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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effects of some putative antidepressant agents on the schedule-controlled behavior of the pigeon.

Numerous "second-generation" antidepressants with pharmacological profiles and chemical structures different from those of the tricyclic antidepressants have recently been developed. We examined the actions of four of these compounds (mianserin, maprotiline, trazodone and fluvoxamine) on the responding of pigeons under two different multiple (mult) schedules of grain presentation (a mult fixed-interval (FI) 600-s fixed-ratio (FR) 30-response and a mult FI 200-s FI 200-s in which responding in one component was punished by intermittent presentation of a brief electric shock). The rate of FI 600-s responding was greatly increased by several doses of maprotiline and mianserin, which either did not affect or produced only small increases in the rate of FR 30 responding. Fluvoxamine and trazodone did not produce similar differential effects. Relatively low doses of maprotiline, mianserin and trazodone decreased the FI quarter-lives. Fluvoxamine only decreased the FI quarter-life at a dose that largely eliminated responding. Mianserin produced proportionally greater increases in the rate of punished FI 200-s responding than in the rate of unpunished FI 200-s responding. Selective effects on punished responding were not seen with maprotiline, fluvoxamine and trazodone.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Somatic and biological factors predicting a response to antidepressive agents].

In order to assess the predictive value of somatic and biological factors in antidepressant trials, non specific parameters, i.e. natural course of illness, life events, placebo effect ... have to be controlled by means of studies vs placebo. Among somatic factors, retardation seems to predict a positive response to antidepressants. The predictive value of other endogenous signs--like insomnia or weight loss--is still questioned. Few biochemical parameters appear relevant when metabolites of central monoamines, their precursors and the enzymatic processes involved are considered. The serotoninergic system is the focus of many studies. Among the neuroendocrine indices, the DST proved too poorly specific of depression. Among the physiological parameters, some characteristics of sleep EEG, like a shortening of REM latency, seem promising. Pharmacological challenges, for instance response to stimulant drugs, gave inconsistent results and should be discussed on ethical grounds. Many studies have been undertaken but presently no routine reliable biological index is available to predict a response to antidepressants.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1978

[The use of direct and indirect parasympathomimetics in poisonings with tricyclic antidepressive agents].

The use of cholinesterase inhibitors in poisonings with potentially lethal doses of tricyclic antidepressive drugs seems to be indicated on account of clinical experiences and own experimental investigations on animals. An uncritical use of these substances which have considerable side-effects must be warned of. A mixed intoxication with several drugs effecting on the central nervous system is only a relative indication for the use of indirect parasympathicomimetics of the cholinesterase type. They should be used only then, when the picture of poisoning is unequivocally determined by the thymoleptics. When cholinesterase inhibitors are used the physostigmine salicylate should be preferred, since at present it is sufficiently accessible to the central nervous system and with the slightest peripheral effects as the only representative of this group of substances, above all with regard to the gastrointestinal motility. Later investigations shall show, whether also other groups of substances which develop an antagonistic effect to the tricyclic antidepressive drugs may be of use in the treatment of the acute poisoning.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1998

[Use of new antidepressive agents in general practice].

There is much discussion about the use of the new antidepressant drugs. Some advocate a more liberal use while others criticize overprescribing. Our study examines the indication, dosage and length of treatment in five family practices. Records of 208 patients prescribed one of three new antidepressants in 1995 were reviewed. 90% had depression or anxiety while 10% received medication for pain or for other symptoms. Dosage and median length of treatment were in accordance with recommended guidelines. However, a number of patients discontinue their medication within a month of start of treatment. The study did not examine the reason for this, but side effects or lack of effect are possible explanations. 36 patients were treated for a year or longer and we raise the question whether abstinence-like symptoms or the physicians prescribing practice can explain this finding. The article also examines the increased sale of the new antidepressants in Norway and in Aust-Agder county specifically, the county in Norway with the largest per capita sale of these drugs.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗
PubMed1996

[Serotonin syndrome in acute poisoning with antidepressive agents].

We report a case of severe serotonin syndrome after self-poisoning with two antidepressant drugs, paroxetine (a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake) and moclobemide (a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A). The serotonin syndrome is characterized by neuromuscular, behavioural, and autonomic changes. It occurs with the use of drugs able to increase serotonergic transmission in brain by acting on biosynthesis, reuptake, catabolism or release of serotonin. Treatment is symptomatic. The incidence of severe cases seems to have increased, probably due to the use of new antidepressant "specific" inhibitors of the serotonin reuptake.

Adult↗