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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Colour vision disturbances in chronic smokers.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to test the influence of smoking on colour perception. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: At the University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 76 generally healthy smokers with inconspicuous ophthalmological findings (visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, morphology) were examined by the cap-sorting test, Roth 28-hue desaturated. Group 1 was comprised of smokers (n = 20; M 9, F 11; mean age 28.1+/-10.3 years) with a smoking consumption of less than one packet of cigarettes per day (8.4+/-5.3 cigarettes/day) for 9.1+/-8.3 years. Group 2 consisted of smokers (n = 32; M 22, F 10; mean age 28.6+/-9.7 years) with a smoking consumption of one or more than one packet per day (30+/-8.4 cigarettes/ day) for 9.5+/-8.3 years. Generally healthy and ophthalmologically normal non-smokers served as a control group (n = 76; M 41, F 35; mean age 30+/-9 years). RESULTS: The average error score of the control group was (median +/- mean absolute deviation) 42+/-18. Group 1 showed no difference to the control group (51+/-27; P = 0.42). On the other hand, group 2 had a significantly higher error score than the control group (102+/-45; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Otherwise healthy smokers with a cigarette consumption of less than 20 cigarettes per day do not show any disturbances in colour vision. Smokers who consume more than 20 cigarettes per day may suffer colour vision defects as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new colour vision test for clinical use.

Several tests are available for assessing colour vision but they can be expensive, complicated or too time consuming to perform. We have produced a new plate test based on pseudoisochromatic principles. The test, using an error score, examines both the red-green and blue-yellow axes, with four levels of difficulty for each axis. Results from a pilot study show that error scores from congenital red-green blind subjects are significantly higher than those of age-matched controls (p < 0.01) only when using the red-green plates and not the blue-yellow plates. In optic neuritis patients, error scores using both the red-green and blue-yellow plates were significantly higher than those of controls throughout the 6 month follow-up. The test, including scoring, takes 6 minutes to complete. These preliminary results suggest that the new test is effective for screening congenital red-green blindness and monitoring colour vision defects in acquired diseases such as optic neuritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Colour contrast thresholds in congenital colour defectives.

The influence of congenital colour defects on a clinical computer test for equiluminous colour discrimination is studied. Differences in relative spectral sensitivity and changes in colour contrast discrimination are two distinct manifestations of the abnormal genes responsible for congenital red-green defects. The very simple and rapid method of the heterochromatic flicker brightness test acts like an anomaloscope and can be used to distinguish protan and deuteran defectives. The depth of the congenital colour defect can be quantified by the colour contrast threshold measured in equiluminous conditions along a single red-green axis identical for all types of red-green colour defectives. Colour contrast thresholds in tritan colour axes are not influenced by congenital red-green defects and therefore they are of extreme clinical interest to detect and quantify acquired colour defects, even in the presence of a previously unknown congenital red-green defect.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1980

The 1976 accident experience of civilian pilots with static physical defects.

The 1974 and 1975 aircraft accident experiences of civilian pilots with eight selected static physical defects have been examined and reorted previously. Three categories--blindness or absence of either eye, deficient color vision with a waiver, and deficient distant vision--had significantly more accidents than were expected on the basis of observed-to-expected ratios. In 1975, accident rates were calculated. The rates for air men with blindness or absence of an eye were still found to be significantly higher. Observed-to-expected ratios for 1976 were 1.91 for deficient color vision with a waiver, 1.28 for contact lens users, 1.37 for blindness or absence of either eye, and 1.62 for deficient distant vision. The accident rates per 100,000 h of cumulative and last 6 months' flying experience were significantly greater for contact lens users and monocular pilots than for the active airman population. The other groups had no consistently significant differences.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision screening in a national sample of 11-year-old children.

This report describes the results of vision screening carried out by local health authorities on a national sample of 11-year-old schoolchildren using a standard Snellen chart. Of the 12 772 children tested, 78% had an unaided distant visual acuity of 6/6 or better in both eyes (optimal vision), 10% had a distant visual acuity of 6/9 in the worse or both eyes (near-optimal vision) and 12% had a visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in one or both eyes eyes (definite visual defect). In addition, near visual acuity was tested for 12 737 children and 5% were found to have defective near vision. Glasses had been prescribed for current use in 12% of children but a quarter of those prescribed glasses did not have them available at the time of the test. Testing revealed that 22% of children whose glasses were available had optimal or near-optimal unaided distant vision, the number increasing to 98% when retested wearing glasses. In contrast, 43% of the children who were without their glasses had optimal or near-optimal vision; 27% had a bilateral defect. Amongst the children for whom glasses had not been prescribed 4-6% had a visual defect. A higher proportion of children from non-manual family background than from manual family background had visual impairment and had been prescribed glasses, but there was no significant social class difference amongst the children with visual defects for whom no glasses had been prescribed. A defect of red/green colour vision was recorded in 6% of boys and 1% of girls. The proportion of children with poor visual acuity was similar in the group of children with defective colour vision and the group with normal colour vision.

Child↗