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PubMed1994

Luting cement-metal surface physicochemical interactions on film thickness.

Low film thickness is critical to the clinical success of cemented castings. This study investigated the effect of luting agent-metal physico-chemical surface interactions on film thicknesses of representative luting agents. Control group luting agents were placed between two glass plates, as described by American Dental Association specifications 8, 61, and 66, and test group luting agents were positioned between glass and metal plates. The materials selected were zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement, glass ionomer-composite resin hybrid cement and a resinous cement, with a type III gold alloy, a noble metal ceramic alloy, and a base metal ceramic alloy. A two-way analysis of variance and follow-up tests were done. The effects of the type of metal surface, type of cement, and their statistical interaction significantly affected film thickness (p < 0.0001). The type of cement had a greater affect on film thickness than the type of metal. A glass ionomer cement produced lower overall film thicknesses than other cement types, and a noble metal ceramic alloy created lower overall film thicknesses than other types of metal. American Dental Association specifications for cement film thickness did not accurately reflect normal cement use.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed2005

Collaboration Between Dietetics and Dentistry: Dietetic Internship in Pediatric Dentistry.

The American Dietetic Association and the American Dental Association share a common interest in improving the health and quality of life of the population. Dental visits present an opportunity to identify nutrition-related issues for both the pediatric and adult population. Traditionally, dental and nutrition students have had little opportunity to learn and work together since little time was spent on nutrition in the dental curriculum. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new collaborative training experience for dietetic interns and pediatric dentistry residents. The oral health rotation for dietetic interns also has several objectives, including experience interacting with a culturally diverse population and participating in community nutrition education (Head Start). In its first 18 months, the collaborative program has been viewed as a success by the pediatric dentistry faculty and residents and the nutrition faculty and interns.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Parameter on comprehensive periodontal examination. American Academy of Periodontology.

The American Academy of Periodontology has developed the following parameter on comprehensive periodontal examination for periodontal diseases. Appropriate screening procedures may be performed to determine the need for a comprehensive periodontal evaluation. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), a screening procedure endorsed by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Periodontology, may be utilized.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic codes in dentistry--definition, utility and developments to date.

Diagnostic codes are computer-readable descriptors of patients' conditions contained in computerized patient records. The codes uniquely identify the diagnoses or conditions identified at initial or follow-up examinations that are otherwise written in English or French on the patient chart. Dental diagnostic codes would allow dentists to access information on the types and range of conditions they encounter in their practices, enhance patient communication, track clinical outcomes and monitor best practices. For the profession, system-wide use of the codes could provide information helpful in understanding the oral health of Canadians, demonstrate improvements in oral health, track best practices system-wide, and identify and monitor the progress of high-need groups in Canada. Different systems of diagnostic codes have been implemented by program managers in Germany, the United Kingdom and North America. In Toronto, the former North York Community Dental Services developed and implemented a system that follows the logic used by the Canadian Dental Association for its procedure codes. The American Dental Association is now preparing for the release of SNODENT codes. The addition of diagnostic codes to the service codes already contained in computerized patient records could allow easier analysis of the rich evidence available on the oral health and oral health care of Canadians, thereby enhancing our ability to continuously improve patient care.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2002

Women dentists, Hobbs and after.

Many important events in dentistry took place in the U.S. in the mid-eighteenth century. It was changing from a craft usually transmitted by a preceptor to a science taught in established schools. Among the changes was founding of the first dental school, founding of the first dental journal, and 19 years later founding of the National Dental Association, which in time became the American Dental Association. Following Lucy Beaman Hobbs and Henriette Hirschfeld and their initial struggles, many women applied to dental school and received their degrees. While some of these women may not have practiced dentistry after graduation, many did. Several were active in organized dentistry and published articles on a variety of dental topics. Not much is known about many of the pioneers and the purpose of this work is to study the demographics of the first women who were accepted for study in dental schools of the United States and, where possible, their professional activities and contributions to the profession once they graduated.

Dentists, Women↗
PubMed2000

Sexual harassment in dentistry: experiences of Virginia dental hygienists.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if dental hygienists in the Commonwealth of Virginia experienced sexual harassment while employed in oral health care settings. Other interests were to determine if dental hygienists experienced sexual harassment, to what extent they felt professionally prepared to respond to unwanted sexual behaviors; did they perceive sexual harassment as a problem in the oral health care environment; and was attrition from their employment associated with sexual harassment. METHODS: A questionnaire, Sexual Harassment in the Dental Hygiene Profession, designed by the author, was used in this research. A list of currently licensed and registered dental hygienists was obtained from the Virginia Board of Dental Examiners and the questionnaire was sent to 540 randomly selected registered Virginia dental hygienists. Two weeks after the initial mailing, a second questionnaire was sent to non-respondents. The survey elicited data on experience, management, and personal opinions relative to sexual harassment, as well as demographic information. Results were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and the chi-square test of association. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-five surveys (53%) were returned and useable. Findings revealed that 54% of the responding dental hygienists experienced sexual harassment. Of these, 50% experienced sexual harassment four or more years ago, 23% one to three years ago and 28% within the last year; these categories were mutually exclusive. The perpetrators of the harassment were reported to be either male dentists (73%) or male clients (45%). Less than 10% reported being harassed by women. While 70% of the sexually harassed respondents indicated that filing formal complaints was an effective strategy for managing sexual harassment, less than 1% actually did so. Of all dental hygienists (harassed or not), 90% did not receive training in their dental education to manage sexual harassment, and 85% would like the American Dental Hygienists' Association to develop model guidelines and policies. Demographic characteristics were typical of practicing dental hygienists in Virginia; 99% female, 96% Caucasian, and 86% married with a mean age of 40 years. CONCLUSION: Information about managing sexual harassment needs to be incorporated into the dental hygiene curricula. This curriculum addition should include information on identifying sexual harassment incidents, strategies for controlling unacceptable behavior, the legal rights of employees, and the process of filing a formal complaint. Dental hygienists need to identify sexual harassment behaviors and receive prevention training though continuing education courses. Furthermore, the American Dental Hygienists Association and the American Dental Association need to collaboratively develop guidelines and policies for dentists and dental hygienists regarding the management of sexual harassment in the oral health care setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The economics of dentistry continue to improve into the second half of the 1980's.

A review of federal agency and American Dental Association reports reveals a consistent favorable picture of dental economics into the second half of the 1980's. It's unanimous - the economics of dentistry continue to improve through the 1980s. That's the result of reports from the Internal Revenue Service, the Bureau of the Census, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), the Department of Labor and the American Dental Association. And these reports of improving economic developments forms of dental practice. But most important, projections through the year 2000 from the Health Care Financing Administration continue this favorable chorus.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed2001

Guidelines: In-office use of conscious sedation in periodontics.

In this time of heightened awareness of periodontal diseases and the potential consequences of untreated disease, a deterrent in the delivery of periodontal care continues to be patient anxiety concerning treatment and the fear of pain. These guidelines are intended for periodontists in the in-office use of enteral, inhalation, and/or parenteral conscious sedation in the delivery of care. The definitions, educational guidelines, and policies presented in these guidelines are consistent with the most current American Dental Association (ADA) documents Guidelines for the Use of Conscious Sedation, Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia for Dentists and the Guidelines for Teaching the Comprehensive Control of Anxiety and Pain in Dentistry available from the American Dental Association, 211 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611 or http://www.ada.org, and for Revisions to Anesthesia Care Standards Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Ambulatory Care, effective January 1, 2001, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, available through http://www.jcaho.org/standard/anesamb.html. This paper replaces the former position paper entitled "Guidelines for the Use of Conscious Sedation in Periodontics."

Analgesia↗
PubMed2005

ADA initiates development of orthodontic informatics standards.

Standards are the key to interoperability across systems. The American Dental Association (ADA) has been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as a standards-developing organization. The ADA sponsors standards programs for all areas of dentistry, including dental materials and products and dental informatics. ANSI/ADA Specification No. 1000, Standard Clinical Data Architecture for the Structure and Content of an Electronic Health Record, is the first ANSI standard that defines the fundamental data structures used to make patient health records. The standard promotes the sharing of like data between dentists, physicians, and hospitals.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed2003

A retrospective of America's second National Dental Association.

This article describes one hundred and fifty years of history concerning organized dentistry among African Americans. African Americans were welcomed in the National Negro Medical Association of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists (NMA) as early as 1895 and later created a dental professional group, the Interstate Dental Association, in the mid-Atlantic states. The "second" National Dental Association, a national-wide African American association was created in 1932. African Americans earned full membership in the American Dental Association in 1964. This article traces these developments against the background of changing American society and concludes by mentioning some of the recent accomplishments and collaborative relationships of the current NDA.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

Demonstration of a fluoride dose response with an in situ single-section dental caries model.

The in situ dental caries model developed in Glasgow was evaluated by determining whether it could demonstrate a fluoride dose response in a crossover study using 0, 250, and 1,000 ppm F from sodium fluoride dentifrices. In situ appliances, each carrying four enamel sections with multiple artificial carious lesions, were worn by 12 dentate subjects for three 5-week experimental runs, during which they brushed twice daily with a test paste. Mineral changes in the lesions were measured by analyzing microradiographs, using an image analysis system, after 0, 2, 4, and 5 weeks and the rate of change calculated. Two-way analysis of variance showed no significant intersubject effects (for any of the parameters), but demonstrated strong evidence of a linear fluoride dose effect: total mineral loss (delta z) p = 0.0596; lesion body p = 0.0423; surface zone p = 0.0081. However, the exclusion of the data from 1 low-caries (DMFS = 1), high-calculus-forming subject produced even stronger evidence as to the efficacy of this model (delta z p = 0.0226; lesion body p = 0.0164; surface zone p = 0.0081). Hence, these results suggest this model is useful for studying fluoride products according to guidelines of American Dental Association.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of different grades of gum rosins and hydrogenated resins on the solubility, disintegration, and dimensional alterations of Grossman cement.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of the addition of different grades of gum rosins and hydrogenated resins to Grossman cement on dimensional stability, solubility and disintegration. pH and conductivity, which may affect these properties, were also determined. The experiments were performed according to Specification 57 of the American Dental Association for root canal cements using Grossman cements containing three gum rosins (grades X, WW, and WG) and two hydrogenated resins (Staybelite and Staybelite ester 10). The results showed that the solubility, disintegration, and dimensional stability of Grossman cement containing Staybelite and Staybelite ester 10 were inferior to the values considered acceptable by the American Dental Association Specification 57.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients with prosthetic joints: are they at risk when receiving invasive dental procedures?

Most prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are due to wound contamination at the time of surgery. Some infections occur due to the hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant sites of infection. A review of the literature falls to associate PJI with transient bacteremias from invasive dental procedures. Several authors have described conditions which, they believe, render patients with prosthetic joints more at risk for infection. Prosthetic joint patients with these "high risk" conditions have the same types of infecting organisms as other patients with PJI. This indicates that the infecting bacteria are from wound contamination or distant sites of infection and not related to dental procedure bacteremias. Based on this review, antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated for patients with prosthetic joints when receiving invasive dental procedures, since there is no proven benefit and there are known risks involved with the use of antibiotics. However, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), in an advisory statement, suggest prophylaxis for "high risk" patients. The ADA and AAOS recommend a single dose of amoxicillin, cephradine, or clindamycin when prophylaxis is selected. The dentist is ultimately responsible for making treatment recommendations for his or her patients.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1992

Compliance of Michigan dentists with radiographic safety recommendations.

We surveyed a random sample of 398 Michigan dentists in private practice to determine their compliance with the American Dental Association Council's recommendations for radiographic equipment and techniques. The response rate was 67% of the questionnaires delivered successfully. The majority of dentists use only D-speed film (73%) and round collimation of the x-ray beam (90%). Only 5% have an x-ray machine equipped with a rectangular collimator and 18% have at least one machine with a pointed cone. Leaded apron use is almost universal, but only 49% of the dentists use cervical collars in addition to the apron. The majority of dentists surveyed do not comply with the American Dental Association Council's recommendations on film speed, collimation, and use of leaded cervical collar. Using effective dose equivalents determined by Gibbs et al. for a variety of radiographic techniques, we estimate that an eight-fold reduction in radiation dose could be achieved without eliminating a single radiograph if all dentists used E-speed film and collimation of the beam to the size of the film.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

The effect of autoclave sterilization on endodontic files.

This study evaluates the effect of cyclic autoclave sterilization and simulated clinical usage on a mechanical property of one brand of stainless steel endodontic files. The angular deflection moments were measured by a torque apparatus approved by the American Dental Association for such purposes. Comparisons of values for sterilized and nonsterilized files were made. 1. A significant decrease in angular deflection values exists for stainless steel endodontic files having undergone ten cycles of autoclave sterilization versus files having undergone only two or five similar cyclings. 2. All file sizes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40) tested in torsion were detrimentally affected by the autoclave sterilization. 3. Of the files investigated, sizes 35 and 40 were the most adversely affected by the steam-under-pressure sterilization. 4. The angular deflection values of those files subjected to repeated autoclavings were not decreased below the minimum value accepted by the American Dental Association for resistance to torquing forces. It can therefore be concluded that repeated sterilization of a stainless steel endodontic file does result in a significant reduction in the torque resistance of that file. This reduction of the metal property is not significant clinically, however.

Endodontics↗