed a significant increase of quantitative and qualitative sperm motility after addition of kallikrein at concentrations of 1 KU/ml. Stimulation of sperm motility was further increased and extended by addition of human serum as a source of kininogen. Kinins added directly also showed enhancement of sperm motility. In contrast, carboxypeptidase B, a kininase, significantly reduced sperm motility. The physiological and therapeutical aspects of these results are discussed.

Aprotinin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a sealed mini-chamber to investigate human sperm motility in real time under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

To study the correlation between metabolism and motility, ejaculated human spermatozoa were washed in media containing glucose, pyruvate, and deoxyglucose in various combinations. Spermatozoa suspended in these media were incubated in sealed mini-chambers and subjected to aerobic or anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C. The effect on the patterns of sperm motility was investigated in real time by direct observation and objective determination with the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method. The motility of spermatozoa incubated in media containing excess of glucose showed similar changes of motility quality with time, whether exposed to aerobic or anaerobic conditions, and in both cases motility lasted about 13 h. Motility of sperm incubated with pyruvate only was of a much lower quality, especially under anaerobic conditions, and in both circumstances lasted about 7 h. When glycolysis of fructose remnants was totally inhibited by deoxyglucose and sperm were incubated with pyruvate only, motility lasted for 2 h under aerobic conditions and only for about 1 h under anaerobic conditions. It is concluded that the main metabolic process that supplies energy for sperm motility is glycolysis, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxidative respiration was less efficient as a source of energy for sperm motility. When glycolysis was inhibited and oxidative respiration was eliminated under anaerobic conditions, sperm motility lasted only for about 1 h, probably by using intracellular energy reserves.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed2001

A sperm ion channel required for sperm motility and male fertility.

Calcium and cyclic nucleotides have crucial roles in mammalian fertilization, but the molecules comprising the Ca2+-permeation pathway in sperm motility are poorly understood. Here we describe a putative sperm cation channel, CatSper, whose amino-acid sequence most closely resembles a single, six-transmembrane-spanning repeat of the voltage-dependent Ca2+-channel four-repeat structure. CatSper is located specifically in the principal piece of the sperm tail. Targeted disruption of the gene results in male sterility in otherwise normal mice. Sperm motility is decreased markedly in CatSper-/- mice, and CatSper-/- sperm are unable to fertilize intact eggs. In addition, the cyclic-AMP-induced Ca2+ influx is abolished in the sperm of mutant mice. CatSper is thus vital to cAMP-mediated Ca2+ influx in sperm, sperm motility and fertilization. CatSper represents an excellent target for non-hormonal contraceptives for both men and women.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2003

Effects of vomeronasal organ removal on the sperm motility in male mice.

Odors play important roles in the communication of house mice. They release behaviors and prime changes of the physiological conditions of other individuals. In our previous study, we showed that sperm motility was lowered in the subordinate mice comparing with dominant mice. Our hypothesis is that the lowered sperm motility was due to some primer effects by odor substances derived from dominant mice. To test the hypothesis, we destroyed the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of male mice (VNX male) at 5 weeks of age and paired them with intact male mice (Experimental Group). As control group males, intact male mice were kept in pairs (Control Group). At 15 weeks of age, the sperm motility and weights of reproductive organs, and social dominance was analyzed. The subordinate VNX males were found to have high sperm motility comparable to the dominant males. It was suggested that there is male-to-male primer effects, mediated by VNO, that suppress sperm motility of the subordinate mice.

Analysis of Variance↗