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Results for “ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL”

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PubMed1977

[Results of rehabilitation in pneumonectomy patients].

Up to now, there is in France no rehabilitation program after pneumonectomy but social security and kinesitherapy. Medical, functional and economical survey of 219 subjects operated 1 to 20 years earlier shows that, as far as return to work and psychological adaptation are concerned, these factors weight at least as much as severe respiratory insufficiency. Before setting up a program of rehabilitation one should study these factors and others that may eventually influence psychological equilibrium.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Psychological health of family caregivers of children admitted at birth to a NICU and healthy children: a population-based cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: There is little information in the research literature on how parents of children who spend time in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) adapt psychologically to the demands of caregiving beyond the initial hospitalization period. Our aim was to compare parents of NICU children with parents of healthy full-term children, looking specifically at the relationship between parental psychosocial health and child characteristics, as well as the relationship between important predictor variables and psychosocial health. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was sent to parents as their child turned 3 1/2 years of age. The setting was the province of British Columbia, Canada. The sample included all babies admitted to tertiary level neonatal intensive care units (NICU) at birth over a 16-month period, and a consecutive sample of healthy babies. The main outcome was the SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) score. Predictor variables included caregiver gender; caregiver age; marital status; parental education; annual household income; child health status; child behavior; birth-related risk factors; caregiver strain; and family function. RESULTS: Psychosocial health of NICU parents did not differ from parents of healthy children. Child health status and behavior for NICU and healthy children were strongly related to MCS score in bivariate analysis. In the pooled multivariate model, parental age, low family function, high caregiver strain, and child's internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptoms were independently associated with lower psychosocial health. In addition, female gender was associated with lower psychosocial health in the NICU group, whereas lower education and child's problem with quality of life indicated lower psychosocial health in the healthy baby group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, parental gender, family functioning and caregiver strain played influential roles in parental psychosocial health.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Trainability of underwater breath-holding time.

From diving practice we know that breath-holding time (BHT) can be increased by training. This examination was set up to illuminate whether BHT underwater can be trained decisively in a short period of time. The authors investigated whether physiologic or psychological aspects are the main constituents of the above-mentioned BHT phenomenon. BHT and the "onset point" of involuntary respiratory movements of 64 subjects were registered after deep inspiration and immersion in ca. 1 m. Two different tests were set up: (I) 2 breath-holds per day on 5 consecutive days, (II) 5 repeated breath-holds with pauses of 3 min in between. BHT of the first test was shorter underwater than in similar experiments in air; the increase of BHT underwater was distinctly higher (series II: 160%). Thirty percent of the subjects inequivocally showed respiratory movements (group 1), 31% did not reach the "onset point" (group 3). In group 1 BHT was considerably higher than in group 3. In group 1 the mean time span without respiratory movements rose by 14% in series I and by 233% in series II, whereas the time span with respiratory movements rose by 105% and 119%. These results confirm and quantify the good trainability of BHT underwater. Two processes cause this increase: the increase in time span without respiratory movements probably by unconscious hyperventilation and the increase in time span with respiratory movements through psychological adaptation by suffering the need to breathe.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

[Psychological profile of patients with ischemic heart disease and its association with various exogenous risk factors].

Males with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 35 to 60 years were studied. The patients were divided into three groups: 32 patients with angina of effort and at rest (test group I), 39 survivors of myocardial infarction (test group II) and 50 clinically healthy people (control group). The relationship was established between a certain behavioural complex of CHD patients and some exogenic risk factors. The study was aimed at elucidating the premorbid characteristics of the personality of CHD patients. Individuals with the variable type of orientation were predominant in both test groups. The data from Eisenk's questionnaire revealed the predominance of extraverts in group I and introverts in group II. It is suggested that the variable character may prove to be the premorbid, basic property of the personality determining the specific mechanism of psychologic adaptation and the entire complex of behavioural characteristics of CHD patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The relaxation psychotherapy of patients with cerebrovascular diseases: its efficacy and predictors].

In order to evaluate psychological relaxation therapy (PRT) efficacy and to investigate the possibility of its prediction 52 patients with transitory cerebral vascular disorders and 72 postapoplectic patients were examined by psychological tests. A comparative analysis of the status changes in 59 patients under PRT and 65 patients without PRT, revealed improvement of psychological status in PRT patients: reduction of psychopathological symptoms and improvement of patients' psychological adaptation. According to pathopsychological tests, no influences of PRT on functions of memory and attention were found. The investigation of efficacy predictors revealed that both PRT and physical therapy are more effective in patients with moderate changes of psychological and neurological status. Lack of PRT efficacy can be predicted in patients with more marked changes of psychological status, and lack of physical therapy effectiveness can be predicted in patients with more profound asthenic manifestations which might be intensified under physical therapy with sedative effect.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗

PubMed1977

Socio-psychological factors and metabolic control in juvenile diabetes.

The influence of exogenous and environmental factors on metabolic control was studied in 58 insulin treated juvenile diabetics, 6-17 years of age. Duration of diabetes varied between 3-14 years and age at onset of diabetes between 1-13 years. The social situation as well as knowledge about and attitudes towards diabetes among the patients and their parents were estimated by interviews, questionnaires and special tests. The quality of the diet, exercise and insulin treatment was assessed. An index of diabetic control was calculated on the basis of the patients daily urinalysis made at home. Multiple regression analysis and a special statistical "instrumental" variable technique were used in an effort to analyse the correlations between all variables. The social situation of the diabetic children was comparable with that of other Swedish children, but many parents felt the economic burden of the diabetic treatment as a problem. Knowledge tests showed that 25% of the parents and 62% of the patients above 12 years had unsatisfactory knowledge about diabetes. However, 93% of the patients seemed to have predominantly positive attitudes towards the treatment. Severe psychological problems had occurred in 7 cases. Food habits were appropriate among 21% of the patients and 26% had very regular exercise customs. Physical exercise seemed to be the most important of the exogenous factors for the diabetic control (p less than 0.001). Among teenagers knowledge was positively correlated to positive attitudes which in turn were positively correlated to physical exercise. Instrumental variable technique gave further indications of a positive influence of knowledge on control, and the correlation between diabetic control on one hand and knowledge combined with positive attitudes on the other was significantly positive. The results emphasize the importance of assisting young diabetic patients and their families in their socio-psychological adaptation to the strains of diabetic therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

The sensation of respiration in men experiencing high-altitude chronic hypoxia.

Respiratory sensation was studied in seven European lowlanders during a Himalayan expedition at over 6000 m. At rest, the ability to detect added inspiratory resistive loads can be used to create a sensitivity index P(A) taking response bias (B) into account based on Sensory Decision Theory. The data indicate that respiratory sensitivity may be involved in successful adaptation to hypoxia. Respiratory sensitivity improved during the first stages of exposure to altitude and returned to baseline after 17- and 27-day stays under chronic hypoxic conditions. The improvement in respiratory sensation could be a primary signal in the physiological and psychological adaptation to high altitude and change in sensation may reflect the degree of altitude adaptation.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1989

[Concept analysis: reminiscence].

Concept analysis is a formal linguistic exercise to determine certain defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in a theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects its theoretical base (Walker, 198 3, 27-28). In later life, elderly people are faced with various psychological problems such as depression, and lowered self-esteem for these psychological problems of the elderly. Reminiscence has been studied as an effective therapeutic measure by gerontologists and psychologists. It is considered to have potential as an effective nursing intervention with geriatric clients. The purpose of this paper was to explore the feasibility of adopting reminiscence as a nursing intervention through analysis of the concept. The concept can be defined as follows: Reminiscence is thinking and talking about one's past with or without a specific purpose. It is a composite mental process which involves psychological, emotional, and social interactional aspects. The defining attributes of reminiscence are: 1. Thinking about past experiences which are meaningful to oneself. 2. It includes the emotional aspect of past experiences. 3. It occurs with or without specific purposes. 4. It is communicated to others by means of language and the subject has the feeling of being heard. In regard to the consequences of reminiscence, it is expected to contribute to psychological adaptation by providing a sense of self-fulfillment and self-achievement, promoting the discovery of the meaning of life, decreasing depression, and overcoming guilt feelings and conflict about one's past. However, if the past is regarded as a total failure, it may be harmful to the psychological well-being of the subject.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Regression in the service of residency education.

Regression as a potentially adaptive psychological response is used as a conceptual model to understand a variety of behaviors seen in beginning psychiatric residents on an inpatient service. The behaviors, discussed and illustrated with brief examples, are (1) competition and identification, (2) sexuality, (3) aggression, (4) depression and despair, (5) dependency, and (6) fusion with patients. Factors on an inpatient service that foster regressive behavior in new residents are discussed, and some of the potential resolutions of the behavoirs are proposed. Regression is seen as an adaptive experience for most residents; with appropriate supervisory intervention, it can foster cognitive development.

Aggression↗

PubMed1986

Social and psychological problems associated with clefts: motivations for cleft palate treatment.

Adolescents probably constitute a significant proportion of patient case loads for well-established cleft palate teams. Most teenagers return for periodic recall and continue to do so until they are discharged by the team. The proposition that social and psychological dissatisfactions might coalesce during adolescence and influence young people to stop treatment was examined. The modest drop-out rate argues against this contention. An alternative explanation for the low drop-out rate stresses that these patients are poorly equipped psychologically to deal with their clefts during any period of development. Maladaptation is brought into adolescence, influencing some patients to discontinue team treatment. Since most adolescents remain in treatment, it is suggested they do so because it is in their best interests or because there are no other reasonable alternatives. Adolescents who are knowledgeable about their clefts and the purpose of cleft palate teams may view treatment as a necessary and logical sequence of events designed ultimately to enhance appearance and function. For these adolescents, the goals of treatment are in keeping with existing well differentiated self-concepts and body images. It can be argued that prior good psychological adaptation to having a cleft, provides adolescents with a solid base upon which to cope effectively with the subsequent challenges of adolescence.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic stress and immunity in family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease victims.

Although acute stress has been associated with transient immunosuppression, little is known about the immunologic consequences of chronic stress in humans. In order to investigate possible health-related consequences of a long-term stressor, we obtained blood samples for immunologic and nutritional analyses and psychologic data from 34 family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) victims and 34 sociodemographically matched comparison subjects. Family caregivers for AD victims were more distressed than comparison subjects without similar responsibilities. Greater impairment in the AD victim was associated with greater distress and loneliness in caregivers. Caregivers had significantly lower percentages of total T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes than did comparison subjects, as well as significantly lower helper-suppressor cell ratios; caregivers also had significantly higher antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus than did comparison subjects, presumably reflecting poorer cellular immune system control of the latent virus in caregivers. The percentages of natural killer cells and suppressor T lymphocytes did not differ significantly. These data suggest that chronically stressed AD family caregivers do not show immunologic or psychologic adaptation to the level of their well-matched age peers.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2002

[Psycho-visceral markers of cardiovascular pathology development in servicemen].

The result of present investigation was the detection of psycho-visceral markers of high risk of cardiovascular disease development in servicemen with hereditary predisposition to such pathology. It was established that combination of disorders in formation of psychological adaptation mechanisms, abdominal type of fatty tissue distribution, anemia and increase in QT interval duration in respect to heart rate on ECG (p,,0.05) should be considered as the above-mentioned markers. To reduce the possibility of development of cardiovascular pathology in servicemen with genetic determinacy and similar combination of psycho-visceral characteristics it is necessary to use the methods of psychological correction.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1988

[The effectiveness of psychorelaxation therapy in patients with hypertension].

A study of 117 patients with labile essential hypertension before as well as 6 weeks and 12 months after psychorelaxation treatment (PRT), making use of autogenous training, biological feedback or respiratory relaxation training techniques (the main group), and the control patients, exposed to no psychological effects and those on the so-called psychological placebo, demonstrated a significantly greater fall of systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and hypertensive response to emotional stress, as well as better psychological adaptation, quality of life and working capacity in the main-group patients, as compared to the controls, by the end of the study.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Sexual function in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sexual function in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and to investigate the prevalence of factors that might contribute to sexual difficulties. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey and clinical examination. SETTING: Tertiary hospital multidisciplinary intersex clinic and an international peer support group for CAIS. PATIENT(S): Sixty-six adult women with CAIS. INTERVENTION(S): Self-completed survey of sexual function, genital normality perceptions, and compliance and satisfaction with vaginal hypoplasia treatments. Hospital case notes review, and genital examination for prevalence of vaginal and clitoral hypoplasia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) scores of study participants were compared against the scores of the test validation population (as control). In physical examination participants, anatomical dimensions were assessed against published normal values for clitoral and vaginal sizes. RESULT(S): We found that 90% of women with CAIS in this study had sexual difficulties when compared with the general female population, most commonly sexual infrequency and vaginal penetration difficulty; 77% perceived their vagina as small, but on genital examination only 35% had vaginal hypoplasia. CONCLUSION(S): Androgen deficiency leads to sexual problems. Vaginal hypoplasia and negative psychological adaptation to living with an intersex condition are likely to have contributed to the high rates of sexual problems found in this study. Treatments for vaginal hypoplasia need to be evaluated with outcome studies of long-term sexual function, quality of life, and satisfaction. Clinical services for the management of intersex conditions need to be multidisciplinary and aim to optimize the patient's physical and psychological health.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Parents' psychosocial problems influencing the continuity of early intervention treatment in children with developmental delay.

Developmental delay is a chronic disorder, which has a significant and continuing impact on the developmental progress of children. Whether the developmentally delayed children have continuous early intervention treatment is important for the success of early intervention. Professionals in early intervention services have been encouraged to understand parents' psychosocial problems and to further enhance their understanding of care for their delayed children. The purposes of this study were two-fold. The first was to identify the parents' psychosocial problems. The second purpose was to find parents' psychosocial variables that could be used to significantly discriminate whether the retarded children have continuously received treatment programs. A questionnaire to investigate parents' psychosocial problems was implemented. It mainly consisted of twenty descriptive items concerning parents' psychosocial conditions. Parents used a four-point Likert scale to rate the likelihood of the items. Parents also responded as to whether their child had received treatments continuously. Subjects were the parents of children who were diagnosed to have developmental delay. Factor analysis and discriminant analysis was used for statistical data examination. Analyzed data were from 207 completely finished questionnaires. Six parents' psychosocial factors were extracted via factor analysis, and they accounted for 46.9% of the variance of the twenty items. The factors were identified as family income, family members' relationships, caring skills, supporting resources, acceptance of the retarded child, and self-psychological adaptation. About half of the children had received treatment continuously. Discriminant analysis revealed that family income was crucial to parents' capacity to meet the needs for treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Homosexual and bisexual identity in sex-reassigned female-to-male transsexuals.

Descriptions of female-to-male transsexuals who are sexually attracted to men are rare. This is a report on nine of them. Their awareness of gender dysphoria preceded their awareness of their attraction to men. Their wish to undergo sex reassignment as a means of resolving their gender dysphoria superseded any concerns about their sexual orientation or sexual adaptation after surgery. Several had had sexual relationships with men before sex reassignment which were unsatisfactory because these men viewed our subjects as women. After sex reassignment, the subjects successfully established sexual relationships with gay men; in some of them even penovaginal intercourse was part of their sexual activities. While hormonally and surgically reassigned, none of our subjects had had phalloplasty. All nine subjects were interviewed and given psychological tests measuring sexual satisfaction and psychological adjustment. Their results were compared to those of a group of self-identified gay men. No major differences in sexual satisfaction and psychological adaptation were found. The phenomenon of female-to-male transsexuals who develop a sexual orientation toward men may be more common than previously thought. Regarding female gender dysphoric individuals, our findings challenge the issue of using sexual orientation in classification systems of gender dysphoria syndromes and as a risk factor in the decision regarding sex reassignment. Further, our study invites us to rethink the genital criterion in the assessment of sexual orientation.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The psychological rehabilitation of patients having had a myocardial infarct at the polyclinic stage].

The psychological rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction was studied in 104 persons: a basic group of 70 patients and a control group of 34 patients. The E. Key's test recommended by the WHO was used. The mean age of the patients in the basic group was 51 years and that of the patients in the control group was 53 years. The employees were more numerous than the physical workers. The results of the psychological test in the basic group showed a statistically significant decrease of the state of anxiety and depression at the end of the rehabilitation period. In this group the active rehabilitation programme led to considerable favourable changes in the psychic state--improvement of the mood and diminishing of the anxiety and depression and contributed to the favourable end of the process of psychological adaptation to the changed by the disease conditions of life. The patients in the control group who did not perform the rehabilitation programme showed a tendency toward improvement of the psychic state.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Spectrum of neuropsychological changes in multiple sclerosis].

Early disability of patients with multiple sclerosis at the able-bodied age is often caused by both a neurological disorder and the difficulties of their social and psychological adaptation that is aggravated significantly by higher cortical dysfunctions and by behavioral problems. The paper presents the results of the dynamic neuropsychological observation of 124 patients with multiple sclerosis and of their first degree relatives. Even at the early stage of the disease there were some cognitive disorders as worse transitent verbal, semantic, visual memory active attention and slower sensomotor reactions; difficulties in conceptual mentality. The cognitive functions, the activity of the disease, an actual psychological state, depression for example, and the expression of brain atrophy and the localization of the foci are bound by the certain way. The personality traits of patients and their close relatives testified a possible psychosomatic nature of this disease.

Adult↗