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Results for “BREATHING EXERCISES”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Inspiratory muscle function following abdominal weight exercises in healthy subjects.

Three indexes of inspiratory muscle function were evaluated in 20 healthy young adults before and after a six-week program of diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Thrice weekly, each subject performed 30 maximal voluntary diaphragmatic contractions in the supine position with a moderately heavy weight (range: 7-23 kg, or 15.4-50.7 lb) placed on the anterior abdominal wall to resist diaphragmatic descent. This protocol failed to improve 1) inspiratory capacity, 2) peak inspiratory flow rate, and 3) maximal pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles under static conditions. These finding indicated that this commonly used isotonic exercise regimen does not increase the maximal shortening, velocity of shortening, or strength of the diaphragm in healthy subjects. On the other hand, most subjects increased the maximal weight they found tolerable, performed the exercise more rapidly, and reported that their initial discomfort either waned or disappeared by the end of the program. These latter observations suggest that the exercise program might have improved inspiratory muscle endurance.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

['Hyperventilation syndrome': often an easy to treat panic disorder].

Three patients, 2 men aged 35 and 26 years and 1 woman aged 41 years, had acutely occurring attacks, accompanied by diverse somatic complaints, and were diagnosed with hyperventilation syndrome. They recovered only when the complaints were recognised and treated as a panic disorder. Hyperventilation and the decrease of CO2 in the blood do not explain the symptoms and complaints in patients with panic disorder, a psychiatric disorder with a good prognosis. Treatment consists of cognitive behavioural therapy or a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor in the case of panic disorder and of a combination of those two treatments in the case of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Breathing exercises can form part of the behavioural therapy but not because the disorder is due to faulty breathing habits.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Can lung function be improved by preoperative respiratory therapy before planned lung resection?].

The influence of an intensive preoperative physiotherapy on pulmonary function is studied in 23 patients suffering from bronchial carcinoma. Daily measurements reveal a significant improvement up to the third and fourth day after beginning of intense breathing exercises. Continued physiotherapy shows a decrease of pulmonary function in the following days. These results show that intensive breathing therapy does not produce any advantage after the third or fourth day.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

[Voice--mood: psycholinguistic therapy with psychiatric patients].

The voice is the result of a complex network between mental condition, mood and cognition of a person. The voice not only serves as a means of communication, it has also an effect on the person who is uttering the sounds. Language development phases and the emotional development phases form the theoretical base for therapeutic interventions. The way the therapist proceeds depends on the momentary mental state the patient is in. The structuring of the intervention levels depends on the degree of the disorder. In patients with pronounced inhibitions the therapist tries to activate the patient's feelings by means of passive breathing exercises and kinaesthetic awareness exercises which are accompanied by low music (awareness phase). Once a patient is successfully activated, she/he is asked to actively breathe and use her/his voice for reading and reciting purposes. The texts are accompanied by appropriate music (instrumental phase). This intervention is meant to lead the patient away from his/her egocentric state towards social interaction. After an amelioration and/or stabilisation of the psycho-pathological state, therapeutic activities are continued in the setting of group work. Patients with disorders primarily in the social area take part in this group work right from the start of therapy. The patients learn social strategies in that they get practice in creatively working with texts in the form of readings and theatre performances. They also learn how to throw a party together. In this phase they realise their abilities but also their limits (communicational phase). Due to the playful character of the work in the group the patients experience themselves independently; they leave the passive role of the patient and become active human beings. That way this form of therapy provides a bridge between the "biotope" of the stationary area and everyday life.

Affect↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of breathing patterns during exercise in patients with obstructive and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities.

Patients with obstructive and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities suffer from exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Breathing pattern components (volume, flow, and timing) during incremental exercise may provide further insight in the role played by dynamic hyperinflation in the genesis of dyspnea. This study analyzed the breathing patterns of patients with obstructive and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities during incremental exercise. It also explored breathing pattern components with dyspnea at maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Twenty patients, thirteen obstructive patients (forced expiratory volume 38% +/- 13% predicted, forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio 39 +/- 8%), and seven restrictive patients (forced vital capacity 55 +/- 16% predicted, forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio 84% +/- 11%) performed symptom-limited incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer with breath-by-breath determination of ventilation and gas exchange parameters. Breathing patterns were analyzed at baseline, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 percent of VO2 max. Dyspnea was measured at end-exercise with a 100 mm visual analogue scale. The timing ratio of inspiratory to expiratory time (T(I)/T(E)) and the flow ratio of inspiratory flow to expiratory flow ratio (V(I)/V(E)) were different (p < 0.008) between obstructive and restrictive patients at all exercise intensity levels. The timing components of expiratory time (T(E)) and inspiratory time to total time (T(I)T(TOT)) were significantly different (p < 0.008) at baseline and maximum exercise. Dyspnea scores were not significantly different. For obstructive patients, correlations were noted between T(I)/T(E), V(I)/V(E), T(I)T(TOT) and dyspnea (p < 0.05). Breathing pattern-timing components, specifically T(I)/T(E), in patients with obstructive and restrictive ventilatory abnormalities during exercise provided further insight into the pathophysiology of the two conditions and the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation to dyspnea.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Myocardial lactate release during prolonged exercise under hypoxaemia.

The possible appearance of myocardial lactate production during exercise under hypoxaemia, simulating an altitude of about 4500 metres above sea-level (masl) was investigated. Twelve healthy men were studied, after coronary sinus catheterization, during prolonged exercise breathing 12% O2 compared with men breathing air. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured by thermodilution. Exercise duration under each breathing condition was 30 min and the order normoxaemia/hypoxaemia was varied between subjects so as to compensate for any influence of a preceding exercise period on a subsequent one. Work load was adjusted so as to produce a heart rate (HR) of 130-140 beats min-1 during both hypoxaemia and normoxaemia. [14C]lactate was infused at a constant rate i.v. throughout the study to detect a possible myocardial lactate release simultaneously with a net uptake. Myocardial O2 uptake did not differ significantly between hypoxaemia and normoxaemia. The compensation for reduced blood oxygen content was achieved entirely by a greater coronary blood flow. Yet, the arterial-coronary sinus (a-cs) lactate difference was lower during hypoxaemia than normoxaemia and isotope data indicated that this was caused by a myocardial lactate release of approximately 90 mumol min-1 which was at hand during hypoxaemia but not normoxaemia, whether hypoxaemic exercise preceded or succeeded normoxaemic exercise. In conclusion, A 27% reduction in arterial oxygen saturation is almost compensated for by an increased coronary blood flow. However, during hypoxaemic exercise cardiac energy demand is to a smaller part, about 1%, covered by anaerobic metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Technics and results in respiratory kinesitherapy of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies].

The rehabilitation of patients with chronic airflow obstruction consists of a number of complementary treatments, one of which is respiratory physiotherapy (KR). Breathing exercises (RE), bronchial drainage and controlled coughing are all part of current techniques in physiotherapy. As problems with the rhythm of breathing are frequently encountered in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, their correction is attempted with KR. In order to acquire a new, more efficient breathing pattern, training in simple every day measures is used (such as talking, reading watching TV, walking, climbing stairs, etc.) or techniques using mechanical devices, including inventive spirometers and magnetometers. With a few exceptions, most of the studies show an immediate objective benefit on blood gases and alveolar ventilation, due to a reduced respiratory rate and increased tidal volume. Although dynamic ventilatory work increases, neither the pulmonary haemodynamics nor energy expenditure are altered as judged by oxygen consumption during RE. The long term results are contradictory and more difficult to interpret. Many studies have noted a clinical and functional improvement with fewer relapses and hospital admissions; these studies often lack adequate controls and the clinical state is not always precisely defined; nor whether associated therapy has been changed or not. Other studies have given negative results, and lately the causes of these failures have been better defined. There is insufficient theoretical and practical training of KR at all medical levels, an absence of uniformity in the KR rehabilitation teams, and treatment courses which are both too few in number and too short in duration. An appreciation of these points of criticism should make for greater objectivity in the future analysis of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

PubMed1985

Symptoms frequency and medical implications of severe asthma in children.

The frequency of asthma symptoms, drug therapy and medical intervention have been studied in a group of 200 children with severe asthma attending an asthma clinic. There was wide use of all the common asthma preparations, usually in combination. An average of 6.4 general practitioner consultations per year per child occurred for asthma episodes. Antibiotics were prescribed regularly in 57% for asthma symptoms. Forty-six percent had attended breathing exercises and physiotherapy for an extended period.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1997

The efficacies of three relaxation regimens in the treatment of PTSD in Vietnam War veterans.

Ninety male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were administered relaxation instructions, relaxation instruction with deep breathing exercises, or relaxation instructions with deep breathing training and thermal biofeedback. Improvement appeared on only 4 of the 21 PTSD and physiological dependent variables studied. All 21 Treatment x Time interactions were nonsignificant. This suggests that the treatments were mildly therapeutic, but that the additions of training in deep breathing and thermal biofeedback did not produce improvement beyond that associated with simple instructions to relax in a comfortable chair.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Respiratory therapy in childhood asthma. Part 2. Eutonic training].

Children with obstruction mainly due to spasms of bronchial smooth muscle will benefit most from breathing exercises. Attainment of the individual physiological balance of muscular, nervous and psychogenic tensions--the eutonic tension--is of great importance for control of regular unhurried breathing. This will be supported by stimulation of nasal breathing which increases diaphragmatic excursion. The eutonic state is the fundamental basis for success of chest rotations and rhythmic movements to stimulate further relaxation. Awareness of the fact that breaths come by themselves -- "automatically" -- reduces anxiety of shortness of breath. Observations of a group of asthmatic children in a summer camp support this form of treatment of asthma.

Asthma↗

PubMed1996

Inspiratory muscle training and whole-body reconditioning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

To examine the efficacy of targeted inspiratory muscle training (IMT), 25 patients with moderate COPD were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Eight patients received IMT along with general exercise reconditioning, GER+IMT; nine patients received general exercise reconditioning, GER; eight patients received sham breathing exercises, CONTROL. All groups used a spring-loaded inspiratory muscle trainer; however, the GER and CONTROL groups breathed through these devices at only 15% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. The GER+IMT group increased the load on these devices until at 6 wk the load was equal to 80% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. All patients exercised three times per week for a 12-wk period in supervised sessions. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences in spirometric measurements, maximal inspiratory pressure, or maximal oxygen consumption among any of the three groups after the intervention (p > 0.05). Twelve-minute walk distance was significantly greater in the GER+IMT and GER groups than in the CONTROL group (p = 0.03). After the intervention, there was a trend (p = 0.08) for treadmill time to be greater for the GER+IMT and GER groups than for the CONTROL group. Dyspnea ratings at different exercise intensities were not found to be significantly different among the three groups after the intervention. These results demonstrate that GER+IMT and GER alone are equally effective in improving exercise performance in patients with COPD. Additionally, the combination of GER and IMT does not appear to provide any clinically significant improvements in exercise performance or perceptions of dyspnea during exercise when compared with GER alone.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Randomised clinical trial of physiotherapy after open abdominal surgery in high risk patients.

Postoperative physiotherapy has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after open abdominal surgery. This study aimed to determine if the addition of deep breathing exercises and secretion clearing techniques to a standardised physiotherapist-directed program of early mobilisation improved clinical outcomes in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Fifty-six patients undergoing open abdominal surgery, at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, were randomised before operation to an early mobilisation-only group or an early mobilisation-plus-deep breathing and coughing group. Mobility duration, frequency and intensity of breathing interventions were quantified for both groups. All outcomes were assessed by a blinded outcomes researcher using a standardised outcomes measurement tool developed specifically for this population. Outcomes included incidence of clinically significant postoperative pulmonary complications, fever, length of stay, and restoration of mobility. There were no significant differences between groups in mean age, anaesthetic time, perioperative morbidity, or postoperative mobility. Outcome data were available for 89% of enrolled subjects. Overall incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 16%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the non-deep breathing and coughing group was 14%, and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the deep breathing and coughing group was 17%, (absolute risk reduction -3%, 95% C1 -22 to 19%). There was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of fever, physiotherapist time, or the number of treatments. This study suggests that, in this clinical setting, the addition of deep breathing and coughing exercises to a physiotherapist-directed program of early mobilisation does not significantly reduce the incidence of clinically significant postoperative pulmonary complications in high risk open abdominal surgery subjects.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1984

Exercise testing in the evaluation of diffuse interstitial lung disease.

The cardio-pulmonary response to incremental and steady-state bicycle exercise was measured in a group of 22 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD). In most patients the lung volumes were less than 80% of their predicted normal value. In 19 patients the uptake of carbon monoxide was less than 60% of the value predicted for the observed lung volume. Maximum working capacity (Wmax) was reduced in 20 patients. Eight patients stopped exercising before they achieved their predicted maximum heart rate. In all patients ventilation (VE) was increased in relation to oxygen consumption. The increase in VE resulted from an increased frequency of breathing. Exercise induced a decrease in arterial oxygen tension in 11 patients. When 60% oxygen was inspired during exercise the endurance time at 80% Wmax increased from 8.0 +/- 5.5 to 13.9 +/- 8.7 min. The increase in endurance time related to the extent of desaturation during exercise with air breathing. Oxygen breathing did not improve Wmax. We conclude that exercise testing in patients with DILD is useful for determining the severity of disease and provides additional information in relation to gas exchange.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A preliminary report of the treatment of paretic hoarseness].

Treatment of paretic hoarseness by trans-thyroid cartilage puncture and injection of autogenous blood combined with breath exercise is presented. The results were evaluated according to voice records before and after treatment, indirect laryngoscopy and phonolaryngography. Clinically, 88.89% of the patients recovered completely.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the heart rate variability parameters obtained from the electrocardiogram and the blood pressure wave.

Four temporal and four spectral parameters of heart rate variability were compared after they were computed with two different time series generation methods: the RR intervals and the numerical values of heart rate provided by the Finapres. Recordings were obtained from 10 healthy subjects throughout five experimental conditions: supine, standing, controlled breathing, exercise and recovery. The mean and the RMS value of successive differences showed significant differences between the two methods. The spectral parameters were statistically different only during standing and exercise. The larger high frequency component and the lower HF/LF ratio by the Finapres method, observed during exercise, can be explained by the higher breathing influence on the peak-to-peak pressure intervals, in relation to RR intervals. Therefore, the high frequency component within mechanic intervals could possibly reflect the non-neural respiratory influence. In conclusion, values of heart rate provided by the Finapres are not completely interchangeable with those obtained from the ECG during the studied conditions.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Instrumentation support in respiratory kinesiotherapy].

The points of impact of instrumental support in respiratory physiotherapy are numerous; they concern primarily the pulmonary expansion, bronchial drainage and function of respiratory muscles. The pulmonary expansion may be helped by incitant spirometry and either intermittent or continuous positive pressure respiration, or indirectly by the utilisation of respiration against resistance (expiratory bottles, masks with uni-directional valves and expiratory resistances etc.). These different techniques may be used in the presence of instability of the respiratory units, secondary to an alteration of surfactant or to closure of the small airways induced by a transitory reduction (in the post-operative period) or permanent reduction (such as parietal wall disease of mechanical or neuro-muscular origin) of the functional residual capacity (CRF). If the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) seems particularly helpful for the CRF to recover to the pre-operative level it also appears on the contrary as the least efficacious technique to increase trans-pulmonary pressure. The instrumental support for bronchial drainage may theoretically affect the tension activity of the transport (instrumental help in the pulmonary expansion and in hyperventilation), muco-ciliary transport (external parietal vibration or internal vibrations applied to the upper airways), the biphasic flow (expiratory assistance by negative pressure and humidifiers). The function of the respiratory muscles may in certain cases be improved by the use of abdominal pneumatic cuirasses, by hyperventilation exercises in an isocapnoeic milieu or in breathing exercises against an additional inspiratory or expiratory resistance. If the physiological foundation of mechanical support in respiratory education may be frequently identified, the clinical results reported in the literature are often contradictory.

Drainage↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomic responses to breath holding and its variations following pranayama.

Autonomic responses to breath holding were studied in twenty healthy young men. Breath was held at different phases of respiration and parameters recorded were Breath holding time, heart rate systolic and diastolic blood pressure and galvanic skin resistance (GSR). After taking initial recordings all the subjects practised Nadi-Shodhana Pranayama for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks same parameters were again recorded and the results compared. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) showed a rendency to decrease and both these autonomic parameters were significantly decreased at breaking point after pranayamic breathing. Although the GSR was recorded in all subjects the observations made were not conclusive. Thus pranayama breathing exercises appear to alter autonomic responses to breath holding probably by increasing vagal tone and decreasing sympathetic discharges.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Respiratory muscle endurance training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: impact on exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life.

Inspiratory muscle training may have beneficial effects in certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because of the lack of a home training device, normocapnic hyperpnea has rarely been used as a training mode for patients with COPD, and is generally considered unsuitable to large-scale application. To study the effects of hyperpnea training, we randomized 30 patients with COPD and ventilatory limitation to respiratory muscle training (RMT; n = 15) with a new portable device or to breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer (controls; n = 15). Both groups trained twice daily for 15 min for 5 d per week for 8 wk. Training-induced changes were significantly greater in the RMT than in the control group for the following variables: respiratory muscle endurance measured through sustained ventilation (+825 +/- 170 s [mean +/- SEM] versus -27 +/- 61 s, p < 0.001), inspiratory muscle endurance measured through incremental inspiratory threshold loading (+58 +/- 10 g versus +21.7 +/- 9.5 g, p = 0.016), maximal expiratory pressure (+20 +/- 7 cm H(2)O versus -6 +/- 6 cm H(2)O, p = 0.009), 6-min walking distance (+58 +/- 11 m versus +11 +/- 11 m, p = 0.002), V O(2peak) (+2.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg/min versus -0.3 +/- 0.9 ml/kg/min, p = 0.015), and the SF-12 physical component score (+9.9 +/- 2.7 versus +1.8 +/- 2.4, p = 0.03). Changes in dyspnea, maximal inspiratory pressure, treadmill endurance, and the SF-12 mental component score did not differ significantly between the RMT and control groups. In conclusion, home-based respiratory muscle endurance training with the new device used in this study is feasible and has beneficial effects in subjects with COPD and ventilatory limitation.

Aged↗