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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Interstitial cystitis: urgency and frequency syndrome.

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic, severely debilitating disease of the urinary bladder. Excessive urgency and frequency of urination, suprapubic pain, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and negative urine cultures are characteristic of interstitial cystitis. The course of the disease is usually marked by flare-ups and remissions. Other conditions that should be ruled out include bacterial cystitis, urethritis, neoplasia, vaginitis and vulvar vestibulitis. Interstitial cystitis is diagnosed by cystoscopy and hydrodistention of the bladder. Glomerulations or Hunner's ulcers found at cystoscopy are diagnostic. Oral treatments of interstitial cystitis include pentosan polysulfate, tricyclic antidepressants and antihistamines. Intravesicular therapies include hydrodistention, dimethyl sulfoxide and heparin, or a combination of agents. Referral to a support group should be offered to all patients with interstitial cystitis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2000

The diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis is a severe bladder disease of unknown etiology with no cure. The diagnosis and treatment of this difficult disease has frustrated both patients and clinicians alike. Multimodality therapy is the most effective treatment for interstitial cystitis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2002

Interstitial cystitis: diagnosis and treatment options.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disease complex characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and bladder pain without an identifiable cause. Essentially, IC is a diagnosis of exclusion. The lack of knowledge of pathophysiology remains the biggest hurdle in diagnosis and treatment of this puzzling and troublesome disorder. Nevertheless, several recent advances, coupled with increased public awareness of this disease, make it easier for physicians and patients to effectively deal with IC.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

[Miliary tuberculosis as a complication of BCG immunotherapy in cancer of the bladder. Case report].

Intravesical administration of BCG may be used as an ancillary immunotherapy after endoscopic resection for cancer of the bladder. Local side effects are usually mild. Here is reported a patient who developed miliary tuberculosis after this form of therapy. Radiologic studies of the thorax and liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient recovered after treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs (TA-81 scheme). Epithelial trauma may be invoked as an alteration facilitating this complication. Although it develops infrequently, patients with bladder cancer treated with BCG must be monitored for this complication.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1999

Medical and minimally invasive treatment of urinary incontinence.

Newer agents and procedures give urologists more options in treating patients who have urinary incontinence related to such etiologies as an ineffective sphincter, detrusor hypersensitivity, obstruction, or a combination of these. Abolition of the involuntary contractions characteristic of detrusor instability can be accomplished pharmacologically or surgically. First-line anticholinergic agents are tolterodine and oxybutynin XL, given orally. Alternatively, intravesical administration provides a high concentration of drug, such as capsaicin or resiniferatoxin, at the detrusor muscle level. However, this commits the patient to intermittent self-catheterization. Surgery is reserved for those who have failed prolonged trials of conservative therapies. For patients with intractable urge incontinence, urologists have the new technique of sacral nerve stimulation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Carcinogenesis by nitrosamines and azoxyalkanes by different routes of administration to rats.

The effects of administering similar doses of some simple alkylating agents to rats by different regimens have been compared. Two of the compounds were methylating agents, nitrosodimethylamine and azoxymethane; two were ethylating agents, nitrosodiethylamine and azoxyethane; and nitrosomethylethylamine was both a methylating and an ethylating agent. The treatments gave rise to tumors in almost all treated rats. The results indicate the importance of pharmacokinetics in determining which organs are the targets of the alkylating carcinogens.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1980

Morphological effects of mitomycin C administered intravesically to normal mice and mice with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide-induce bladder neoplasms.

The intravesical administration of mitomycin C to normal and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiozolyl]formamide-induced bladder tumor-carrying mice at initial concentrations of 2 and 5 mg/ml for 2 hr resulted in marked morphological effects including cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities and disruption of surface architecture. Tumors cells and normal urothelial cells were sensitive to the effects of mitomycin C. These effects were limited to epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Early induction of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase activity by rodent vesical carcinogens.

The responses of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activities were studied following topical intravesical administration of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) or 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT), potent rodent bladder carcinogens. A single bladder topical application of ANFT or FANFT resulted in a significant increase over controls of ornithine decarboxylase activity within 5 hr, with a return to control levels by 10 hr. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity demonstrated a lesser response to topical ANFT or FANFT, achieving a level 2 or 3 times that of controls at 5 to 8 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels. Stimulation of activities of both enzymes was dose dependent over a range of 4.6 to 460 nmol of ANFT. ANFT-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity was principally localized in the bladder epithelium and was inhibited in a linear dose-response relationship by the synthetic retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid. Mice given FANFT p.o. demonstrated a significant increase over controls in ornithine decarboxylase activity within 12 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels by 72 hr.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1980

Misonidazole in the preoperative and radical radiotherapy of bladder cancer.

Measurement of intercapillary distances suggests the presence of significant cell hypoxia in Bilharzial bladder cancer. This tumor seems to be capable of reoxygenation in view of the existence of a correlation between prognosis and immediate tumor shrinkage after irradiation. Two programs are presented: 1) Use of misonidazole with concentrated preoperative irradiation where the reoxygenation properties are not used fully. A prospective randomized study is presented whereby cystectomy alone is compared with cystectomy plus preoperative irradiation (6.5 Gy X 2F/1 week) with or without misonidazole. the drug is given either orally (in two doses 3 g/m2 each given 3.5 hours prior to each fraction; blood levels: 90-110 micrograms/ml) or intravesically. The intravesical administration is designed in the light of penetration studies and seems to have the advantage of the complete lack of systemic drug toxicity. Twenty-eight patients were included in this study and no drug toxicity was recorded. A second preoperative irradiation study is presented whereby cystectomy alone is compared with cystectomy plus preoperative irradiation (4.0 Gy X 5F) with or without misonidazole in individual doses of 2 g/m2. 2) Two radical radiotherapy regimes are presented. One protocol involves a split course (SC) protracted regime making full use of spontaneous reoxygenation. The drug is given in 0.5 g/m2 daily doses (total dose 14 g/m2 spread over 61 days, blood level: 15-20 micrograms/ml). A second protocol involves hyperfractionation stimulating continuous low-dose-rate irradiation. Higher blood levels are attained (60-80 micrograms/ml) after daily doses of 2 g/m2 (total dose: 14 g/m2 spread over 35 days). In a phase II study using SC technic, reversible grade 1 peripheral neuropathy was encountered in 5 of 22 patients. Complete tumor regression 3 months after irradiation was achieved in 18 of 22 patients with 3T tumors. No neuropathy was encountered in four patients subjected to the HF regimen who also showed complete tumor regression.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1995

Acute polyarthritis after BCG-therapy for bladder carcinoma in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

A case of polyarthritis following intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for bladder carcinoma is reported in a patient with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. Possible links between BCG-therapy and joint manifestations are discussed in the light of data from the literature. Patients who develop joint manifestations after BCG-therapy are often HLA B27-positive.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Biodistribution and phototoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced PpIX in an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor of heme biosynthesis. In the penultimate step of this biosynthesis, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an effective photosensitizer, is generated. In this study, the biodistribution and photodynamic effect of ALA-induced PpIX were investigated in an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model. A quantitative comparison of PpIX biodistribution by extraction and fluorescence spectroscopy following intravenous and intravesical administration of ALA was made. The tumor to normal bladder wall ratio was 2:1 at 4 hours for both delivery modes. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated predominantly cellular rather than stromal PpIX fluorescence. Phototoxicity, evaluated 4 hours after ALA administration, was light dose-dependent with the most efficient tumor necrosis being observed upon 150 J/cm.2 of 630 nm. irradiation. These data suggest that optimized photodynamic therapy with ALA-induced PpIX may be an alternative treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical efficacy of post-TUR prophylactic chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer--the result of co-operative prospective randomized trial].

We have performed a prospective randomized clinical trial of post-operative prophylactic therapy for superficial bladder cancer since October in 1991. The criteria were as follows; age < or = 80 y.o., Ta/T1, TCC G1/G2, without CIS lesion and resectable cancer by TUR. The therapeutic arm was divided into three as follows: arm A intracystic instillation with Epirubicin; arm B: oral administration with 5-FU; arm C: combination of arm A and arm B. The number of registered patients were 20 in arm A, 18 in arm B, and 18 in arm C. The patient characteristics in every group were not significantly different. The prophylactic efficacy of arm A was superior to that in the other two groups.

Administration, Intravesical↗