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Results for “multiple linear regression”

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PubMed2003

Body uneasiness in overweight and obese Italian women seeking weight-loss treatment.

OBJECTIVE: It is known that the psychopathology of eating disorders is associated with body image disturbances, but little is known concerning the body image of obese subjects. The aim of this study was to assess body uneasiness in overweight and obese women in relation to their age, degree of obesity, the percentage and distribution of body fat mass, and eating disordered behaviours. METHOD: The study population consisted of 99 overweight and obese women with a mean age of 34.3 +/- 10.1 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.3 +/- 5.4 kg/m2, who completed two self-report questionnaires: the Bulimic Investigation Test Edinburgh (BITE) to assess disordered eating behaviours and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) to assess body image uneasiness. Pearson correlations were used to determine the associations between the BUT scores and age, anthropometric measures (BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist/hip ratio, percentage of body fat mass) and the BITE scores. The most significant determinants of the BUT scores were also determined using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: Disordered eating behaviours were found in 7.1% of the patients. Neither BUT nor BITE scores correlated with age, but BITE scores correlated with BMI and hip circumference (p < 0.05). The overall BUT score increased with increasing BITE scores and higher indices of all of the anthropometric measures (p < 0.001) except for the percentage of body fat mass. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, among the considered parameters, the only significant determinants of body uneasiness were disordered eating behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that body uneasiness in an obese clinical population is closely associated with disordered eating behaviours, and suggest that it is not dependent on age, the degree of obesity, or the percentage or distribution of body fat mass.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Relationships between isoinertial lumbar dynamometry parameters and demographic parameters in chronic low back pain patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate which demographic parameters are most important in relation to lumbar dynamometry performance in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Forty-five chronic LBP patients participated in this study. Gender, age, weight and height were determined and a lumbar dynamometry measurement was carried out, using the Isostation B200. Student's t-test, ANOVA techniques and correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationships between each demographic parameter and lumbar dynamometry performance. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed afterwards to determine which demographic parameters are most important in relation to lumbar dynamometry performance. Results indicate significant relationships (1) between gender, height, weight and all lumbar dynamometry parameters and (2) between age and three of the six isometric torque parameters. No significant relationship was found between age and maximum velocity parameters. Results of the stepwise multiple linear regression analyses show that the demographic parameters explain 27-47% of the variance in maximum isometric strength parameters and 19-25% of the variance in maximum velocity parameters. Gender is the most important demographic parameter, being related to nearly all maximum isometric torque parameters (percentage explained variance 6-37%) and height is the only important demographic parameter related to the velocity parameters (percentage explained variance 19-25%). Weight and age account for only a small amount of variance in lumbar dynamometry parameters (percentage explained variance 5-7%), meaning that these parameters are non-relevant predictors.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dialysis adequacy and health related quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

Patients with end-stage renal disease have significant impairments in health related quality of life (HRQOL). The determinants of HRQOL, including the effect of dialysis adequacy, have not been well studied. This study was designed to investigate whether dialysis adequacy is associated with HRQOL in hemodialysis patients. A cross-sectional survey of 128 patients who had been on hemodialysis for more than 6 months was conducted. Baseline information on demographic factors and detailed clinical information was collected. Average Kt/V levels (for the 3 months preceding HRQOL assessment) were determined. HRQOL was assessed with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the EuroQol EQ-5D. Multiple linear regression was performed to control for differences in important baseline covariates. Patients with average Kt/V levels greater than or equal to 1.3 had better HRQOL as measured by significantly higher scores (p < 0.05) in 4 of 11 kidney disease targeted domains, 6 of 8 SF-36 domains, and on the EQ-5D visual analog scale and index score. Using multiple linear regression to control for important covariates, the adjusted EQ-5D index score was higher by 0.036 (95% confidence intervals 0.015, 0.057) for each 0.1 increment in Kt/V, which is both statistically and clinically significant. Dialysis adequacy was significantly associated with HRQOL in hemodialysis patients. Controlled studies that examine the effect of increasing Kt/V on HRQOL are needed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Preterm deliveries among women with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence.

OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to assess the impact of obstetric risk factors for preterm delivery among women with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study was conducted including all patients with MacDonald cerclage performed at 12-14 weeks gestation due to cervical incompetence (n = 793). Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2002 in a University Medical Center. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the impact of maternal characteristics as well as pregnancy complications on the length of pregnancy. RESULTS: The following factors were found to be associated with preterm delivery among these patients, in the univariate analysis: nulliparity, fertility treatments, severe preeclampsia, second-trimester bleeding, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis and placental abruption. Using a multiple linear regression model, with backward elimination, the impact of these variables on the length of pregnancy was assessed (R(2) = 0.33, p < 0.001). The mean gestational age at birth among patients without risk factors was 38.1. Second-trimester bleeding reduced gestational age by 6.4 weeks, chorioamnionitis by 5.6 weeks, placental abruption by 5.1 weeks, PROM by 3.2 weeks and severe preeclampsia by 2.4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Second-trimester bleeding, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, PROM and severe preeclampsia are ominous signs for preterm delivery among patients with MacDonald cerclage performed due to cervical incompetence.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Influence of metabolic state and diabetes on the outcome at the end of first year after gastric banding.

BACKGROUND: The influence of metabolic state and the presence of diabetes before surgery on the weight changes following non-adjustable gastric banding, were studied. METHODS: The total of 50 patients referred for gastric banding had the following parameters measured: insulinemia, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TAG), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA) and its sulphate (DHEA-S), triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroxine-stimulating hormone. We evaluated 28 of these, who completed at least 6 months of follow-up. 12 of these patients had diet-treated non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 16 were non-diabetics, and 9 of them had a positive family history of NIDDM (FH DM). We compared the change in weight of the diabetics, non-diabetics and those with positive FH DM, at 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation. Multiple linear regression tested the influence of the measured parameters on patients' weight. RESULTS: Weight loss was greatest in the group of patients without a positive family history of diabetes, and lowest in the diabetic group. Due to the high dispersion, differences in the t-test are not significant. When individual factors and their influence on weight development were tested by multiple linear regression, weight loss was greatest in patients with high TAG and low insulin levels and lowest in patients with diabetes or positive FH DM. CONCLUSIONS: Although post-operative weight can be influenced by other factors, eg. psychological ones, it is advisable to test each patient pre-operatively for insulin and TAG levels, and to establish family history of diabetes and presence of diabetes to give an idea of the prognosis of weight change.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Diet quality in 116 Norwegian men and women with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinical intervention studies have provided strong evidence that a healthy diet can prevent coronary heart disease. The aims of this study were to describe the diet quality in Norwegian subjects from Sogn and Fjordane County with coronary heart disease, and to investigate if the diet quality was associated with demographic and lifestyle variables. METHODS: We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess information from 116 participants. A Healthy Diet Score (HDS) indicated the diet quality. Multiple Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between relevant variables and the HDS. RESULTS: We found that 26.7% of the participants had a poor HDS, 64.6% had a fair HDS and 8.7% had a good HDS. We found that the widespread suboptimal diet quality (poor or fair HDS) was partially related to low consumption of nonhydrogenated mayonnaise products, vegetables, and fruit/berries/juice. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that women had better HDS than men, and that subjects with high education had better HDS than subjects with low education (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that 91.3% of the participants had a suboptimal diet quality. The consumption of nonhydrogenated mayonnaise products, vegetables and fruit/berries/juice were poor and a principal goal should be to increase the consumption of these food items. Health professionals should keep in mind that gender and educational level may be associated with dietary habits. An important clinical implication of this study is that more attention should be paid to dietary counselling.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Specific and total carotenoid intakes among oral contraceptive and estrogen hormone users in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To compare carotenoid intakes between hormone users and nonusers in a nationally representative sample of US women by demographic and lifestyle characteristics and to identify those with potentially greater risk for disease. DESIGN: Data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey's-Epidemiology Supplement food frequency questionnaire were linked to the USDA-NCI Carotenoid database to estimate mean total and specific carotenoid intakes. SUBJECTS: Women (n = 8,962) were grouped by menopausal status and classified by hormone use into premenopausal oral contraceptive users/nonusers (n = 5,918) and postmenopausal estrogen replacement hormone users/nonusers (n = 3,044). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Mean carotenoid intakes and standard errors were weighted using SUDAAN and adjusted for potential confounding factors using multiple linear regression analysis. Statistically significant differences were at p values < 0.01. RESULTS: Compared to nonusers, oral contraceptive users had lower specific carotenoid intakes. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics differed between oral contraceptive users/nonusers and were examined in relation to carotenoid intakes. More oral contraceptive users than nonusers were married, highly educated, drank alcoholic beverages, and smoked. After adjustment for these factors in a multiple linear regression model, the associations between oral contraceptive use and carotenoid intake remained statistically significant. Mean carotenoid intakes were not significantly different among estrogen hormone replacement users versus nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Oral contraceptive users have lower dietary carotenoid intakes than nonusers. Since oral contraceptive users smoke and drink more than nonusers, and both factors are associated with lower carotenoid intakes, oral contraceptive users form a potential high risk group for disease.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2003

Procollagen II C propeptide level in the synovial fluid as a predictor of radiographic progression in early knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of procollagen type II carboxy-terminal propeptide (PIICP) level in synovial fluid in relation to early tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Data were collected on 172 women (age 40 to 59 years) who had knee pain and tibiofemoral joint OA in the early stage. Standing semiflexed knee radiographs were obtained by fluoroscopy at baseline and at four year follow up and a computerised, magnification corrected measurement system was applied to measurement of minimal joint space width in the tibiofemoral compartment. Synovial fluid sampling was performed at baseline and at the four year follow up. Levels of PIICP in the synovial fluid were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The outcome measures were assessed by radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN) in the tibiofemoral joints over four years. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relation between radiographic JSN and synovial fluid level of PIICP. RESULTS: The number of women available at both baseline and at four year follow up was 110. The average of radiographic JSN over four years was 0.53 mm (range 0.00-2.01). Body mass index showed a slightly positive association with baseline PIICP level. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age and body mass index, radiographic JSN over four years had a direct positive correlation with baseline PIICP level (r=0.395; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.231 to 0.529; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In a four year prospective study of women, quantification of synovial fluid PIICP was able to predict subsequent radiographic progression in early tibiofemoral joint OA.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Changes in cerebral tissue perfusion during the first 48 hours of ischaemic stroke: relation to clinical outcome.

BACKGROUND: One major therapeutic strategy to minimise the extent of infarction after ischaemic stroke is to improve early reperfusion using thrombolytic agents. However, reperfusion may be hazardous and the period during which reperfusion may have a beneficial effect on tissue and clinical outcome is not known. METHODS: Fifty three patients were studied with serial cerebral perfusion (99mTcHMPAO SPECT) during the first 48 hours of ischaemic stroke to determine if changes in tissue perfusion during this time were prognostically significant. Single and multiple linear regression non-parametric analyses were used to include other factors during the same period which may influence outcome. RESULTS: In univariate analysis age, neurological score at admission, SPECT perfusion defect size in the first 24 hours, and percentage change in cerebral tissue perfusion at 24-48 hours (all P < 0.01) correlated significantly with the Barthel score at three months. In multiple linear regression analysis only age (P < 0.01) and percentage change in cerebral tissue perfusion at 24-48 hours (P < 0.01) provided independent prognostic information at three months. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in cerebral tissue perfusion during the first 48 hours of ischaemic stroke are significant outcome predictors and therapeutic effort aimed at increasing perfusion during this period seem to be justified.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Prediction of spinal deformity in scoliosis from geometric torsion.

The shape of a curved line that passes through thoracic and lumbar vertebrae is often used to study spinal deformity with measurements in "auxiliary" planes that are not truly three-dimensional (3D). Here we propose a new index, the geometric torsion, which could uniquely describe the spinal deformity. In this study we assessed whether geometric torsion could be effectively used. to predict spinal deformity with the aid of multiple linear regression. Anatomical landmarks were obtained from multi-view radiographic reconstruction and used to generate 3D model of the spine and rib cage of 28 patients. Fourier series best fitted to the vertebral centroids approximated the spinal shape. For each patient, spinal deformity indices were computed. Torsion was calculated and 20 derived parameters were recorded. Torsion inputs were used in a multiple linear regression model for prediction of key spinal indices. The primary clinical Cobb angle (mainly thoracic) was predicted well, with r=0.89 using all 20 inputs of torsion or r=0.83 using just two. Torsion was also well related to the orientation of plane of maximal deformity (r=0.87). Torsion was less accurate but still significant in predicting maximal vertebral axial rotation (r=0.77). This preliminary study showed promising results for the use of geometric torsion as an alternative 3D index of spinal deformity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Relationship of cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge to movement kinematics in the monkey.

The simple spike discharge of 231 cerebellar Purkinje cells in ipsilateral lobules V and VI was recorded in three monkeys trained to perform a visually guided reaching task requiring movements of different directions and distances. The discharge of 179 cells was significantly modulated during movement to one or more targets. Mean simple spike rate was fitted to a cosine function for direction tuning, a simple linear function for distance modulation, and a multiple linear regression model that included terms for direction, distance, and target position. On the basis of the fit to the direction and distance models, there were more distance-related than direction-related Purkinje cells. The simple spike discharge of most direction-related cells modulated at only one target distance. The preferred directions for the simple spike tuning were not uniformly distributed across the workspace. The discharge of most distance-related cells modulated along only one movement direction. On the basis of the multiple linear regression model, simple spike discharge was also correlated with target position, in addition to direction and distance. Approximately half of the Purkinje cells had simple spike activity associated with only a single parameter, and only a small fraction of the cells with all three. The multiple regression model was extended to evaluate the correlations as a function of time. Considerable overlap occurred in the timing of the simple spike correlations with the parameters. The latency for correlation with movement direction occurred mainly in a 500-ms interval centered on movement onset. The correlations with target position also occurred around movement onset, in the range of -200-500 ms. Distance correlations were more variable, with onset latencies from -500 to 1,000 ms. These results demonstrate that the simple spike discharge of cerebellar Purkinje cells is correlated with movement direction, distance, and target position. Comparing these results to motor cortical discharge shows that the correlations with these parameters were weaker in Purkinje cell simple spike discharge, and that, for the majority of Purkinje cells, the simple spike discharge was significantly related to only a single movement parameter. Other differences between simple spike responses and those of motor cortical cells include the nonuniform distribution of preferred directions and the extensive overlap in the timing of the correlations. These differences suggest that Purkinje cells process, encode, and use kinematic information differently than motor cortical neurons.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2006

Negative mood and quality of life in patients with asthma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of negative mood states at the moment of questionnaire, and other patient and disease characteristics on quality of life (QoL) in patients with asthma. The study groups were composed of 116 stable adult asthmatic patients and 116 age and sex matched healthy subjects. We used Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) for the assessment of general QoL in all participants, and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) for the assessment of disease specific QoL in patients with asthma. We evaluated negative mood in all subjects with a questionnaire including six mood subscales in three categories (nervous-anxious, hostile-angry and fearful-panicky). Negative mood scores were not different between asthmatic and comparison groups (p=0.4), but both SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were significantly lower in asthmatic group (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis in all study population indicated that both reduced PCS and MCS scores of SF-36 were associated with negative mood score (beta=-0.28, p<0.001 and beta=-0.37, p<0.001, respectively) and with FEV(1)% (beta=0.19, p=0.001 and beta=0.25, p<0.001, respectively) after adjusting for age, female sex, and the presence of asthma. On the other hand, multiple linear regression analysis in patients with asthma revealed that negative mood score and disease severity score were significant predictors for overall score of AQLQ after adjusting for other patient and disease characteristics (beta=-0.17, p=0.008 and beta=-0.64, p<0.001, respectively). The level of negative mood and disease severity in asthmatics significantly impair QoL. Thus, considering that one of the main objectives of health care should be preserving a satisfactory QoL in asthmatics, the presence and seriousness of negative mood and their effects on QoL should be taken into account as part of the clinical evaluation in asthmatics.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Simulating the effects of climatic variation on stem carbon accumulation of a ponderosa pine stand: comparison with annual growth increment data.

Simulation models of ecosystem processes may be necessary to separate the long-term effects of climate change on forest productivity from the effects of year-to-year variations in climate. The objective of this study was to compare simulated annual stem growth with measured annual stem growth from 1930 to 1982 for a uniform stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) in Montana, USA. The model, FOREST-BGC, was used to simulate growth assuming leaf area index (LAI) was either constant or increasing. The measured stem annual growth increased exponentially over time; the differences between the simulated and measured stem carbon accumulations were not large. Growth trends were removed from both the measured and simulated annual increments of stem carbon to enhance the year-to-year variations in growth resulting from climate. The detrended increments from the increasing LAI simulation fit the detrended increments of the stand data over time with an R(2) of 0.47; the R(2) increased to 0.65 when the previous year's simulated detrended increment was included with the current year's simulated increment to account for autocorrelation. Stepwise multiple linear regression of the detrended increments of the stand data versus monthly meteorological variables had an R(2) of 0.37, and the R(2) increased to 0.47 when the previous year's meteorological data were included to account for autocorrelation. Thus, FOREST-BGC was more sensitive to the effects of year-to-year climate variation on annual stem growth than were multiple linear regression models.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Evaluation of platelet function by Sonoclot analysis compared with other hemostatic variables in cardiac surgery.

UNLABELLED: Platelet function can be easily measured as time to peak (TP) by Sonoclot Coagulation & Platelet Function Analyzer (Sienco Inc., Morrison, CO) analysis. However a correlation between Sonoclot analysis and platelet aggregation, which is accepted as a test of platelet function, has not been established. In this study, we compared TP and collagen-induced whole blood platelet aggregation in 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Two or three blood samples were randomly obtained from each patient before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Sonoclot analysis, collagen-induced whole blood aggregation, and laboratory measurement (including platelet count and coagulation profile) were measured. Seventy-two samples were obtained (35 before CPB and 37 after CPB). TP was correlated with collagen-induced whole blood aggregation (r = -0.652), platelet count (r = -0.671), fibrinogen level (r = -0.598), prothrombin time (r = 0.394), activated partial thromboplastin time (r = 0.486), and use of CPB (r = 0.380). Significant predictors of TP for multiple linear regression modeling were collagen-induced whole blood aggregation, platelet count, and fibrinogen level (r = 0.742). In conclusion, Sonoclot analysis TP predicts approximate platelet function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. IMPLICATIONS: Approximate platelet function can be easily measured as time to peak by Sonoclot analysis. In this study, time to peak was predicted by platelet count, whole blood platelet aggregation, and fibrinogen level for multiple linear regression modeling.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed2006

Body composition is distinctly altered in Turner syndrome: relations to glucose metabolism, circulating adipokines, and endothelial adhesion molecules.

BACKGROUND: Body composition in Turner syndrome (TS) is altered with final height of TS decreased; anthropometry and bone mass distinctly changed. AIM: To describe total and regional distribution of fat and muscle mass in TS and the relation to measures of glucose metabolism, sex hormones, IGFs, and markers of inflammation and vascular function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four women with TS (mean age, 42.5 +/- 9.7 years) and an age-matched group of controls (n = 55) were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans with determination of regional body composition and estimation of visceral fat and skeletal muscle mass. We determined maximal oxygen uptake and assessed physical activity using a questionnaire. We measured serum adiponectin, ghrelin, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin, glucose, cytokines, vascular cell adhesion molecule-I, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-I. Insulin sensitivity was estimated. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between variables. RESULTS: TS had lower total lean body mass (LBM), while body mass index (BMI) and total fat mass (FM) were increased. We found increased visceral FM, and decreased trunk LBM, appendicular LBM, and skeletal muscle mass. VO2max and physical activity were significantly lower in TS, as were most hormone levels, except increased leptin. In multiple linear regression models, status (i.e. TS or control) was a consistent contributing variable. CONCLUSION: Profound changes are present in body composition in TS, with increased FM, and decreased skeletal muscle mass. Circulating hormones, VO2max, and insulin sensitivity influence body composition. The accumulation of visceral fat would predict a higher risk of development of the insulin resistance syndrome.

Adipocytes↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of peripheral blood progenitor cell yield from standard chemotherapy used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies and high-dose cyclophosphamide: a retrospective review of 141 patients.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are often collected after mobilization with high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDC) combined with growth factors. HDC may not be needed for PBPC mobilization, and patients with lymphoid malignancies can be harvested with treatment regimens of chemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma whose PBPCs were harvested after chemotherapy. The PBPC yield and time to mobilization was compared between patients who received HDC (n = 51) and other chemotherapy regimens (n = 90) including high-dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide (HDC plus VP-16; n = 41), CHOP, ESHAP, ABVD, VAD, and others (n = 49). A multiple linear regression model and proportional hazards model determined factors influencing yield and time to mobilization, respectively. RESULTS: The difference in mean yield between HDC and all non-HDC regimens was significant, with HDC plus VP-16 resulting in the highest yields. The proportion of patients achieving a CD34 count in excess of 5 x 10(6) per kg did not differ significantly between the regimens. In a multiple linear regression model, HDC plus VP-16 resulted in a higher PBPC yield than HDC but all other regimens did not. In addition, patients exposed to more than one prior chemotherapy regimen had lower yield regardless of the mobilization regimen. The mean number of days to mobilization with HDC was 10.2 days, 17.1 days for HDC plus VP-16, and 14.2 days for all other regimens. The timing of mobilization was influenced by the chemotherapy used and the number of prior regimens in a proportional hazards model. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a higher mean yield of PBPCs with HDC plus VP-16 but no difference in yield between non-HDC plus VP-16 regimens used for first-line or relapse therapy and HDC, suggesting that HDC may be an unnecessary additional therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Epidemiology of infant mortality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The influence of agricultural production.

Infant mortality rates (IMRs) for the 24 districts of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for 1972, have been correlated to 12 variables representative of the state's agrarian structure, as well as five other socioeconomic variables, through Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. The IMR was found to be significantly larger in the districts characterized by large properties, cattle raising and wage earning, rather than in the districts of small properties, agriculture and large rural population. The IMR was not found to be correlated to the variables representing education, housing, medical care or availability of banks, but there was a direct association with the sanitation variable. A multiple linear regression equation was then obtained, in which the agrarian variables accounted for 70% of the variation in the IMR, while the non-agrarian ones accounted for 13%. These findings support the hypothesis that the agrarian structure of Rio Grande do Sul may influence the observed distribution of the IMR in the state, while other variables specifically related to the preservation and restoration of health do not seem to play an important role.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2006

Specific factors for prenatal lead exposure in the border area of China.

The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of increased blood lead concentrations in mothers and their umbilical cords, and to identify risk factors for prenatal lead exposure in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The study was conducted at two obstetrics departments, and 100 peripartum women were enrolled. The mean blood lead concentrations of the mothers and the umbilical cords were 67.3microg/l and 53.1microg/l, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, maternal occupational exposure, maternal consumption of homemade dehydrated vegetables and maternal habitation period in Kunming city were significantly associated with an increase of umbilical cord blood lead concentration. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of umbilical cord blood lead concentrations that possibly have adverse effects on brain development of newborns with each potential risk factor. Maternal frequent use of tableware with color patterns inside was significantly associated with higher cord blood lead concentration in addition to the three items in the multiple linear regression analysis. These points should be considered as specific recommendations for maternal and fetal lead exposure in this city.

Adult↗