PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Athletic Performance”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The use of drugs to improve athletic performance].

In sports, medical drugs are applied for supposedly ergogenic effects. Forbidden drug use (doping) implies that the drug enhances performance, which is not always the case. Amphetamines are ergogenic particularly during short-term, explosive exercise. Amphetamines exert an ergolytic effect on high-intensity endurance exercise. Caffeine has an ergogenic effect on endurance performance in dosages of 3 to 6 mg/kg. Doping regulations allow a small amount of caffeine intake. Androgenic and anabolic steroids elicit an increase in muscle growth and strength. In females low doses appear to be ergogenic in all sport types. beta 2-adrenergic agonists appear to have a positive effect on strength and muscle growth. The effects on endurance performance are still unknown. Although growth hormone is used in sports, scientific studies show that compared with placebo no difference in strength and muscle volume is observed. Blood doping and administration of erythropoietin are effective in enhancing endurance performance.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1976

[Atypical vagal Wenckebach period in a high performance athlete].

A 27-year-old man, engaged in heavy physical training, exhibited sinusbradyarrhythmia with atrial abnormality and second degree av-block (atypical Wenckebach period). Since abnormal sinusrhythms was established with exercise and following parasympathetic blockade, this rhythm disorder was considered consequential exaggerated vagal tone. With the aid of His-bundle electrocardiography the block was localized in the av-node (AH).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Progressive decline in athletic performance].

A 48-year old engineer presented with progressive decline in sports performance. A history of latent hypothyroidism was known since 3 years. Adrenocortical insufficiency was suggested and confirmed by further investigations. Because of additional autoimmune thyroiditis and family history with autoimmune diabetes of the son, the diagnosis polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II was made.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

Subchondral cystic lesions of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses: 12 cases (1983-2000).

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and radiographic features of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses that could be used to classify these lesions as being related to osteochondrosis or osteoarthritis and to evaluate results of surgical debridement. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 12 horses with 14 SCL. PROCEDURE: Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: In 6 young horses (8 lesions), SCL were considered to be related to osteochondrosis; all involved the lateral tibial condyle. The remaining 6 horses were mature and had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in addition to SCL. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 4 horses in which lesions were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis and in 3 horses with osteoarthritis. Three horses in which SCL were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis performed athletically after debridement. Two horses with moderate osteoarthritis returned to work after arthroscopic debridement but at a lower level of athletic performance. One horse with SCL related to osteochondrosis responded to medical treatment and went on to race. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that arthroscopic debridement of SCL is feasible in horses in which lesions involve the cranial portion of the lateral or medial tibial condyle, and that treated horses may be able to perform athletically.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Sex differences on use of associative and dissociative cognitive strategies among male and female athletes.

This study assessed whether men and women differed in using associative and dissociative cognitive strategies during athletic performance. Athletes (31 men, M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 3.9 and 29 women, M age = 22.9 yr., SD = 4.3) who practiced endurance activities (running, swimming, and cycling) were considered high-level performers because they participated in national or international competition. The athletes were interviewed, and Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to evaluate and quantify two cognitive strategies. Most specifically, categories of association concerned the way the athlete paid close attention to bodily signals, and categories of dissociation described how the athlete shunned sensory inputs. Analysis of variance and the t test showed that women tend to be more dissociative than men and men more associative than women. The results suggest that pain perception in these sports may be a function of sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Results of plate fixation of type 1b olecranon fractures in 24 horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Previous olecranon fracture reports contain a small proportion of type 1b fractures, with only a few repaired by tension band plate fixation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate subject details, history, clinical findings and outcome of type 1b olecranon fractures in a large group of horses treated by tension band plate fixation. METHODS: Medical records of 77 horses diagnosed with an olecranon fracture were reviewed. Twenty-four horses (31%) were classified as having type 1b olecranon fractures. Clinical details and follow-up results (4-128 months post operatively) were recorded. RESULTS: Treatment included open reduction and internal fixation using a narrow dynamic compression plate (n = 20), conservative therapy (n = 2) and euthanasia (n = 2). Long-term follow-up was available for 16 plated horses. Four were sound and in training and 9 were sound and performing athletically. Articular surface involvement, comminution, open status or removal of anconeal process fragments did not appear to affect prognosis or soundness. CONCLUSIONS: Internal plate fixation provides an excellent prognosis for an animal capable of athletic performance. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Describing tension band plate fixation and results offers a method of fracture repair that will improve the treatment and prognosis for type 1b olecranon fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Results of plate fixation of type 5 olecranon fractures in 20 horses.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Previous olecranon fracture reports contain a small proportion of type 5 fractures, mostly treated with conservative therapy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical details and outcome of type 5 olecranon fractures in a large group of horses treated by tension band plate fixation and to compare results with other treatment methods. METHODS: Medical records of 97 cases, including 32 (33%) classified as type 5, were reviewed. Subject details, history, radiographic findings, treatment and follow-up results (2-146 months post operatively) were recorded. RESULTS: Treatment included open reduction and internal fixation using a narrow or broad dynamic compression plate (n = 20), conservative therapy (n = 7) and euthanasia (n = 5). Long-term follow-up was available in 15 cases treated surgically, of which 2 were sound and in training, 11 sound and performing athletically and 2 unsound. Distal semilunar notch involvement, comminution or open status did not appear to affect prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Internal plate fixation provides an excellent prognosis for an animal to be capable of athletic performance. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Describing tension band plate fixation and results offers a method of fracture repair that should improve treatment and prognosis for type 5 olecranon fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin and mineral supplementation: effect on the running performance of trained athletes.

There is limited scientific justification for the widespread use of vitamin and mineral supplements by athletes. We used a 9-mo, placebo-controlled crossover study design to determine whether a multivitamin and mineral supplement influenced the athletic performance of 30 competitive male athletes. At 0, 3, 6, and 9 mo the runners performed a progressive treadmill test to volitional exhaustion for measurement of maximal oxygen consumption, peak running speed, blood lactate turnpoint, and peak postexercise blood lactate level. Running time in a 15 km time trial was also measured. None of these variables was influenced by 3 mo of active supplementation. We conclude that 3 mo of multivitamin and mineral supplementation was without any measurable ergogenic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Visual loss and performance in blind athletes.

We examined the relationship between visual loss and athletic performance and evaluated the visual classification system used in the 1988 United States Association of Blind Athletes (USABA) Summer Games. Athletes were asked about their age, sex, training, years of participation in organized competition, age at onset of blindness and were given an ophthalmologic exam that included Snellen acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields. In the speed track events, visual class,* sex, age, hours of training, and years participating were found to have a positive correlation with performance. Visual class and sex were significant predictors of performance in the intermediate distance events; visual class was the only significant predictor of performance in the long distance events. Visual class, sex, age, and hours of training were correlated with performance in the track and field (throwing) events. Weightlifting performance was influenced by age and sex. The most consistent predictor of performance in the swimming events was the number of hours training per week. Our results indicate that the current classification system for visual loss is useful for grouping athletes for competition.

Blindness↗
PubMed2000

Enhancing imagery through hypnosis: a performance aid for athletes.

This value of imagery in sports is widely acknowledged. The contribution of hypnosis to enhancing athletes' performance is also recognized, but the value of hypnosis in enhancing imagery has little recognition. The reason for this neglect is explored. The study used Martens' Sport Imagery Questionnaire, which asked the participants to image 4 different situations in their own sport--practicing alone, practicing in front of others, watching a teammate, and competing. Participants reported their subjective impression of vividness on four dimensions--visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and affective. The 14 athletes participating imaged each situation in and out of hypnosis--half of the time the imagery in hypnosis came first and half after. The participants reported that the imagery under hypnosis was more intense for each dimension and more intense for each situation. Whether the imagery was done under hypnosis first or after was not significant. The findings suggest that hypnosis substantially enhances imagery intensity and effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine on selected physiologic and performance parameters in athletically conditioned thoroughbred horses during an incremental exercise stress test.

Following the regimen used to treat equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, sulfadiazine (20 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1mg/kg) were administered orally once daily to 12 physically conditioned Thoroughbred horses for 4 consecutive days. The horses were randomly assigned to two test groups in a crossover design, with each horse serving as its own control. A stepwise exercise stress test was conducted to exhaustion. No effect on athletic performance was observed, and only marginal effects were noted in some hematologic and serochemical measurements, including decreased total white blood cell counts, red blood cell distribution width, total hemoglobin, serum sodium, and serum chloride. Serum folic acid concentration decreased significantly following sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine treatment.

Animals↗