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PubMed1998

[The participation of the Warsaw otolaryngologists in medical conferences and congresses in the 19th century].

The participation of a famous Polish laryngologist Teodor Heryng (1847-1925) in many scientific congresses was presented in separate publications. Many Varsovian otolaryngologists also took part in a great number of international congresses. Jan Sedziak's (1861-1932) participation in international congress in Vienna in 1908 on account of the 50th anniversary of the invention of laryngoscopy by Manuel Garcia is stressed. Sedziak was specially esteemed in Great Britain and in the United States of North America. Very significant contribution of Alfred M. Sokołowski (1849-1924) to the medical congress in Rome in 1894 is described. The widespread contacts of Varsovian otolaryngologists: Zdzisław Dmochowski, Feliks Erbrich, Leopold Lubliner, Edmund Modrzejewski, Zygmunt Srebrny. Jan Szmurło, Witold Szumlański with the European scientific world are mentioned, as well as their active participation in many medical meetings and congresses.

Congresses as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dr. Koloman (Kalman) Kalivoda, a physician from Senta and a participant in the first congress of Serbian physicians and naturalists in 1904].

INTRODUCTION: The first congress of Serbian physicians and naturalists was held in Belgrade from September 5-7, 1904. There were 433 active registered participants listed in the Collection of Congress Papers. A great number of physicians from Vojvodina took part in the work of Congress. There is an authentic list of 27 physicians participants from Vojvodina. Although they made only 6% of all participants, their attendance was of utmost importance due to delicate political situation of that time. However, there is no explanation why only one physician from Vojvodina read his paper at this meeting. It was Dr. Koloman Kalivoda from Senta and his paper was tittled "Alcoholism and People". CONGRESS REPORT: Dr. Koloman (Kalman) Kalivoda was probably born between 1870 and 1875. He moved to Senta in 1901 and in September 1901 started working as a regional physician in the third area. From 1908 he was a member of the Medical Board in Senta. He worked in Senta till October 31, 1918 when he submitted resignation from the post of a regional physician at the Assembly meeting. Then he moved from Senta and started civil service as a Hungarean Royal Resort physician. This paper presents Dr. Koloman's paper in complete, published in the Collection of Congress Papers. This paper received great attention and praises were found at several places such as: journal of "Czech Physicians", number 44 from 1904; "Serbian Literary Herald", volume XIII, number 3 and in journal called "Pozor" from Moravska, number 146 from 1904. Further on, authors comment on Dr. Koloman's attitudes to alcoholism and treatment of alcoholics. Some were estimated as drastic: "the role of alcohol in rase cleansing"; how to "exterminate" alcoholics; suggestions for "interning drunkards overcome by fury" and suggestions for passing a law which would forbid drunkards to get married. Such attitudes of Dr. Koloman Kalivoda towards alcoholism may be associated with the circumstances of that time in Senta, because there are reliable data according to which in 1894 there were 26,648 inhabitants in Senta, whereas one brandy taproom or tavern came on every 213 inhabitants. Contrary to these attitudes, authors think that Dr. Koloman had very progressive ideas in regard to prevention of alcoholism as well as some suggestions and measures that should be undertaken by the society from the aspect of public hygiene.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1996

Catching up on schizophrenia. The Fifth International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, Warm Springs, Va, April 8-12, 1995.

It is axiomatic that the diversity and ingenuity of strategies in the study of schizophrenia bear testimony to the complexity of this disorder. Accordingly, the opportunity for investigators of diverse interests to share their latest findings and be informed of developments in key areas of science is critical to advance our understanding of schizophrenia. Nearly 700 investigators from around the world gathered at Warm Springs, Va, to present their data at the Fifth International Congress on Schizophrenia Research (April 8-12, 1995). This 5-day conference, held every other year alternating with the European Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia, is co-organized by S. Charles Schulz, MD, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Carol Tamminga, MD, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland at Baltimore. Drs Schulz and Tamminga first held the Congress in 1987 in Clearwater, Fla, with 170 investigators presenting. The Congress has flourished since then and is now the largest research meeting devoted solely to schizophrenia. The Congress organizers, the program coordinator (Jeffrey Lieberman, MD, Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY), and the Congress coordinator (Susan Nusbaum, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center) are congratulated on the success of this event and its contribution to fostering initiatives and collaborations within schizophrenia research.

Female↗

PubMed2006

NudC is required for Plk1 targeting to the kinetochore and chromosome congression.

The equal distribution of chromosomes during mitosis is critical for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Essential to this process are the capture of spindle microtubules by kinetochores and the congression of chromosomes to the metaphase plate . Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a mitotic kinase that has been implicated in microtubule-kinetochore attachment, tension generation at kinetochores, tension-responsive signal transduction, and chromosome congression . The tension-sensitive substrates of Plk1 at the kinetochore are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that human Nuclear distribution protein C (NudC), a 42 kDa protein initially identified in Aspergillus nidulans and shown to be phosphorylated by Plk1 , plays a significant role in regulating kinetochore function. Plk1-phosphorylated NudC colocalizes with Plk1 at the outer plate of the kinetochore. Depletion of NudC reduced end-on microtubule attachments at kinetochores and resulted in defects in chromosome congression at the metaphase plate. Importantly, NudC-deficient cells exhibited mislocalization of Plk1 and the Kinesin-7 motor CENP-E from prometaphase kinetochores. Ectopic expression of wild-type NudC, but not NudC containing mutations in the Plk1 phosphorylation sites, recovered Plk1 localization at the kinetochore and rescued chromosome congression. Thus, NudC functions as both a substrate and a spatial regulator of Plk1 at the kinetochore to promote chromosome congression.

Cell Cycle Proteins↗

PubMed2002

The 107th Congress' legislative proposals concerning end-of-life care.

PURPOSE: The current health care system cannot reliably meet the needs of patients with eventually fatal chronic illnesses near the end-of-life. Enduring change requires improved public policy, in part because most paid care for serious illness at the end of life now relies on federal programs. This project reviews the legislation proposed in the 107th Congress (2001-2002) related to improving end-of-life care. METHODS: We searched THOMAS, the search engine of the Library of Congress, to identify all bills relating to end-of-life care introduced in either house of the U.S. Congress during the 2001/2002 legislative period. Using explicit criteria intended to find any that received serious attention and incorporating recommendations of political consultants, the initial 563 bills narrowed to 22. We summarize their status as of October 24, 2002. RESULTS: The 22 bills identified dealt with the following topics: demonstration or research projects (9), palliative care or hospice (8), caregivers (7), chronic illness generally (5), care coordination (2), and long-term health care (3). Dementia, graduate medical education, nursing, and pain appeared in 1 bill each. Congress enacted only 1 of the bills. Only 7 bills had more than 10% of either house as sponsors. CONCLUSIONS: While Medicare reform and health care costs are prominent topics among policymakers, Congress is considering essentially no fundamental changes that would remedy the problems associated with health care for the elderly who are seriously ill near the end-of-life. The mismatch between the urgency of policy reform and the lack of vehicles and momentum to achieve reform calls for consensus and leadership from those concerned with hospice and palliative care.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

First Pediatric Intensive Care Congress in Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the First Chilean Congress on Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. DATA SOURCE/EXTRACTION: Program schedule, presentations, abstracts. STUDY SELECTION: Descriptive summary of the congress. CONCLUSIONS: The Chilean Society of Pediatric Critical Care organized the First Pediatric Intensive Care Congress in Chile, having a registration of 217 delegates. All the pediatric intensive care units of the country had a representative in the Congress either as a delegate or a faculty member, which provided an excellent opportunity for interactions between them. The international faculty addressed state-of-the-art issues, with a charge of highlighting basic science relevant to clinical practice, which motivated long interactive question-and-answer sessions with the audience. Strong evidence was presented by Chilean faculty debaters who discussed controversial topics, making these sessions very attractive. An entire day was scheduled with a simultaneous nursing session. More than 80 intensive care nurses benefited from a very interactive day with five symposia and short oral presentations. A randomized multi-institutional research protocol studying reintubation rate using three methods for weaning from mechanical ventilation was discussed during the meeting. Thirteen units committed to participate. Twenty-three posters were displayed in the congress. Posters describing the activity of pediatric intensive care units were also presented. The mean for intensive care unit beds was 6.8 and for intermediate care beds was 7.1. Annual admissions showed a mean of 640 patients, and mortality rate ranged from 4.1% to 12%, with a mean of 6.7%

Chile↗

PubMed2002

To keep the catch - that is the question: a personal account of the 3rd Annual EULAR Congress, Stockholm.

The 3rd Annual EULAR Congress, held in Stockholm on 12-15 June 2002, had a turnout of 8300 delegates, almost identical to last year's record attendance level in Prague. The venue was close to ideal, allowing ample space for poster sessions in the exhibition hall. The manned poster sessions were well attended, even on the last day of the Congress. The numerous invited speakers represented the world's elite, allowing the staging of excellent state-of-the-art podium sessions. The aim of attracting the young scientific community was partly achieved, but individual delegates' dependence on industry sponsorship poses potential problems. The organization was a big improvement compared to that of the two previous congresses. Approximately 1800 abstracts were submitted, an increase of 50%, resulting in a higher quality of accepted abstracts. The satellite symposia held every morning and late afternoon were well attended; thus, industry exposure of new products, both in podium sessions and at the exhibitions, was well accommodated. The Annual EULAR Congress consolidates its position as one of the two most important annual congresses of rheumatology, but EULAR economy and commercial aspects are still too dominant in relation to science.

European Union↗

PubMedDate not supplied

What it takes for Congress to act.

A thriving democracy requires engaged citizens. Although voting is one aspect of participating in the democratic process, it is not sufficient if one wishes to be truly involved in shaping and influencing policy. Congress, the body of elected officials representing the citizenry, works not just for the people but also with the people. Working with Congress requires participation--as experts, as advocates, and as citizens who have an interest in their community. This article is aimed at those who wish to actively work with the Congress. Thus, instead of giving a comprehensive description of Congress, it focuses on those aspects that are essential to effective advocacy. Part 1 presents basic information about the structure of Congress and the nature of the legislative process. Part 2 presents some observations about the basic structure and process that have implications for advocates. Part 3 translates these observations into concrete strategies for effective advocacy.

Communication↗

PubMed1993

Role of the U.S. Congress in setting goals and priorities for research on nutrition and aging.

The U.S. Congress plays an important role in setting the broad research agenda for research agencies. It often does so by articulating major goals for federally-supported activities. Goals, longer-term objectives that agencies should work towards, should not be confused with priorities, near-term resource allocations designed to support efforts to achieve goals. Typically, federal research priorities are established by individual departments, agencies, and other organizations within the executive branch; however, when the funding levels are particularly large or public concern about an issue is particularly intense, Congress may become involved in the process of setting specific priorities. Congress influences the directions of research on aging primarily through the activities of authorization, appropriations, and special or select committees. The Special Committee on Aging in the Senate, and the Select Committee on Aging in the House of Representatives focus their attention exclusively on elderly Americans. Periodically, the activities of these committees are directed to research issues. Congress indirectly influences the directions of research on aging and nutrition through laws that establish science-based regulatory programs such as the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the Toxic Substances Control Act. In setting priorities Congress relies on information, analysis, and advice from the four congressional support agencies, particularly the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). OTA has undertaken a number of studies in recent years which address aging and nutrition issues. It is useful to try to devise mechanisms to encourage the establishment of national and international long-range goals and near-term priorities for research on aging and nutrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Congresses of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: bibliometric analysis as a springboard for debate].

BACKGROUND: Congresses are periodic meetings that are required to make known and discuss advances in the various fields of medicine. Bibliometric indicators are important tools used to determine the quality of scientific publications. However, this type of study is infrequently performed in free communications of congresses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliometric study of all the free communications published in the congresses of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics over 4 years, divided in two periods (1996-1997 and 2000-2001) (n = 2677) was performed. Bibliometric indicators were classified into quantitative (productivity), qualitative (statistical accessibility) and scientific evidence. RESULTS: Quantitative indicators: There were 928 free communications in 1996, 681 in 1997, 560 in 2000, and 508 in 2001. Eighty-eight percent were in poster format and 87 % were in structured format. There was a median of six authors per communication. The main subject areas were infectology, neonatology, hemato-oncology, neurology and endocrinology. Ninety-five per cent of communications were signed by hospitals with a marked contribution by hospitals in Andalusia and Madrid. Qualitative indicators: Statistical accessibility < 2 in 86 % and > 7 in 2.9 %. Scientific evidence indicators: The quality of scientific evidence was good in only 1 % and was average in 9 %, since 90 % of all the studies were descriptive (mainly clinical cases). Evidence-based methodological concepts were used in only 1.9 %. Compared with 1996-1997, in 2000-2001 there were fewer communications, more posters, and more structured communications, as well as greater statistical accessibility and better scientific evidence indicators, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Bibliometric study of the congresses of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics is a good starting point to analyze the quality of pediatric meetings and discuss possible solutions: a rigorous scientific committee with quality criteria, more analytical and/or experimental studies and fewer descriptive studies (especially clinical cases); restricting the number of authors per communication, greater collaboration with epidemiologists and/or biostatisticians, and favoring structured communications would also improve quality.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2002

Fate of abstracts published in the proceedings of the first annual Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand Congress in 1997.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the fate of research presented at the first annual Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) Congress in 1997, by determining: the rate of publication in peer-reviewed biomedical journals; publication rate by discipline; journals in which work was published; concordance for aims, conclusions, authors and number of study subjects; and time from presentation to publication. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted for any publication in a peer-reviewed journal resulting from a publishable abstract from the proceedings of the first annual PSANZ Congress in 1997. Searching was completed 42 months post-congress. The concordance of aims, conclusions, authors and number of subjects between abstract and published paper was determined. RESULTS: There were 172 publishable abstracts in the proceedings of the PSANZ Congress in 1997, and 78 (45%) were published as 83 articles. Basic sciences had the highest publication rate (67%) and midwifery the lowest (20%). Articles were published in 41 journals, with one-third of the articles in three paediatric journals. There was a match with aims in 75%, and with conclusions in 65%. There were 47/77 with the same number of subjects, 20/77 with more and 10/77 with fewer. There were 22 articles with one author added, 12 had more than one author added, 11 had one author removed and five had more than one author removed. Median time-to-publication was 18 months (interquartile range 9-26 months). CONCLUSIONS: A publication rate of 45% is comparable to other conferences. Basic science and neonatology had the highest publication rates. There were considerable differences between abstract and published article in terms of aims, conclusions, number of subjects and authors.

Australia↗

PubMed1990

Human gene therapy and congress.

Congress was the scene of conspicuous debate about human gene therapy during the 1980s. Congressional interest was sparked primarily by concerns about germ-line gene therapy expressed by clerics and public interest groups. The initial debate was provoked by Martin Cline's misadventures in 1980 and rekindled in 1983 by congressional resolution against germ-line intervention sponsored by Senator Mark Hatfield. The first hearing on gene therapy was held upon the release of the President's Commission report Splicing Life, in November, 1982, before a House subcommittee chaired by Congressman Albert Gore, Jr. Representative Gore later requested a report on gene therapy, which was released by the Office of Technology Assessment in December, 1984. He also sponsored the legislation that established the Biomedical Ethics Board and Biomedical Ethics Advisory Committee, Congress's abortive attempt to reestablish a federal bioethics commission. Implications of advances in human genetics, including gene therapy, were to be among the first topics addressed. Congress passed no substantive legislation affecting gene therapy research or clinical trials, but served principally as a national theater for debate. If and when germ-line gene therapy is contemplated, Congress will be faced with difficult choices, but will likely take no action to block trials that appear safe and are intended to produce clinical benefit for particular individuals.

Advisory Committees↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Virtual congresses.

A new form of scientific medical meeting has emerged in the last few years--the virtual congress. This article describes the general role of computer technologies and the Internet in the development of this new means of scientific communication, by reviewing the history of "cyber sessions" in medical education and the rationale, methods, and initial results of the First Virtual Congress of Cardiology. Instructions on how to participate in this virtual congress, either actively or as an observer, are included. Current advantages and disadvantages of virtual congresses, their impact on the scientific community at large, and future developments and possibilities in this area are discussed.

Cardiology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[To cast a spell on reality. On actions of Soviet authorities in connection with the 6th Congress of the World Psychiatric Association at Honolulu].

At the 6th Congress of the World Psychiatric Association, held at Honolulu in August 1977, its participants accepted by acclamation a--so called--"Hawaiian Declaration" and a Resolution of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The Declaration condemned all kinds of abuse in psychiatry, and the Resolution condemned the abuses in the Soviet psychiatry in particular. The Congress of Honolulu carried out, at last, the action initiated at the Congress of Mexico City six years earlier. But by then there was a lack of courage yet to take these measures, and the counter-action of the Soviet authorities proved to be effective. Aware of the fact that this time the pressure to condemn the misuses practiced in the Soviet psychiatry would be ever stronger, the KGB and the Ministry of Health of the USSR began their "preparations" for the next Congress as early as in 1976. This article describes the tactics of action promoted by the Soviet authorities in order to prevent the condemnation. The Author made a proper use of some documents that he had recovered at the Moscow "Centre for Storing the Contemporary Archives".

Archives↗

PubMed2005

Publication rates of scientific presentations in Turkish national radiology congresses.

PURPOSE: To investigate the publication rates of scientific presentations in Turkish radiology congresses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The abstracts of presentations at Turkish national radiology congresses between 1995-2002 were reviewed. According to the congress abstract booklets, types of the presentation (oral or poster presentation), as well as body system-based categorization were used. The presentations were searched for publication in Medline(R) indexed journals using the PubMed server. The rates of publication of the abstracts, the journals in which the presentations have been published and the time between the presentation and publication were investigated. RESULTS: An overall number of 521 publications were found originating from 4,413 presentations (11.81%). The publication numbers of 2,116 scientific research, 1,995 case report and 302 educational exhibit type presentations were 261 (12.33%), 249 (12.49%) and 11 (3.64%), respectively. For oral presentations the publication ratio was found as 15.38% (116/754) and for posters it was 11.06% (405/3,659). The number of presentations and the number of publications were found to increase by years, however the ratio of publication to presentation remained the same. Mean time to publication was calculated as 24.4 months. In frequency of publication, Tanisal ve Girisimsel Radyoloji, European Radiology, European Journal of Radiology were the first three publication media of the presentations. CONCLUSION: The publication rates of abstracts presented at Turkish national radiology congresses are lower than the previously reported publication rates in radiology and other specialties.

Congresses as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness studies in the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene congresses (1989-2003)].

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the results of studies on effectiveness of preventive interventions is a fundamental requirement in occupational medicine. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to identify Italian scientific production regarding this issue in the proceedings of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene congresses over the last fifteen years. METHODS: An initial selection of the communications on intervention effectiveness studies was performed on the basis of titles, aims, tables and figures of each single presentation. A further selection was made via full reading of the previously selected communications. The selected articles were classified by type of strategy discussed, production sector, study design and several other criteria. RESULTS: 108 studies were selected out of the 3215 papers (3.4%) published in the congress proceedings examined (1989-2003). More than half of these discussed technical control strategies. In the vast majority of cases, the study design was a pre- and post-evaluation of effectiveness, and the 6 (non-randomised) trials concerned vaccination programmes. Almost a quarter of the studies on accident prevention regarded the effectiveness of training programmes. Only 5 studies could be detected in Medline as articles later published in international journals. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine congress proceedings over the last 15 years, the percentage of communications concerning effectiveness of preventive interventions in occupational health was 3.4%. Intervention effectiveness papers published in congress proceedings seem to reveal a quite unexpected production of effectiveness evaluation studies. Nonetheless, recommendations need to be made to improve study design and to promote effective prevention and control strategies.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1994

[Medical congresses in Bosnia-Herzegovina during wars].

According to the data collected from the profesional associations of health workers, numerous physicians and other health workers were actively included in the former wars for liberation of our country. A great number of them was killed on the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. An the beginning of the World War II in Bosnia and Herzegovina were 380 physicians out of which 105 survived the War with a few tenth of other health workers. During the war hospitals, health center, other health institutions and a number of medical personnel were active health to the Government in organization of the health system, health workers education and out-door activities. During the World War II 3 physician congresses were organized. Now, at the time of brutal aggression on B&H we organized two Congresses of Physicians named "War medicine". Topics, formerly elaborated on the previous Congresses of the former was participant physicians will present the aims and the conclusions of the Congress.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

PubMed1995

[Effect of the First Congress of Serbian Physicians and Naturalists on the Slavic population at the time].

After the First Congress of Serbian Physicians and Naturalists held in Belgrade in 1904, numerous reviews and comments were published in the Serbian and foreign magazines. This paper deals with the review of reports published in Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Prague and Zadar. Beside some comments of the Serbian reporters pertaining to the professional level of the Congress, the general estimation was that the Congress was a great success in the professional, organization and social aspect. Furthermore, the Congress stirred up an intensive Yugoslav and Slavic temper in the participants which resulted in the initiative for the establishment of the Association of the Slavic Physicians and Naturalists.

Congresses as Topic↗