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PubMed1993

Complexoproductive and antiheparin properties of low density lipoproteins (LDL). VI. Antiheparin activity in blood plasma of different species of vertebrates.

Antiheparin activity of plasma of different species of vertebrates depends to a large extent on contents of low density lipoproteins (LDL). High antiheparin activity of the blood plasma of chicken and human corresponds to high contents of LDL and low antiheparin activity of the blood plasma of horse, cow, sheep, dog and pig corresponds to decreased contents of these proteins. Differences in the contents of fibrinogen, acid alfa1-glycoproteins, globulins, alkaline proteins and antithrombin III activity have smaller influence on antiheparin activity in the blood plasma of the examined animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Oxidized lipoproteins in blood plasma: possible marker of atherosclerosis progression.

Oxidized lipoproteins and antioxidants were detected during the course of hypercholesterolemia development in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Lipid peroxides in blood plasma and very-low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL, LDL, and HDL) were increased during the course of hypercholesterolemia. The content of phospholipid peroxides increased in beta-VLDL and LDL in parallel to that of cholesterol, whereas the amount of alpha-tocopherol was decreased either in lipoproteins or blood plasma. Ascorbate and urate concentrations were also decreased. Lipid peroxides were positively correlated with volume and area of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting a relation between the concentrations of lipid peroxides in blood plasma and the progression of atheromatous lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of ascorbic acid in preservation solutions on the antioxidative potential of blood plasma during liver transplantation in miniature swine].

The antioxidative potential (AP) of blood plasma was defined for its O2-.-trapping capacity. The superoxide radicals were generated in a photochemical system and detected by luminol chemiluminescence. During the preparation phase of experimental liver transplantation on mini-pig the AP of peripheral blood increased twice. There is a 20-fold increase of AP one hour after the blood recirculation in transplant. An antioxidative defence of organ with ascorbic acid during the cold preservation period removed these increase. The possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena and the information significance of the AP measurement in blood plasma are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Bone formation after 4 weeks around blood-plasma-modified titanium implants with varying surface topographies: an in vivo study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the stability and bone ingrowth capacity to screw-shaped titanium implants with five different surface treatments. The implants were: (1) standard turned with a thin blood plasma coat (TP), (2) NaOH-etched dito with pore size 0.2-0.3 microm (E), (3) NaOH-etched with pore size 0.2-0.3 microm and a thin blood plasma coat (EP), (4) electrochemically oxidised with pore size 1-2 microm (O), (5) electrochemically oxidised with pore size 1-2 microm and a thin blood plasma coat (OP). A total of 66 implants were divided into the above-described five groups and inserted for 4 weeks into tibia and femur of 11 rabbits. The implants were evaluated by resonance frequency (RF) measurements at the time of insertion and removal, and analysed histomorphometrically at removal. The RF measurements showed that the implant stability was lower in soft bone compared to dense and increased with time. No significant differences were observed between the different surface modifications. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the implants regarding bone-to-metal contact (BMC) and bone area inside the threads (BA). The above results indicate that thin blood plasma-coated and non-coated screw-shaped titanium implants with turned, NaOH-etched and electrochemically etched surface profiles integrate similarly to bone at 1 month of implantation.

Bone Development↗
PubMed2005

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus clone 4-1 may correlate with blood plasma concentration of anti-U1 RNP and anti-Sm nuclear antibodies.

The transcription of human endogenous retrovirus E (HERV-E) clone 4-1 was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the contribution of HERV-E clone 4-1 expression in the development of SLE remains unclear. Blood plasma and PBMC from 55 patients with SLE and a control group of 35 healthy individuals were collected. Blood plasma concentration of five antinuclear antibodies including anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP), anti-Sm, anti-Scl-70, anti-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total RNA was isolated from PBMC and reverse transcribed into cDNA. The number of copies of HERV-E clone 4-1 gag transcript in PBMC was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis. Spearman statistical analysis indicated that blood plasma concentrations of anti-U1 RNP and anti-Sm antibodies may correlate with PBMC transcript levels of HERV-E clone 4-1 gag sequence (R = 0.775, p < 0.000001; R = 0.698, p < 0.000001, respectively). Our observations suggest that the expression of HERV-E clone 4-1 might be associated with production of anti-U1 RNP and anti-Sm antibodies in patients with SLE.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatty acid composition of blood plasma lipids and erythrocytes in lung cancer patients].

The fatty acid spectrum of blood plasma and erythrocytic membrane lipids were studied in 47 patients with lung cancer. The changes in the plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid composition were found to be identical irrespective of the clinical cancer form. In blood plasma of these patients with lung cancer, a decrease in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed with the normal levels of arachidonic acid and the proportion of monoenic fatty acids was increased. Changes in the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes were characterized by less pronounced polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency than that in the plasma, which accompanied by decreases in arachidonic acid levels. The appearance of significant levels of nonadecanoic acid also seems striking.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of biological fluids using 600 MHz proton NMR spectroscopy: application of homonuclear two-dimensional J-resolved spectroscopy to urine and blood plasma for spectral simplification and assignment.

The application of 600 MHz two-dimensional J-resolved 1H NMR spectroscopy (JRES) to the analysis of human urine and blood plasma is demonstrated. This method when applied at very high field gives a rapid means of simplifying and aiding the assignment of highly overlapped resonances of minor metabolites in biofluids. Using this approach, mixtures of drug and endogenous metabolites were identified in untreated urine samples, the signals of which were extensively overlapped in single pulse 600 MHz spectra. For untreated blood plasma samples the JRES experiment was also effective for the selective attenuation of signals from the plasma proteins thus revealing strong well-resolved signals from the low molecular weight components. For the first time it was shown to be possible to assign in detail the spectra region from 3 to 4 ppm in blood plasma, including the complete assignment of the signals from alpha- and beta-glucose. JRES spectra of plasma were much easier to interpret and had a much higher information content than equivalent one-dimensional Hahn spin-echo spectra, thus aiding the identification of non protein-bound low molecular weight metabolites in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automatic method for quantitation of mercury in blood, plasma and urine.

Here we report our experience of quantification of mercury in blood, plasma and urine by using modifications of a procedure for cold vapour atomic absorption. We have tried: (1) modifications of the instrumentation including the tower, the cell and apparatus for measurement; (2) to increase the volume of sample, avoiding problems caused by foaming and background to arrive at a reliable method with low detection limit. Blood and plasma samples were digested overnight in a mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid (1:5). Recovery of known additions of mercury was close to 100%. Coefficients of variation (CV) within runs and between runs was for B-Hg 4.7 and 9.5, respectively at 20 nmol/l, and for U-Hg 1.8 and 5.2, respectively at 57 nmol/l. The same detection limit of 5 nmol/l was obtained with blood, plasma and urine. This is in the lower range of non-occupationally exposed normal subjects. The results, including those obtained in sample exchange with other laboratories and with reference materials, indicate that the accuracy of this method for quantification of mercury is good.

Automation↗
PubMed2004

TP53 gene in blood plasma DNA of tumor patients.

Tumor-specific TP53 mutations are detectable in the blood plasma of tumor patients. Mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are risk factors for tumor progression. The objective of this work is to compare the presence of TP53 mutations in plasma-DNA before and after tumor treatment with the status of this gene in the tumor tissue sample. DNA was extracted from plasma samples of 25 patients with gastrointestinal tumors, and from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from the same patients. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) was performed for mutation screening of exons 5-8 of GC-clamped polymerase chain reaction products. Mutation-positive and wildtype gel bands from TGGE were cut and reamplified for fluorescence-labeled sequence analysis. The results of several mutation analyses were correlated with analysis of p53 autoantibodies in the same plasma. Mutation frequency (one or several mutations per sample) was 7.1% in blood plasma of tumor-free patients, 87.0% in tumor tissues, 78.6% in plasma before tumor treatment, and 36.8% after treatment. Fifteen of 22 mutations in tumor tissues of 13 patients also were detected in the same exons of plasma before treatment (68.2%). Mutations in plasma after treatment (2-684 days) were the same in 6 of 30 cases of tissue mutations only. Six of seven patients with mutations after treatment in their plasma had metastases. One patient was p53 autoantibody negative, but has a terminator mutation of codon 196 in tissue and in posttreatment plasma as well. Genetic analysis of plasma in tumor patients should be further developed, as it might be of prognostic value.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2000

Lipid oxidation in blood plasma of patients with neurological disorders.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of blood plasma lipids from lyophilized plasma samples from patients with neurological disorders stored for several weeks in an evacuated exsiccator show characteristic differences compared to freshly lyophilized plasma samples. The main differences concern the unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., the extent of unsaturation and their structural composition. The total amount of double bond signals of unsaturated fatty acids are noticeably reduced in intensity and new signals arise from conjugated double bonds. These signals can be assigned to keto-octadecadienoic acid (KODE) or hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (HODE). The proton and carbon NMR chemical shifts and their structural assignment to the main molecular components are given. Whereas the KODE and HODE signals occur only as storage artifacts in the spectra, we have found small amounts of 9,11-octadecadienoic acid also in fresh blood plasma of controls. Its concentration is about 60 microM. In two-dimensional H,H total correlation spectroscopy spectra also a very low amount (6-7 microM) of 13-HODE can be detected.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the levels of tocopherols, retinol and carotenoids in maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma and to investigate the relationships between them. DESIGN: Venous blood plasma concentrations of alpha, gamma and delta-tocopherol, retinol, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha and beta-carotene were determined by HPLC in healthy pregnant women and in pair-matched umbilical cords. Plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were also measured. SUBJECTS: Sixty-six women, between 10 and 20 weeks gestation, were recruited randomly during their first antenatal appointment. From this group, 40 pair-matched umbilical cord blood samples were obtained. RESULTS: Tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids and lipids were present in significantly higher (P < 0.001) concentrations in maternal plasma than in cord plasma. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.45, P < 0.005) between maternal and cord levels of gamma-tocopherol, but not of alpha-tocopherol, retinol or carotenoids. Tocopherols and carotenoids were significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.05) in maternal and cord plasma. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of tocopherols, carotenoids and lipids are substantially lower at birth than in adulthood. There is a clear relationship between gamma-tocopherol levels in maternal and cord plasma. The importance of gamma-tocopherol in human nutrition should be further investigated. There are no significant relationships between plasma alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids in pregnant mothers and cords. More research is needed to elucidate the maternal-foetal transfer of tocopherols and carotenoids, and to examine the impact of maternal antioxidant nutrient status on neonatal antioxidant capacity. It is important to determine if a low level of tocopherols and carotenoids at birth is a normal stage of human development or indicative of deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in the content of free amino acids in brain tissue and blood plasma of rabbits under the effect of hydrocortisone].

The influence of a single and long term intramuscular hydrocortisone injections on the content of free amino acids was studied in the rabbit brain tissue and blood plasma. It is shown that exogenous hydrocortisone changes the content of certain amino acids in the brain. The changes in the free amino acids spectrum in blood plasma are more significant than in the brain under the hydrocortisone effect. The direction of the changes in blood plasma at the single and long term hormone administration is the same, their degree of expression depends on the time of administration.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

[Study of the relationship between pulmonary changes and blood plasma composition under the effect of industrial dust. III. Usefulness of the results of the studies for diagnostic purposes].

The paper presents results of statistic calculations enabling to define the diagnostic usefulness of results of determining free aminoacids in blood plasma for evaluation of workers' exposure to grinding and ceramic dusts and welding fume. Determination of proline in the blood plasma of ceramic industry workers and electric welders and determination of hydroxyproline in welders' blood plasma were found to be a particularly significant and early index of exposure to ceramic dust or welding fume.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1984

[Insulin content in the pancreas and blood plasma of decapitated and encephalectomized rat fetuses].

Insulin content in the pancreas and blood plasma of encephalectomized, decapitated and intact rat fetuses was measured by radioimmunoassay. Encephalectomy and decapitation of 17.5-day-old fetuses did not produce any significant effect on insulin concentration in the pancreas and blood plasma of 21-day-old fetuses. Injection of glucose to 21-day-old operated fetuses raised insulin secretion, which seems to be related to the potentiating action of maternal and (or) fetal humoral factors. The data obtained indicate that synthesis and basal secretion of insulin to the blood are not disturbed by the lack of the hypothalamohypophyseal control in prenatal rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Fatty acid composition of lipid fractions of arterial walls, blood plasma and adipose tissue after sudden death from coronary disease].

In patients with atherosclerosis of aorta and heart coronary arteries, diagnosed at autopsy, fatty acid composition was studied and analyzed in main lipid fractions of blood plasma, in unaltered intima of aorta and in the vascular tissue under conditions of various atherosclerotic impairments; simultaneously, fatty acid composition of triglycerides was studied in fatty tissues. The data obtained suggest that in arterial wall cholesterol might be esterified by linoleic acid liberated from lecithin. Analysis of fatty acid composition from blood plasma and arterial wall of the same patient demonstrated that blood plasma as well metabolic reactions, occurring immediately in arterial wall, influenced the composition of fatty acids in lipid fractions of the normal and atherosclerotically impaired arterial walls.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Measurement of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of human blood plasma during clotting in the frequency range of 8 to 22 MHz.

The blood coagulation mechanism consists of a series of concatenated chemical reactions, governed by the coagulation factors present in the blood plasma, after the activation of the clot mechanism. The last reaction corresponds to the fibrinogen conversion into fibrin, followed by the fibrin polymerisation and production of a stable fibrin network. During the clotting process, there is a sol-gel transformation of the medium. The subject of the present paper is the measurement of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient for human blood plasma during the coagulation process, in the frequency range of 8 to 22 MHz. The clot was obtained after the procedure to measure the prothrombin time (approximately 12 s): mixing 150 microL of reconstituted lyophilised normal plasma with 300 microL of reconstituted lyophilised thromboplastin immersed in a water bath with the temperature controlled at 36.5 degrees C. The attenuation coefficient for pure plasma remained constant within the measurement period of 10 s and at frequencies of 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 21 and 22 MHz. On the other hand, there is a detectable time-decay of the attenuation coefficient for samples of plasma going through the coagulation process and at frequencies of 8, 9, 10 and 15 MHz. The time-decay becomes less and less detectable as the frequency increases and it becomes completely undetectable at 20, 21 and 22 MHz.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of oxidase activity in blood plasma upon intravenous and intramuscular administration of ceruloplasmin].

Oxidase activity dynamics in the blood plasma of test animals was studied upon intravenous and intramuscular injections of ceruloplasmin. It was found that the enzymatic activity does not reflect the content of drug in the blood plasma and is not always correlated with the amount of exogenously introduced drug. Intramuscular injections can also be used for the administration of ceruloplasmin.

Animals↗