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Results for “Subcutaneous Emphysema”

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PubMed1992

Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema associated with temporomandibular joint surgery.

Pneumomediastinum may occur as a result of trauma or surgery of the head and neck. It has been reported in association with various dental procedures and with a variety of maxillofacial surgical procedures. However, this potentially life-threatening problem has not previously been reported in association with temporomandibular joint surgery. This report reviews two cases of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema occurring in association with temporomandibular joint surgery and presents an overview of the dental and medical literature concerning this phenomenon occurring in association with injuries and treatment of the maxillofacial complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema of the face associated with paranasal sinus fractures: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report was to review and analyze the epidemiologic features of traumatic subcutaneous emphysema (TSE) originating from frontal, nasoethmoidal, and maxillary facial injuries with sinusal involvement in the emergency room setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with a fracture involving the paranasal sinuses were evaluated with regard to TSE occurrence. Data analysis extended to gender, age, etiology, fracture sites, TSE location, sinus involvement, treatment, and complications from April 1999 to December 2003. Evaluation methods included computed tomography scan and clinical evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 390 patients sustaining 458 paranasal sinus fractures were included. TSE was observed in 29 patients (7.43%) patients (male-female ratio of 3.83:1, with a mean age of 36.71 +/- 15.71 years). The main etiologies were vehicle accidents and assaults. Isolated maxillary sinuses fractures were found in 17 cases (58.62%). Ethmoidal and maxillary fractures were associated with 9 cases (31.03%), and 1 (3.45%) case had maxillary and frontal fractures together. Ethmoidal, maxillary, and frontal fractures were found concomitantly in 2 (6.90%) cases. Periorbital emphysema was the most prevalent site of presentation, and edema (86.21%) and bone deformities (79.31%) were the most frequent findings associated with TSE. Conservative treatment was the prevalent treatment choice (55.17%), and 1 complication because of persistent pain was noted. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that TSE of the face associated with paranasal sinus fractures maintained the clinical features of its fractures of origin. The ethmoidal sinuses were considered as the most prevalent etiologic site, and the periorbital region was responsible for addressing the higher incidence of SE following paranasal sinus fractures.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Onset of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after tonsillectomy: a case report.

Several complications can be related to surgical approaches of head and neck regions. Among those, there are rare conditions such as pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous cervical emphysema. This study reports a case of a patient that developed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema after undergoing tonsillectomy. In order to reduce these complications in surgical approaches such as tonsillectomy, care should be taken with intubation, use of oxygen mask for positive pressure ventilation during anesthesia recovery, aggressive surgical maneuvers and use of surgical instruments that may cause deep tonsillar injuries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of unipolar pacemaker secondary to subcutaneous emphysema.

Failure of a pacemaker to capture may be related to several factors. This report describes a case with loss of capture of a unipolar pacemaker following the development of subcutaneous emphysema. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment options include tube thoracostomy, pressure dressing, aspiration of air or fluid from the pocket, or insertion at a new site.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A rare symptom of peptic ulcer perforation: subcutaneous emphysema].

The authors describe a 50-year-old man who was hospitalized on account of one-week increasing epigastric pain with marked regression several hours after admission. The revealed small subcutaneous emphysema near the umbilicus directed the diagnostic procedure and led to detection of a covered perforation of a peptic prepyloric ulcer.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Subcutaneous emphysema in gastrointestinal tract perforation].

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to retroperitoneal abscess formation. Clinical signs and symptoms are often non-characteristic. In undetected cases the first sign of perforation may be subcutaneous emphysema. The place where this first appears correlates with the localization of the perforation. The pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical features are discussed, with reference to a case report.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax following endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a commonly performed procedure for recurrent stones and retained stones in the common bile duct. This procedure, however, has significant morbidity and mortality. A complication, which appears to be unique, of endoscopic sphincterotomy leading to a right pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema is reported.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1997

[Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Description of a clinical case].

In laparoscopic surgery CO2 is insuffled under positive pressure in the peritoneum; this step has anesthesiological implications because of potential complications. A case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax occurred in a patient who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and whose history was meaningless for lung pathologies is reported. The role of CO2, of the pressure in the abdominal cavity, of N2O and other possible causes of this complication are discussed. The authors emphasize the importance and the need of continuous monitoring to reduce perioperative morbidity and to avoid major complications in the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pneumothorax masked by subcutaneous emphysema after laparoscopic nephrectomy.

An 81-year-old man with an enhancing upper-pole renal mass underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy via a retroperitoneal approach. Postoperatively, his systolic blood pressure declined to 72 mm Hg, and arterial blood gas analysis suggested acute respiratory acidosis. Chest radiography suggested subcutaneous emphysema, but a CT scan showed tension pneumothorax. This case illustrates the difficulties in interpretation of chest films caused by the subcutaneous air that is routinely present after laparoscopic procedures.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after translaryngeal jet ventilation].

The use of emergency transtracheal jet ventilation in a 62 year-old female with laryngeal papillomatosis and respiratory distress is reported. Adequate ventilation of the lungs with an intermittent jet of oxygen under high pressure (5 bar) allowed anaesthesia and surgery to be carried out. Pathogenesis of the mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema discovered at the end of the procedure is discussed.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous emphysema: an uncommon presentation of enterocutaneous fistula.

Patients with advanced cancer often develop enterocutaneous fistulae. The enterocutaneous fistulae usually develop from gastrointestinal malignancies. We describe a case report of a patient with schwannoma of the ovarian cyst wall who developed enterocutaneous fistula but presented with subcutaneous emphysema.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subatmospheric oxygen therapy complicating subcutaneous emphysema.

An infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, excessive pulmonary blood flow, and tachypnea was placed on subatmospheric oxygen (supplemental nitrogen) to increase pulmonary vascular resistance and decrease pulmonary blood flow. His cardiorespiratory status stabilized without mechanical ventilation, but 2 weeks later he developed spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema. The emphysema worsened over approximately 1 month. During this time his left-to-right shunt gradually decreased, and he was weaned to room air. Even without the use of supplemental oxygen the emphysema resolved without complication, and the patient underwent successful orthotopic heart transplantation at 65 days of age.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Nitrous oxide administration in the presence of subcutaneous emphysema: an experimental model.

Adverse effects may occur when patients with air in the pleural space or in the cerebral ventricles breathe nitrous oxide. We developed an animal model to learn whether similar adverse effects are associated with the inhalation of nitrous oxide when air is present in the subcutaneous space. We induced extensive subcutaneous emphysema in swine and measured oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in systemic arterial and mixed venous blood; cardiac output; intravascular, airway, and pre-sternal subcutaneous pressures; total pulmonary-thoracic static compliance; and thoracic girth before and after a 45 minute period of breathing 75 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen. Cardiac output decreased from 3.13 +/- 0.51 l/min to 2.40 +/- 0.62 l/min (p less than 0.05); no other values changed significantly. No significant adverse cardiorespiratory effects resulted from the transfer of inhaled nitrous oxide to the subcutaneous space in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Subcutaneous emphysema complicating laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

Laparoscopy using carbon dioxide has been a standard gynecological procedure for many years. During the past 3 years, it has become commonly used in general surgery as well. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rapidly spreading world-wide. Although minor and major complications have been attributed to this procedure, their frequency is low. We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Right arm pyomyositis and necrotizing fasciitis complicated with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a patient with diabetes mellitus and iatrogenic Cushing syndrome.

We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum secondary to pyomyositis and necrotizing fasciitis over the right arm of a woman with underlying diabetes mellitus and iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Gas produced by the culprit pathogen extensively dissected the subcutaneous fat and fascia of the patient's right arm and distantly spread to her face, neck, back, and thoracic wall and penetrated the soft tissue cephalically bordering her sternum, resulting in pneumomediastinum. The patient improved-with antimicrobial therapy and localized debridement and fasciotomy over her right arm.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗