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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

A comparison of dorsal and volar resting hand splints in the reduction of hypertonus.

Ten adults with hypertonic wrist flexors volunteered as subjects in an experiment comparing the effectiveness of dorsal and volar resting hand splints in the reduction of abnormal muscle tone. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of five each. Individuals in one group were fitted with dorsal splints, and individuals in a second group with volar splints. Measurements by spring-weighted scales were taken to assess the efficiency of each splint design in the reduction of hypertonus. Results demonstrated no significant differences between the volar and dorsal splints in reducing hypertonus. However, the age of the subjects was found to be an intervening variable: The older subjects of both groups demonstrated a gradual but not significant decline in hypertonus, whereas the younger adults demonstrated a significant decline in hypertonus over a 6-week period.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber sport splint.

Athletic hand and wrist injuries may be treated by immobilizing the affected extremity in a rigid splint to protect the injury site for an extended time period. For athletes, this means a reduction in playing time, perhaps being out for an entire playing season. The use of a room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber compound allows for a playing splint that complies with athletic regulations. Proper application of the room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber provides an excellent, reliable protective playing splint allowing for safe, functional athletic performance for the injured player during the game. This article describes the fabrication process of a silicone rubber protective playing splint for athletic hand and wrist injuries. The effectiveness of the silicone rubber protective playing splint is illustrated via case studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Patient preference between visible light-cured and heat-cured acrylic splints.

PURPOSE: To compare the advantages/disadvantages concerning patient subjective preferences of splints made with heat-cured acrylic (Splint Resin Polymer) or visible light-cured material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed assessing: comfort, stability, fit, taste, occlusal contacts, lip seal, smoothness, hygiene, color stability, stain resistance, salivation level, gingival irritation, bulkiness and odor. 10 patients already treatment planned to receive splints, were chosen at random from the dental school. Splints made from the two types of materials were delivered to each patient to be used for 3 wks. The material to initially be used was chosen at random and the questionnaire was answered after each 3-wk period. RESULTS: The MacNemar's Chi-square test revealed that there was no statistical difference in patient preference between the two splint materials.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1998

[Biomechanical analysis of occlusal splint therapy].

OBJECTIVE: The changes of the location and force of the condyle influenced by occlusal splint were investigated in order to know the biomechanical mechanism of occlusal splint therapy. METHODS: Auto-CAD technology, CT scanning, computer imaging analysis measurement and finite element method were separately used to comparatively analyze condylar position and its stress distribution in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) treated with or without occlusal splint. RESULTS: Occlusal splint could lessen anterior space, in crease posterior and upper space in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), so the condylar position move anterioinferiorly; the stress on condylar surface was lowered, mainly in anterior oblique surface or lateral side of condylar loading position; and the stress symmetry was bilaterally improved. OCCLUSION: The study suggests that regulating condylar position and improving the stress distribution is considered one of biomechanical mechanism of occlusal splint treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Effects of the occlusal splint on stress distribution of the mandible with temporomandibular joint disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical mechanism of occlusal splint therapy of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). METHODS: The changes of stress distribution on the mandible with TMD before and after occlusal splint therapy were simulated and analyzed by three-dimensional finite element method. RESULTS: Occlusal splint influenced the character of stress distribution on the mandible. It might distinctly decrease maximum and minimum principal stresses on each region of the mandible with TMD, among which the stress on condylar surface of ill side was reduced more significantly, and the stress distribution of bilateral condyles was close to equality and balance. Meanwhile, the stress symmetry on every position of the mandible was improved slightly. CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal splint can alleviate even eliminate the injury to the temporomandibular joint, and make unbalance of joint inner environment adjusted and restored by improving the stress distribution. This is primarily thought to be one of the main biomechanical mechanism of occlusal splint treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hand splints on stereotypic hand behavior in Rett's syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hand splints and one elbow restraint on persistent stereotypic hand movements of four girls with Rett's syndrome. Among the most characteristic features of Rett's syndrome are stereotypic hand wringing and loss of previously acquired functional hand skills. Hand splints and one elbow restraint were used in this study. The subject's stereotypic hand behavior and functional hand use were calculated from five-minute segmental video tape recordings. The study consisted of three phases: baseline, intervention, and withdrawal. All subjects demonstrated a decrease in stereotypic hand behavior after the application of hand splints. Although splints showed a positive effect on hand movements in Rett's syndrome, they could also lead to other, undesirable, movements. Whether splints have a positive effect on the functional use of the hand should be investigated in more subjects.

Child↗

PubMed2003

Influence of occlusal stabilization splint on the asymmetric activity of masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the symmetry of masticatory muscles' activity at various clenching levels in the intercuspal position in patients with functional disorders and in healthy subjects. The purpose was also to determine the effect of full-arch maxillary stabilization splint on the asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. In this study 6 TMD patients and 12 healthy subjects were investigated. Surface EMG recordings were obtained from left and right anterior temporal, left and right masseter and from the sub-mandibular group in the region of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle on the left and right side during clenching with the maximum 100% voluntary contraction (MVC) as well as during clenching at 50% and 25% of the maximum activity in the position of maximal intercuspation of teeth. In order to quantify asymmetrical masticatory muscle activity, the asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for each subject and for each muscle from the average anterior temporal, masseter and digastric potentials recorded during each test (100% MVC, 50% MVC and 25% MVC). In the group of patients EMG recordings were repeated during and after the splint therapy. The asymmetries of masticatory muscle activity was present in both groups, but in the group of TMD patients the asymmetry indices for anterior temporal muscle at 100% MVC (p = 0.049) and 50% MVC (p = 0.031) were significantly higher. Results have shown that the use of splint suppressed the asymmetry of all muscles, as during the splint therapy the asymmetry indices were lowered. After the therapy, the level of temporal muscle symmetry during submaximal clenching in the intercuspal position increased significantly (p = 0.046). This investigation points out that electromyography may be a valuable method of documenting that asymmetric activity of masticatory muscles improves after occlusal splint therapy in patients with TMD.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Mandibular alveolar ridge extension method using a surgical splint with porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles.

The mandibular alveolar ridge extension method is a surgical technique to extend the alveolar ridge up to the required level. Using a surgical splint prepared to meet the clinical requirements establishes the desirable alveolar ridge extension with porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles. Before the operation, a working cast of the extremely resorpted mandibular alveolar ridge is remodeled into its desired shape with paraffin wax, and the extended surgical splint is cured by clear acrylic resin. After subperiosteal tunnel dissection, the surgical splint is fixed to the mandible with circummandibular ligatures; then the HAP particles are injected into the tunnel. After healing, a treatment denture is cured between the artificial dentition and the surgical splint with self curing resin. In this method, the HAP particles are injected into the subperiosteal tunnel that is created between the surface of alveolar bone and the periosteum covered by the surgical splint; the migration of HAP particles completes the extension of the alveoral ridge.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lateral rotation splinting on lower extremity bone growth: an in vivo study in rabbits.

To study the effect of lateral splinting on limb development, 14 immature rabbit femurs and tibias were marked with six parallel pins. Of these, the lower limbs of seven rabbits were splinted in lateral rotation for 3 weeks (1-year human equivalent). The static position of the foot in the splinted group was 23 degrees more lateral (p greater than 0.05) than in the control group. No significant difference was found in the axial alignment of the pins across the growth plate or diaphyses between the splinted or control groups. This study suggests that night splinting alters the joint relationships and not the shape of the femur or tibia.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Carpal tunnel syndrome: objective measures and splint use.

One hundred five adults with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were studied to assess the efficacy of a neutral-angle wrist splint, and to identify criteria for splint referral. Ten observations before and after treatment were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. After splint use, 67% of the subjects reported symptom relief. T-test comparison of sensory latency of values before and after treatment indicated improvement for the total group. Chi-square and t-tests failed to reveal significant differences between relief and no-relief groups for gender, affected hand, presence of concomitant conditions, duration of symptoms before treatment, age, length of time between pretreatment and posttreatment nerve conduction testing, initial nerve latency of motor and sensory fibers, or the difference between pretreatment and posttreatment sensory latencies. A significant difference was found for motor latency; the relief group improved and the no-relief group deteriorated. Data suggest that splinting is most effective if applied within three months of symptom onset. Those with damage to the wrist structures or median nerve were least responsive to splinting.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Long-term splinting of a traumatic upper permanent incisor with root fracture: report of a case].

Splinting was administered in a case of a traumatic upper right permanent incisor with root fracture. The patient was a boy, 11 years and 10 months old. The radiographical examination indicated that the injured tooth, that had already completed the apical growth, fractured horizontally at the middle 1/3 part of root. Clinical findings showed severe mobility of the coronal fragment of the injured tooth and a small amount of bleeding from the gingival sulcus, but there was almost no disposition of the coronal fragment and it was found to be vital in the electric pulp test. Immobilizing the coronal fragment of the injured tooth with the resin splint bonded directly to the tooth surfaces was prescribed. After 31 months, the pulp of the injured tooth remained vital, and after the elimination of the line of fracture and no symptoms of ankylosis were radiographically confirmed, the splint was then removed. From the case reported above the following implications were obtained: Although the previous investigators reported that the term of splinting teeth with root fractures was for 2-3 months, and prognosis of the injured teeth with root fractures having severe mobility of the coronal segments might be unfavorable, it was also indicated that the healing process by calcification might be possible with the use of long term splinting, as the pulp remained vital. In this case, it was found that the repair by calcification appeared initially on the proximate portion of the pulp at the fractured line, and slowly proceeded into the direction of the site of the outer surface of the root along the fractured line.

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Biomechanically optimized construction of occlusal splints and subjective evaluation by probands].

In a double blind study twelve class I probands received occlusal splints with six different customized anterior guidances. The subjective feelings were rated using a psychologic scale. It was shown, that splints with a large "a" were better rated than splints with a small "a". "a" is the radius of the maximal curvature of the sagittal anterior tooth curvature. The transition between positive and negative ratings was very sharp and localized at the individual "a". These results suggest that occlusal splints can be optimized by including customized anterior guidances. A detailed technical description of the manufacturing of these splints is given.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1990

Postoperative splinting of the pediatric upper extremity.

The protective splint described above provides appropriate immobilization and protection for our postoperative pediatric population. The major advantages of this splint over plaster of paris include direct access to the wound, easy reapplication, and unnecessary use of the plaster-cast saw. In addition, thermoplastic splints are lightweight, less bulky, more durable, water-resistant, and easily remolded. The therapist's approach to the patient and parents is of utmost importance and will affect the outcome of the splint. In conclusion, postoperative pediatric splinting can be a challenging experience that requires a significant amount of patience, knowledge, and creativity on the part of the hand therapist.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Application of occlusal splint for the patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. An application of silane coupling treatment: a case report].

The bite plane therapy has been one of the most useful treatment methods for patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. But the bite plane usually causes esthetic and articulation disturbances and it is occasionally difficult to use during mastication. The authors have fabricated a new type of bite plane, named occlusal splints, which covers each side of the premolars and molars. The occlusal splint was constructed by a hard-resin for the occlusal part and cast clasps for the retentive part and these parts were adhered after a pre-treatment of metal by the use of a silane coupling agent (Silicoater system). The patient was a 35 year-old man, with a chief complaint of left side reciprocal TMJ clicking. The anterior repositioning type of bite plane was applied for the treatment with the diagnosis of anterior disk displacement with reduction. But he complained of esthetic and articulation disturbances especially during working and eating. After four months we fabricated an occlusal splint that can be used for a long period of time. The patient was satisfied to use this occlusal splint and no symptoms of TMJ dysfunction were found with this appliance. It is suggested that the occlusal splint consisting of a hard-resin and cast clasps is a useful appliance especially for the purpose of use during working and eating, and for evaluating the properness of mandibular position.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A new method of dental splinting].

A wire splint and the technique of its application for jaw immobilization is described. Stainless steel wires 0.7 to 1 mm in diameter are used to form the smooth and looplike parts applied to dentition in such a manner that loops be located closer to gingival margin and smooth part be situated in the vicinity of incisive margins of the teeth. Usually, the smooth part is an extension of looplike part of the splint and serves to embrace the lateral teeth into the splint. Both ends of the smooth part can be twisted together. The results of clinical application of the splint are compared to most common techniques and suggest major advantages of the novel splint.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed1983

Splint therapy for trigger finger in children.

During the last 9 years, 83 trigger digits in 65 children were treated using a modified coil spring splint which maintains the interphalangeal (IP) joint in neutral extension or hyperextension. Sixty-two digits (75%) were completely healed following splint therapy alone, after an average period of splinting for 9.4 months. Eight digits which did not improve with splinting were surgically treated. Splint therapy to maintain the IP joint in neutral extension or hyperextension proved markedly effective in our series.

Child↗

PubMed1995

A randomized clinical trial of intraoral soft splints and palliative treatment for masticatory muscle pain.

Thirty subjects seeking treatment for masticatory muscle pain at a university-based TMJ clinic were randomly assigned to soft-splint, palliative-treatment, and no-treatment groups. After 4 to 11 weeks of treatment, subjects were evaluated for changes from their baseline levels of symptoms, maximum pain-free opening, pain thresholds measured by a pressure algometer, and occlusal contacts. With the use of the multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, the results suggest that the soft-splint group had statistically significant improvement (P < .01), the palliative-treatment group had improvement that was not statistically significant, and the no-treatment group had a slight aggravation of symptoms. The soft-splint group had fewer occlusal contact changes assessed with shimstock compared to the palliative-treatment and no-treatment groups. The findings of this study suggest that the soft splint is an effective short-term treatment for reducing the signs and symptoms of masticatory muscle pain in patients, and the soft splint does not cause occlusal changes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Retention of teeth with reduced root length through use of a resin-bonded splint: a case report.

Orthodontic relapse and tooth migration are commonly observed in patients with severe postorthodontic root resorption. If conventional removable retention is not adequate, fixed splint retention is necessary. Proponents of flexible splints suggest that the difference in mobility between natural teeth and the rigid systems is responsible for the loss of cement seal in the rigid systems. Proponents of rigid splints suggest that the flexibility that allows physiologic movement of the teeth also contributes to fatigue and subsequent failure of the material in the flexible splint systems. A clinical technique for increasing retention, consequently improving the prognosis of a resin-bonded fixed splint, is described.

Adolescent↗