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PubMed1986

Antifibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

At the present time, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the safety and efficacy of antifibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of aneurysmal SAH. Furthermore, there is little to guide us on precisely how to employ the agents. Whether to continue to use antifibrinolytic therapy after considering the results of the 1984 Cooperative Aneurysm Study trial and the Glasgow-Rotterdam-Amsterdam-London trial remains very much a philosophical decision. However, rebleeding is instantly and permanently devastating and 70% fatal, while ischemic deficits from vasospasm have a gradual onset and are potentially reversible. Accordingly, our policy is to continue to use antifibrinolytic therapy in those patients in whom it is desired to delay surgery. Our feeling is that, while there is no demonstrated advantage in acute mortality in either of the previously mentioned series, hypertensive, hypervolemic therapy or calcium channel blocking agents might ameliorate the ischemic consequences of therapy. Accordingly, it is in the context of combined therapy that the reduction in rebleeding will significantly influence patient outcome.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1987

[Significance of the oral NBT-PABA test for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis].

The documentation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is important for the clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The NBT-PABA test (Bentiromide test) depends on the cleavage peptide NBT-PABA by chymotrypsin and the quantitation of released PABA in serum or urine. The sensitivity of the oral NBT-PABA test is nearly as high as that of the much more demanding secretin-CCK test and the specificity is excellent as well. The NBT-PABA test is a simple and valuable aid for the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic pancreatitis.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Two indirect tests of exocrine pancreatic function evaluated.

We describe and evaluate two frequently used indirect methods for assessing exocrine pancreatic function: the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test (NBT-PABA) and the pancreolauryl test. In both procedures, the patient is orally administered a substrate that is metabolized into two or more products by pancreatic enzymes. At least one of the reaction products is absorbed from the gut, conjugated, and excreted in urine, where it can be measured. Both tests can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic carcinoma, and in monitoring pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to determine the appropriate dose. In comparison with the NBT-PABA procedure, the pancreolauryl test seems to have better specificity and sensitivity, undergoes almost no interference from other drugs or serum compounds, requires no complex hydrolytic conditions, and is independent of renal function.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Further evaluation of bentiromide in the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the bentiromide test in differentiating between dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and those with primary intestinal disease (PID). A secondary objective was to correlate the results of the commonly used diagnostic techniques with the results of the bentiromide test. This test consists of the oral administration of a synthetic peptide that is cleaved only by chymotrypsin. A subsequent rise in the plasma concentration of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) indicates the degree of cleavage, providing an in vivo assessment of chymotrypsin activity. Fourteen dogs with EPI and five dogs with PID were categorized on the basis of clinical signs, laboratory evaluations, and histologic examination of intestinal biopsies. Six normal dogs served as controls. The bentiromide test clearly identified the dogs with EPI and distinguished them from the dogs with PID and the control dogs. The results of the bentiromide test correlated well with the results of the clinical and laboratory evaluations. On the basis of these observations and conclusions, recommendations for the pragmatic application of the bentiromide test are offered.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

[Improvement in the specificity of the PABA test (PFT) by combined PABA peptide/D-xylose administration and serum kinetic measurement?].

To obtain higher specificity of peptide-PABA-test, an indirect pancreatic functions test, 150 mg N-BT-PABA together with 25 g D-Xylose in 300 ml tea were administered to a group of 68 persons. Maximal concentration of PABA and D-Xylose were investigated serum by time-concentration-curves 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after test meal. Serum-PABA was found pathologically low in 18 of 20 patients with proofed chronic pancreatitis. In 16 of 17 patients with chronic pancreatitis serum-D-Xylose was normal. In a group of 39 patients, in which a pancreatic disease was excluded, PABA-serum-test showed no false-pathological results. In 7 patients with small-bowel diseases and pathological D-Xylose-test, PABA-serum-test was false-pathologically in 6/7 cases. By serum-PABA-time-concentration-curves there was a significant discrimination between patients with chronic pancreatitis and controls at 60, 90, 120 and 150 min (p less than 0.01), but early and late peak concentration of PABA was often found in the two groups. If the PABA-concentration was estimated only 120 min after test meal, diminished test-specificity was found. Peak-PABA-serum-concentration was significantly correlated with lipase output (p less than 0.001) and trypsin output (p = 0.01) at secretin-caerulein test, but PABA was only at low enzyme outputs pathological, showing a moderate sensitivity of test.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Sunscreens block the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis and the inhibition of DNA synthesis by UV-B radiation in normal human fibroblasts. A new way of evaluating sunscreen efficacy in vitro.

In order to evaluate the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens against the chronic actinic damage, we tested 3 sunscreens for their ability to reduce the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and to prevent the inhibition of semi-conservative DNA synthesis by medium wavelength ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation in the normal human cultured fibroblasts in vitro. The values obtained are correlated with the sun protection factors (SPF) expressing the erythema inhibition in normal human skin. All sunscreens tested showed a protective effect. The protective factor for the induction of UDS is 10.1 for Spectraban 15 (SPF 15), 3.6 for Spectraban 5.6 (SPF 5.6) and 1.9 for 2.5% Indomethacin solution, whereas the protective factor for the inhibition of semi-conservative DNA synthesis of 15.2, 3.9 and 2.1 for each sunscreen was evaluated. These methods seem to be useful as a screening procedure for the evaluation of sunscreen effectiveness against chronic actinic skin damage including light induced skin malignancies.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

[Modified ALTAB test in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency].

The indirect estimation of chymotrypsin by the tubeless ALTAB-test was performed in 17 patients with well-defined exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 10 of them after operation for chronic pancreatitis. In comparison with 12 healthy subjects the test proved to be a non-expensive, certain and specific method for detection of moderate and severe exocrine insufficiency. It exists positive correlations with the secretin-pancreocymine-test and with the maximal stimulable secretion of insulin. Therefore the ALTAB-test after operations with modified anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract especially is able to substitute extensive testing of secretion in screening and controlling of progression. The value of the 3-hour serum level of PABA corresponds to the urine output within 6 hours. There are such advantages like independence from the kidney-function, avoidance of incomplete urine-collection and a considerable reduced test-time too.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗