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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Analysis of the anesthesiologists' action patterns concerning regulation of the blood pressure and the concentration of inhalational anesthesia].

The action pattern of each anesthesiologist is different. We have developed a computer program simulating anesthesiologists' action patterns during operation and have extracted the action patterns of anesthesiologists using a computer program. The simulation program was designed to gather data on anesthesiologists' response to the change in blood pressure. The results indicate that the action pattern differs significantly from one anesthesiologist to another in responding to the change in blood pressure. That of one particular anesthesiologist remained the same, regardless of the agent used. His action pattern is directed only by the value of MAC and according to his own personal principle.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of changes in cardiac output on oxygenation and intrapulmonary short circuit (Qs/Qt) under inhalation anesthesia].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relation between changes in pulmonary shunt and minute volume induced by blood loss, using an animal model with anesthetic maintenance by isoflurane CAM 1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight dogs were given balanced anesthesia with pancuronium and isoflurane. Variables monitored were systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous and pulmonary capillary pressures and minute volume. Arterial and mixed venous blood gas measurements were taken from the pulmonary artery catheter, and blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin in order to calculate pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt). Two levels or stages of hypovolemia were studied: a) level I = loss of 20% blood volume and b) level II = loss of 30%. RESULTS: A significant decrease of 35% (139 +/- 43 to 90 +/- 24 ml/min-1/kg-1; p < 0.001) in minute volume was observed at the first level of hypovolemia; a 52% (139 +/- 43 to 69 +/- 23 ml/min-1/kg-1; p < 0.001) decrease was found at the second. This decrease was accompanied by similar drops in Qs/Qt of 34% (18.2 +/- 5% to 12.1 +/- 5%; p < 0.01) and 47% (18.2 +/- 5% to 9.2 +/- 5%; p < 0.01) at the first and second levels, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a direct relation between changes in Qs/Qt with changes in minute volume. CONCLUSIONS: The data reported in this study indicate that changes in Qs/Qt are directly related to those of minute volume in the presence of isoflurane.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[Inhalation anesthesia in unusual situations: the Eole 2 NA ventilator].

The volumetric ventilator Eole 2 NA has been adapted to work as an anaesthesia machine with low flow or closed system. This modified device is very easy to use in exceptional situations: because of its strength and reliability; its favorable quality/price ratio; versatile electrical supply: mains (220 volts) or 24 D.C.V. from internal battery (2 hours autonomy) or external battery (8 hours autonomy); gas economy: less than 1 L.min-1 of fresh gas flow, whether O2/N2O = 0.5 L.min-1 of each gas or 1 L.min-1 delivered by an oxygen concentrator. Clinical trials are discussed.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The standardization of equipment for artificial pulmonary ventilation and inhalation anesthesia in Russia].

Basic trends in the standardization of anesthetic and respiratory equipment are considered. Its important impact on the functional characteristics, safety, and specific features in the manufacture of apparatuses, for artificial lung and ventilation anesthesia are stressed. A brief review of the system of standards that apply to this important type of medical equipment is given. The need for taking into account the international standards which reflect the global practice of design and use of anesthetic and respiratory equipment is emphasized. Basic difficulties in applying the standards are due to a great number of various normative documents, a more strict and frequently formal approach that exists in Russia for meeting the specifications, weak effectualness of standards for components used in general engineering. Topical tasks to harmonize the requirements for standards, to make consideration of the existing features of design, production, and use better, and to expand the requirements for the functional characteristics of equipment are set.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasonographic pregnancy detection and inhalation anesthesia in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica).

Female gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) with known breeding dates were anesthetized with isoflurane for ultrasonographic pregnancy detection. Beginning on gestational day 9, gravid females could be identified using a 9-MHz mechanical sector-scanning transducer equipped with a standoff pad. Fluid-filled vesicles 3 to 4 mm in diameter were seen within the thick-walled uteri on gestational days 9 and 10. Visualization revealed loss of individual vesicles, with replacement by thick, irregular uterine walls and some free luminal fluid by gestational days 12 and 13. On the basis of subsequent birth of pups, sonographic diagnosis of pregnancy was accurate in 27 of 28 oppossums examined.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1978

Glutathione depletion following inhalation anesthesia.

Glutathione depletion following inhalation of halogenated anesthetics was investigated as a possible mechanism of toxic reactions associated with anesthesia. Concentrations of reduced glutathione were measured in the blood, liver, lung and kidney of the mouse after anesthesia with enflurane, fluroxene, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, or trichloroethylene. The anesthetic had no effect on glutathione concentrations in tissues except when fluroxene was used. After two hours of fluroxene anesthesia, glutathione in liver, lung, kidney, and blood was depleted by 93, 85, 85, and 61 per cent, respectively. The depletion was dose-dependent and was more extensive in animals anesthetized after phenobarbital pretreatment. Glutathione was also depleted in livers and lungs of rats anesthetized with fluroxene (60 and 38 per cent, respectively). In blood of rhesus monkeys anesthetized with fluroxene, glutathione was depleted by only 13 per cent. Extents of glutathione depletion are related to fluroxene toxicities in the three species studied.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Constant positive airway pressure reduces hypoventilation induced by inhalation anesthesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To discover if reducing respiratory system impedance would increase tidal volume and improve ventilation during inhalation anesthesia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cross-over study. SUBJECTS: Nine ASA physical status I and II adult female oncology patients undergoing breast operations with or without lymph node dissection and general anesthesia while breathing spontaneously. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS: Patients underwent alternating trials of constant positive airway pressure, with or without pressure support. Constant positive airway pressure and pressure support were titrated to maximize respiratory system compliance and equal inspiratory pressure gradient across tracheal tube, respectively. Variables reflecting cardiovascular function, pulmonary mechanics and lung gas exchange, and respired gases and isoflurane concentrations were measured. MAIN RESULTS: End-tidal concentration of isoflurane (1.3 +/- 0.2%), Fio(2) (0.43 +/- 0.09 ), and CO(2) elimination (209 +/- 42 mL min(-1)) was unchanged throughout study in patients aged 63 +/- 12 years, weighing 72 +/- 12 kg. Constant positive airway pressure (12 +/- 2 cm H(2)O) increased respiratory system compliance from 52 +/- 8 to 80 +/- 9 mL cm H(2)O(-1) (P < .001), tidal volume from 156 +/- 32 to 325 +/- 52 mL (P < .001), and minute ventilation from 4.37 +/- 0.86 to 6.18 +/- 0.92 L min(-1) (P < .001). Respiratory rate decreased from 29 +/- 7 to 19 +/- 2 min(-1) (P < .001), Paco(2) decreased from 54 +/- 8 to 44 +/- 6 mm Hg (P < .001), and Pao(2) increased from 137 +/- 37 to 160 +/- 64 mm Hg (P < .001). Pressure support (3.1 +/- 0.3 cm H(2)O) did not alter ventilation or gas exchange. CONCLUSION: We conclude that constant positive airway pressure titrated to optimal respiratory system compliance will increase efficiency of inspiratory muscles and improve ventilation. Constant positive airway pressure facilitates a pattern of breathing that minimizes some of the adverse pulmonary effects of inhalation anesthesia.

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