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PubMed1997

Building research capacity into a national physician database.

The range of physician financial arrangements with managed care and insurers, as well as practice arrangements, is becoming increasingly complex. Little is known systematically about these changes, yet there is growing evidence that financial arrangements, utilization management, and other practice characteristics make a substantial difference in treatment patterns, patient mix, and costs of care. Current data systems and surveys frequently do not capture the new information needed to track these changes. New elements of information should be included in national surveys and in a national physician database. A list of recommended data items for a national data base is provided as a starting point for identifying a minimal data set to be included in national statistical systems.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2001

Building community capacity in public health: the role of action-oriented partnerships.

Public health practice increasingly is concerned with the capacity and performance of communities to identify, implement, strengthen, and sustain collective efforts to improve health. The authors developed ways to assist local Turning Point partnerships to improve their community public health system as a secondary outcome of their work on the expressed needs of the community. Using focus groups, meeting minutes, attendance records, and meeting observation, the authors fed information back to the partnerships on systems change. A public health systems improvement plan supportive of local partnerships' work on specific health issues was funded and the collaborative research agenda was further refined.

Arizona↗
PubMed2004

Building community capacity for violence prevention.

The capacity of communities to prevent violence is examined from three perspectives: youth violence, child maltreatment, and intimate partner violence. The analysis suggests that community social control and collective efficacy are significant protective factors for all three types of violence, but these need to be further distinguished for their relationships to private, parochial, and state controls. It is argued that strong interpersonal ties are not the only contributor to collective efficacy and violence prevention. Weak ties, including those outside the community, and organizational ties are also seen as necessary. Violence prevention programs should be structured in ways that contribute to the communities' own capacity to prevent violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building pharmacoepidemiological capacity to monitor psychotropic drug use among children enrolled in Medicaid.

This study's objective was to develop a methodology to apply pharmacoepidemiological research toward understanding and improving psychotropic drug use among children enrolled in Medicaid. Using Kansas Medicaid data for 1995-1996, we summarized drug claims, diagnoses, and demographics for children under 20 who received at least one psychotropic drug prescription over either year. The sequence of steps needed to assure a quality improvement role is discussed. Use of key personnel in less regulatory and more clinical data applications is critical. Illustrating this approach, we found disproportionate numbers of children receiving psychotropic drugs who were young boys and larger numbers of white children receiving psychotropic prescriptions relative to their Medicaid enrollment than either African-American or Hispanic children. Medicaid agencies can expand epidemiological capacity to understand service use among segments of the population they insure as part of an overall commitment to improving quality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Using the Internet to build community capacity for healthy public policy.

An interactive Web site and e-mail campaign became the primary focus of a coalition's community mobilization strategy to advocate for changes to the local smoking bylaw in a large Canadian urban center. This article presents the findings of an Internet survey of 2,200 Internet mailing list recipients in which 26% (n=605) submitted responses. Findings from four focus groups of the survey respondents (n=28) are also reported. The survey found that a majority of the mailing list respondents (66.1%) contacted the city council during the campaign. Only 35.8% of respondents had contacted a city council member prior to this campaign. As a result of their participation in the Internet campaign, 50.6% stated that they were more likely to get involved in future civic issues. These findings were confirmed by focus groups that found increased capacity for political involvement on this issue as well as capacity for future social and political action.

Alberta↗
PubMed2004

Improving health care globally: a critical review of the necessity of family medicine research and recommendations to build research capacity.

An invitational conference led by the World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca) involving selected delegates from 34 countries was held in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, March 8 to 12, 2003. The conference theme was "Improving Health Globally: The Necessity of Family Medicine Research." Guiding conference discussions was the value that to improve health care worldwide, strong, evidence-based primary care is indispensable. Eight papers reviewed before the meeting formed the basic material from which the conference developed 9 recommendations. Wonca, as an international body of family medicine, was regarded as particularly suited to pursue these conference recommendations: 1. Research achievements in family medicine should be displayed to policy makers, health (insurance) authorities, and academic leaders in a systematic way. 2. In all countries, sentinel practice systems should be developed to provide surveillance reports on illness and diseases that have the greatest impact on the population's health and wellness in the community. 3. A clearinghouse should be organized to provide a central repository of knowledge about family medicine research expertise, training, and mentoring.4. National research institutes and university departments of family medicine with a research mission should be developed. 5. Practice-based research networks should be developed around the world.6. Family medicine research journals, conferences, and Web sites should be strengthened to disseminate research findings internationally, and their use coordinated. Improved representation of family medicine research journals in databases, such as Index Medicus, should be pursued.7. Funding of international collaborative research in family medicine should be facilitated.8. International ethical guidelines, with an international ethical review process, should be developed in particular for participatory (action) research, where researchers work in partnership with communities. 9. When implementing these recommendations, the specific needs and implications for developing countries should be addressed.The Wonca executive committee has reviewed these recommendations and the supporting rationale for each. They plan to follow the recommendations, but to do so will require the support and cooperation of many individuals, organizations, and national governments around the world.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2002

Building research capacity in family medicine: evaluation of the Grant Generating Project.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Grant Generating Project (GGP), a program designed to train and assist family medicine researchers to secure funding as part of an overall strategy to increase research capacity in family medicine. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey. POPULATION: First- through fourth-year participants in the GGP program starting from 1995. Participants were faculty members of American and Canadian family medicine departments. OUTCOME MEASURED: We measured cardinal features of primary care quality including first-contact care (accessibility and utilization), longitudinality (strength of affiliation and interpersonal relationship), comprehensiveness (services offered and received), and coordination of care. RESULTS: Most (18 of 23) GGP participants completed the survey. A total of 58 grants/contracts were submitted by respondents, representing approximately US$19.3 million. Currently, 17 (29%) are pending, representing $10.8 million (including training grants). Given the current track record, $4.8 million additional grants funds could be generated. GGP strengths cited by respondents included an effort to enhance family medicine research; personal attention, guidance, motivation, and feedback from GGP faculty and mentors; development of grant-writing skills; encouragement to attend family medicine meetings; ability to meet and learn from peers; mock study section experience; and the ability to teach, mentor, and encourage others as the GGP experience did for them. Major challenges cited were a variable degree of commitment from mentors, lack of a long-term commitment to participants, and difficulty accommodating the research focus and skill level of participants. In general, most respondents regarded the GGP program as well worth the time and effort invested. CONCLUSIONS: One to 2 years after participating in the program, participants achieved a remarkable track record of grant submissions. Moreover, the GGP program has had a substantial impact on participants; many are now teaching and mentoring others in their department. If sustained, the program will greatly increase the research capacity of the discipline of family medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bangladesh. Population education programme reviewed.

The UNFPA (UN Population Fund)-funded population education program was reviewed last November 1994 in order to identify the emerging needs and requirements as well as chart the future directions of the program. The review was undertaken with the assistance of the CST SAWA Adviser on Population Education, Dr. D.M. de Rebello. Comprehensive literature review, and intensive discussions with government functionaries, educationists, teachers, students, UNFPA country director and staff and concerned officials of the World Bank and other UN agencies involved in the program served as the modalities for the review. The review looked into the current status of the school education sector and assessed the present progress of the population education program vis-a-vis its objectives and achievements. It also analyzed the issues and constraints in relation to institutionalization of the program, capacity building and integration of population education in curriculum and textbooks. Among the many recommendations, the review proposed further building up of national capacities at various levels; development of teaching/learning materials and textbooks for the new sectors; and intensification of good quality teacher education. Institutionalization of population education in the formal school system up to grade 12 and in technical and vocational education as well as the madrasah system and the introduction of population education in the Mass Non-formal Education Program were also proposed.

Asia↗
PubMed2003

Transdisciplinary approaches to building the capacity of the public health workforce.

The thesis of this article is that public health professionals working across disciplines can have a greater impact on the health of the public than they can working independently. A conceptual model, the HERP (Health Care Services, Education, Research, Policy) Transdisciplinary Model, is proposed to support the thesis. The model differentiates transdisciplinary approaches from multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and other similar efforts. Methods for strengthening the public health workforce through application of the transdisciplinary approach to research, professional education, and practice are discussed. The key roles played by epidemiological research, the cardiovascular disease (CVD) care team, and health education/health promotion in CVD prevention in developing countries are highlighted. CVD prevention in sub-Saharan Africa is used as an example in discussing the model and the transdisciplinary approach.

Africa South of the Sahara↗