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Results for “Tooth Avulsion”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Vitality of human lip fibroblasts in milk, Hanks balanced salt solution and Viaspan storage media.

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of storage in milk, Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) and Viaspan on the vitality of human lip fibroblasts. Confluent monolayers of the fibroblasts were grown in petri dishes. The growth medium was poured off and replaced in 27 dishes each with Viaspan, fresh whole milk and Hanks balanced salt solution respectively. Three of the original plates were analyzed at time zero to obtain the average number of cells each plate contained at confluence. At times ranging from 2 to 168 hours the average number of vital cells remaining was measured using the trypan blue exclusion test. The groups stored in milk maintained a high percentage of vital cells for 6 hours (68.2%). At 12 hours milk's effectiveness had dropped to 43.4% vital cells and it was not effective at all at 48 hours (0.024% vital cells). H.B.S.S. was extremely effective for 24 hours with 71.3% vital cells remaining. At 48 hours, the percentage of vital cells dropped to 38.0% and by 120 hours no cells survived. Viaspan was the most effective storage medium at all observation periods and at 168 hours still had 37.6% vital cells present.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1991

Effect of luxation injuries on permanent teeth.

Trauma to the supporting tissues of the teeth are among the most common dental injuries, leading to such complications as pulp canal obliteration, necrosis and root resorption. The aim of this investigation was to study the outcome for young permanent teeth subjected to luxation injuries. From 108 dental records 171 teeth with injuries to the supporting tissue were selected. The material comprised 130 subluxated, 15 extruded, 9 intruded, 15 exarticulated and 6 laterally luxated teeth in children aged 6-19 years. Apart from luxation, 59 teeth (35%) had additional crown and root fractures. 65% of the teeth recovered without complications. 78% of the subluxated teeth and 24% of the luxated teeth showed uneventful posttraumatic healing. Concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures or root fractures without displacement of the coronal fragment did not interfere with the healing. Of 60 teeth with healing complications, 52 (87%) were subsequently recorded as healed, the remaining 8 were extracted or had progressive root resorption. Loss of pulp vitality and external root resorptions were the most often recorded complications (28% and 17% of the total material respectively). Pulp canal obliteration was noted in 3% of the cases. Extent of injury and degree of tooth maturity were found to be related to healing complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Dental trauma in children: a survey.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the type and prevalence of injuries presenting to the pediatric dental service of the Child Nat Med Ctr. During the 12 months survey, 227 patients presented. This patient group consisted of 159 males (M) and 68 females (F) (2.34 M to 1.0 F); 96 (62 M, 34 F) were less than 5 y age; 85 (64 M, 21 F) were 5 to 12 y age; 46 (33 M, 13 F) were greater than or equal to 13 y age. The leading cause of injury was falls (105/227; 46%). Approx 50% (115/227) of the injuries occurred between May and September; 132 children sustained soft tissue injury (88 intraoral; 20 extraoral; 24 intra and extraoral); 61 permanent teeth were fractured in 44 children; 36 primary teeth were fractured in 31; 133 permanent teeth in 63 and 148 primary teeth in 79 patients sustained a displacement type of injury; 13 presented with an alveolar fracture. These observations extend earlier information regarding the epidemiology of dental injuries in childhood.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1992

Effect of root canal infection and treatment of traumatized primary incisors on their permanent successors.

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of trauma, root canal infection and treatment of non-vital primary incisors on their permanent successors. A total of 117 permanent central incisors were examined clinically and radiographically for the presence of discolorations, hypoplasia, or disturbances in root development. Of these, 29 were succedaneous to traumatized, endodontically involved and treated primary incisors (Group A). Another 29 had their traumatized, endodontically involved, primary predecessors extracted or left untreated (Group B). The remaining 59 incisors were intact and had no history of trauma (Group C). Severe hypoplasia could not be observed in any of the teeth, and no disturbances in root development could be disclosed radiographically. The incidence of defects in Groups B and C was similar, whereas in Group A it was 2 or 3 times higher than in each of the other two groups. Despite this fact, root canal treatment of traumatized non-vital primary incisors should be considered a treatment option, as premature extraction of a primary incisor may lead to speech problems, premature eruption and/or malalignment of the permanent successor, or affect the child's self image.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed1992

Prognosis of luxated non-vital maxillary incisors treated with calcium hydroxide and filled with gutta-percha. A retrospective clinical study.

A material of 885 luxated, non-vital incisors was evaluated radiographically with respect to healing of periodontal tissues including inflammatory root resorption and occurrence of ankylosis and cervical root fractures. The results were assessed after completion of calcium hydroxide treatment and 4 years after filling of the root canal with gutta-percha. After treatment with calcium hydroxide, periapical healing occurred in 95% of the teeth. Four years after filling with gutta-percha, periapical healing was present in 91% of the teeth. In the remaining teeth, recurrent or persistent periapical radiolucency was more frequent in overfilled than adequately filled teeth (P = 0.0001). There was no difference between immature and mature teeth. Inflammatory root resorption healed in 192 of 197 teeth (97%); in 5 teeth it developed into ankylosis. Ankylosis occurred in 13 teeth, all of which were intruded into the alveolar bone at the time of injury. The frequency of cervical root fractures was markedly higher in immature than mature teeth (P greater than 0.0001). Among immature teeth, the frequency of fractures was dependent on the stage of root development (chi 2 = 31.6) and ranged from 77% in teeth with the least to 28% in teeth with the most developed roots. The frequency of fractures was also related to the defects after healing of inflammatory root resorption in the cervical area of the root, significant at P less than 0.0001.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

PubMed1992

Frequency and type of dental traumas in mandibular body and condyle fractures.

Dental injuries in association with 207 mandibular fractures were evaluated from patient files and radiographs. It was shown that 32% of the dentulous patients with condylar fractures had dental injuries, approximately 3.7 traumatised teeth per patient, most of which were dental hard tissue injuries and situated typically in the maxillary molar region. Dental injuries were diagnosed in 30% in association with mandibular corpus fractures, approximately 3.6 traumatised teeth per patient, and injuries were more often dental luxations in the anterior part of the mandible. It was found that 143 teeth were involved in the line of mandibular corpus fracture of 105 patients (1.4 per patient). More than half of the fracture lines were diagnosed as passing the periodontal ligament.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Rigidity of various fixation methods used as dental splints.

Horizontal and vertical rigidity of teeth fixed with seven types of dental splints were evaluated by two tooth mobility measuring devices. Altogether 21 dissected sheep mandibles including soft tissues were used for the experiments in which Fermit, flexible wire-composite, Kevlar, Fiber, Protemp, rigid wire-composite and Triad Gel splints were applied to four incisors. The mean rigidity of the central incisors within the splint was measured by means of Mühlemann periodontometer (horizontal mobility) and Periotest (horizontal and vertical mobilities). Mobility values of teeth before splinting were used as covariants and the values with the splints were illustrated as adjusted mobility. Statistical significance between the rigidity of various splints was analyzed by an unpaired t-test. It was shown that the most rigid splints both in horizontal and vertical directions were Triad Gel, rigid wire-composite and Fermit splints. Kevlar and Fiber splint allowed more horizontal movement than other splints. Protemp and flexible wire-composite splints proved to produce adequate lateral support for the fixed teeth and allowed vertical flexibility which is experimentally known to improve periodontal healing of luxated teeth.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1993

Dental injuries in association with mandibular condyle fractures.

A total of 356 patients with mandibular condyle fractures were studied regarding associated dental injuries. One third of the patients had injured teeth, on average, 3.7 teeth had been injured per accident. Dental traumas were distributed equally between the anterior (incisors and canines) and posterior teeth (premolars and molars) in both jaws. In unilateral condylar fracture cases maxillary dental injuries involved more often premolars and/or molars of the fracture side than those of the nonfracture side. The mean number of dental traumas in the mandible was higher in cases of simultaneous mandibular body fracture than without, whereas the presence of mandibular body fracture did not affect number of associated dental injuries in the maxilla. The dental injuries were mostly to hard tissue (78%), which were commonest in men, 20 to 29 years of age, and in victims of violence or fall accidents. Severe dental injuries in association with mandibular condyle fractures were more common in accidents due to traffic and miscellaneous causes than in those due to violence. Severe dental injuries were more often encountered when simultaneous mandibular body fracture was present than when it was not and more so in bilateral than unilateral condylar fracture cases. The most important factor correlating with the severity of dental injuries was the presence of bilateral condylar fracture.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1993

Orthodontic closure and transplantation in the treatment of missing anterior teeth. An overview.

Orthodontic closure and autotransplantation of teeth are valid treatment alternatives for young individuals with missing anterior teeth. These alternatives have, however, different indications and the choice should be based upon a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of the individual. Problems and limitations should be emphasized before treatment in order for the patient to have realistic expectations. The treatment plan will ultimately result from an evaluation of short- and long-term biologic and esthetic considerations. Indications, treatment principles and key factors in the treatment procedure are outlined in this overview. If transplantation is to be part of the treatment plan, the donor tooth which has the best prognosis should be selected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Resin-retained bridges in the treatment of traumatized dentition.

Resin-retained bridges can be used as the definitive treatment, as well as for interim treatment. Compared with conventional fixed prostheses, there are some advantages which make this treatment especially useful in traumatized dentition. The ultra conservative approach makes the adhesive bridge a standard treatment option in cases of uncertain prognostic factors. However, in such specific situations as traumatized dentition some complicating factors may be present. These complicating factors must be recognized and eliminated to create situations in which this kind of restoration can be successful. Therapeutic and patient-related factors are discussed using data from longitudinal clinical studies. Available clinical information indicates the anterior adhesive bridge to a 'permanent restoration'. However, a benefit-cost analysis is necessary to weigh the value of this restorations.

Contraindications↗

PubMed1993

Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors.

The prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors and their distribution according to type and some clinical factors, were analysed in a total population of 2798 patients, aged 6-21 years, examined over a 5-year period in the Dental Clinic of the University of Verona, Italy. The material consisted of case histories and radiograms taken during the examination of injured teeth. The number of injured patients was 178 (131 males and 47 females), the number of injured incisors was 326. The prevalence of injuries was 7.3%. A very large number of dental injuries occurred to children aged between 6 and 13 years. The ratio of boys to girls was 2.7:1. Most frequent causes of injuries were falls and traffic accidents. Most injuries involved two teeth. About 80% of the teeth were maxillary central incisors. The most common type of injury was non complicated crown fracture. In 87 cases (48%) there was an associated injury to soft tissue. Alveolar fractures occurred in 22 cases (12%). Traumas involving periodontal ligament constituted nearly 40% of the total. This study noted the following points: 1) preventive education programs should be instituted in the region, directed at parents and school teachers, to inform them about the problems of dental trauma and to obtain cooperative attitude to treatment and good motivation in controls; 2) the necessity to unify the diagnostic and therapeutic protocol to provide reliable information in clinical investigations, to permit valid comparison with other studies and to improve the long-term prognosis of many cases.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1994

Treatment of intruded permanent incisors: a multidisciplinary approach.

The case presented is a report of a healthy 11-year-old boy, who fell down and traumatized his four maxillary incisors. Both central incisors were deeply intruded with concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures, and both lateral incisors suffered concussion. The intruded teeth were repositioned using a removable orthodontic appliance and were endodontically treated 3 weeks after trauma. Tooth 11 became ankylosed 3 months post trauma, and tooth 21 was extruded to its original position after 5 months. Five months post-trauma, teeth 12 and 22 underwent necrosis and were endodontically treated. In addition, tooth 22 presented an external inflammatory root resorption that was arrested by calcium hydroxide paste after 3 months. A crown-lengthening procedure was performed on tooth 11 10 months post-trauma, exposing the clinical crown to a better condition for restoration. All 4 incisors were restored with a composite material, and the incisal edges of the central incisors were shaped at the same level. Two months after the crown lengthening procedure, spontaneous eruption occurred on tooth 11, that had been ankylosed. The restored incisal edge of tooth 11 was reduced to the same level of tooth 21. The patient is under periodical examination till a definitive orthodontic treatment can be performed.

Ankylosis↗

PubMed1994

Dental trauma in children and adolescents in Valparaiso, Chile.

This study analyzed traumatic injuries in the primary and permanent dentition in children treated from 1990 to 1992 at the Children's Dental Traumatology Service in Valparaiso, Chile. A total of 227 records from patients 2 to 21 years old was studied with regard to the cause of injury, location of injury, time elapsed before treatment, history of previous trauma, type of injury, number of injured teeth, and how patients seek treatment. A total of 73 patients had injuries to the primary dentition (pD) and 154 to the permanent dentition (PD) with a total of 357 injured teeth (115 primary, 242 permanent). Ten to 12-year-old children had the highest number of injuries (33%). Falling was the most common cause of injury in both groups (82% pD, 58% PD), followed by striking against objects (13% pD, 19% PD) and bicycle accidents (9% PD). Most injuries in children with primary dentition (68%) occurred at home, while children with permanent dentition had most accidents at school (38%). Most children (61%) sought treatment after 24 h (52% pD, 65% PD), 61 children had suffered previous trauma (36% pD, 23% PD). The most common injuries in primary teeth were luxation (26%), intrusion (21%) and subluxation (18%). Uncomplicated crown fracture (34%), followed by complicated crown fracture (21%), were the main injuries in permanent teeth. There was no difference in the number of teeth involved for either dentition. A single tooth injury was found in 54%. Two teeth were involved in 35%, and three or more teeth in 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

A retrospective study of dento-alveolar injuries.

Traumatic injuries to primary and permanent dentition may lead to severe therapeutic problems. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate epidemiologic data of dento-alveolar injuries collected in a university dental clinic. The sample consisted of 300 patients (198 boys, 102 girls) representing 480 injured teeth, mostly maxillary incisors (94.6%). The results pointed-out a high predominance of traumatized primary teeth. Types of injuries differed between deciduous and permanent dentition: luxation injuries were most often recorded in primary dentition (81%), while a high percentage of crown and crown-root fractures were recorded in permanent dentition (38%). Epidemiological observations concerning location, etiology and distribution of dento-alveolar injuries are briefly discussed.

Accidents, Home↗

PubMed1994

Partially arrested root formation in a permanent maxillary central incisor subsequent to trauma to the primary dentition.

When the primary dentition sustains a traumatic insult, the development of the succedaneous teeth can be disturbed leading to a number of malformations. In this case report, the patient presented with a history of prior trauma to his primary maxillary incisors which resulted in partially arrested root formation for a permanent incisor. The considerations in formulating a treatment plan which included orthodontics are discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Pulpal and periodontal reactions of immature permanent teeth in the dog to intrusive trauma.

Pulpal and periodontal tissues of immature incisors of 10 dogs were radiographically and histopathologically evaluated immediately, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after experimental intrusion induced by mechanical blows. Forty upper central and mesial lateral incisors showing incomplete root formation on radiographs were submitted to intrusive force. After the observation periods, the dogs were killed, two at a time. The hemi-maxilas were removed and processed for histopathologic examination. The traumatized teeth showed accelerated apical formation with reduced radicular length. Pulpal vitality was maintained and the subjacent tissues did not present irreversible changes. All traumatized teeth re-erupted spontaneously.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Splints made of wire and composite: an investigation of lateral tooth mobility in vivo.

In 103 posttraumatic splints, later tooth mobility was measured with Periotest immediately before and after the routine splint removal. The splints were made of composite resin and an 0.017 X 0.025" orthodontic steel wire. 481 teeth were measured. A statistic evaluation revealed that the immobilisation effect did not exceed normal tooth firmness. Fixation to one neighbouring tooth had less effect than fixation to two. Adjacent tooth gaps reduced the effect. Splint extensions had no influence. With the use of the Periotest device, more than 50% of all teeth with a true mobility of 20 Periotest-units or more were detectable as mobile in spite of the fixed splint.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Relation between incisal overjet and traumatic injury: a case control study.

Most previous studies have shown the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in anterior teeth to increase with increasing overjet. This study identified 36 Singapore schoolchildren, age 7-18 years, from a clinic population of 11,179, who had suffered dental trauma while playing contact or collision sports. A case control group of 36 children, matched for age, sex, race and sporting activities, but who had not suffered dental trauma, was selected from the same clinic population. Both groups were examined and the nature of injuries received, together with overjet measured to the nearest 0.5 mm were determined. The mean overjet for the trauma group was 3.42 +/- 1.45 mm and for the injured group 3.42 +/- 1.33 mm. These means were not statistically different (p = 1.00), neither did the distribution of overjet between the groups differ. These data were not in accord with the majority of studies correlating incisal overjet and dental trauma, and they suggested that overjet was not a positive correlate with traumatic dental injury in Singapore schoolchildren.

Adolescent↗