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PubMedDate not supplied

[Method for assessment and control of deposited plaque upon removable plastic orthodontic apparatuses].

The keeping of oral hygiene is of great importance during orthodontic treatment--for prophylaxis of caries and gingivae. The authors propose and Index for the hygiene of orthodontic apparatuses (IHOA) for the broad orthodontic practice, that is based on staining and scraping of the accumulated plaque by four fields of the removable orthodontic apparatus--in contact with the dental-gingival and mucosal surfaces. The scores from 0 to 3 enable the modification of the behaviour of the stomatologist and parents as regards the motivation, control and necessity of additional means for attaining the desired hygiene of the orthodontic apparatus.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1983

The effect of autoclave sterilization on endodontic files.

This study evaluates the effect of cyclic autoclave sterilization and simulated clinical usage on a mechanical property of one brand of stainless steel endodontic files. The angular deflection moments were measured by a torque apparatus approved by the American Dental Association for such purposes. Comparisons of values for sterilized and nonsterilized files were made. 1. A significant decrease in angular deflection values exists for stainless steel endodontic files having undergone ten cycles of autoclave sterilization versus files having undergone only two or five similar cyclings. 2. All file sizes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40) tested in torsion were detrimentally affected by the autoclave sterilization. 3. Of the files investigated, sizes 35 and 40 were the most adversely affected by the steam-under-pressure sterilization. 4. The angular deflection values of those files subjected to repeated autoclavings were not decreased below the minimum value accepted by the American Dental Association for resistance to torquing forces. It can therefore be concluded that repeated sterilization of a stainless steel endodontic file does result in a significant reduction in the torque resistance of that file. This reduction of the metal property is not significant clinically, however.

Endodontics↗
PubMed1999

Distraction implants: a new operative technique for alveolar ridge augmentation.

In the past alveolar ridge augmentation was mainly based on autologous or allogenic bone transplants. Since 1996 alveolar ridge distraction has enabled local osseous build-up without bone transplantation. The 'distraction implant', uniting qualities of a distraction apparatus with those of a dental implant, has been in use for three years at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Graz University. Its application in patients with alveolar ridge atrophy and other defects is demonstrated and the first results are presented in this study. Three patients with severe alveolar ridge atrophy of the edentulous mandible, three with extensive alveolar ridge defects and three with local alveolar defects following traumatic loss of a single tooth were treated with distraction implants. Segmental osteotomy was carried out in all patients and one or two distraction implants were positioned. Following this alveolar ridge distraction was carried out. In seven cases there were no complications, whereas in one patient distraction was discontinued, and altogether two distraction implants had to be removed. All complications were treated by conventional operative techniques. Fifteen of 17 distraction implants were loaded successfully. Alveolar ridge distraction by means of distraction implants is an adequate method of alveolar ridge augmentation resulting in improved implant sites and gingival conditions. The segment for distraction should not be smaller than an upper central incisor. The implants can be used for prosthetic treatment, but long-term results are still not finalised.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Studies with the HSE-digital periodontometer on tooth mobility and for checking of clinical degrees of mobility].

The mobility of normal teeth and teeth with periodontal lesions could be measured by means of the newly constructed HSE-digital-periodontometer and specially developed measuring head. After obtaining norm values, measurements of pethological changes allowed us to determine to what degree the clinically increased mobility of teeth was subject to subjective influences (range of error 36.5 to 70.5%). These results suggest that the scale of clinical grades of tooth mobility be increased to 5 altogether and that practical objective measuring apparatus be developed especially for dental practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Sugar in the pathogenesis of dental caries].

While the complex and versatile nature of the cariogenic effect of refined sugars in the mouth cavity is recognized, it is nevertheless believed that it is mostly due to altered metabolism in dental hard tissues in the presence of changed pancreatic insular apparatus. Caries goes through several stages in its development: phosphate metabolism disorders in dental tissue; calcium metabolism disorder; abnormal glycemia; declining ascorbic acid level and activation of the insular apparatus followed by its exhaustion. It is demonstrated, both experimentally and clinically, that caries-inducing factors are particularly dangerous in childhood when carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed, especially if due to the exposure to refined sugars. The effect of sugars on dental pulp, with a resulting decrease of its trophic influence on the teeth is believed to be very important. Sugar effects on the teeth is not a purely stomatologic problem; rather, it is of interest to other medical professions as well and has a national significance.

Diet, Cariogenic↗
PubMed1999

Fine structure of dental epithelial cells and the enameloid during the enameloid formation stages in an elasmobranch, Heterodontus japonicus.

The structural features of the dental epithelial cells and the enameloid in tooth germs of the Japanese Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus japonicus, in the stages of enameloid formation, were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. At the enameloid matrix-formation stage, tall columnar inner dental epithelial cells contained large numbers of glycogen particles. At the enameloid mineralization stage, when many sharply outlined crystals appeared throughout the enameloid, the inner dental epithelial cells exhibited well-developed Golgi apparatuses and many mitochondria in the proximal cytoplasm, and abundant vesicles and vacuoles in the distal cytoplasm. Marked interdigitations of the lateral membrane were visible in the inner dental epithelial cells. The outer dental epithelial cells contained many mitochondria, lysosomal bodies, vesicles and microtubules, and the capillaries usually approached the outer dental epithelial cells. At the enameloid maturation stage, large numbers of crystals occupied the enameloid, and most of the organic matrix had disappeared from the enameloid area after demineralization. The organelles in the inner and outer dental epithelial cells decreased in number, but there were still widely distributed Golgi apparatuses, abundant intermediate filaments and granules containing an electron-dense substance in the inner dental epithelial cells. It is probable that the dental epithelial cells are involved in the removal of organic matrix from the enameloid and in the process of mineralization at the later stages of enameloid formation, i.e., the mineralization and the maturation stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Stabilization of comminuted zygomatic fractures with external suspension apparatus.

An external fixation device using a suspension bar fashioned from dental compounds is described. The finished appliance resembles a drawer pull from which the fractured malar eminence is suspended. The apparatus is recommended for the treatment of comminuted, unstable zygomatic fractures where conventional means of stabilization have proved unsatisfactory or undesirable and where passive traction is desirable. Appliances fashioned from lightweight dental compounds offer the maxillofacial surgeon a safe, effective, and highly versatile means of stabilizing facial fractures.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2002

Laser interferometric method for measuring linear polymerization shrinkage in light cured dental restoratives.

OBJECTIVE: A novel laser interferometric method for monitoring linear polymerization shrinkage in dental restoratives is demonstrated. METHODS: The experimental apparatus consists of a low power Helium-Neon laser, a home-built Michelson interferometer, amplified photodiode detectors, and a computer data acquisition system. The feasibility of using interferometry to measure linear shrinkage was evaluated by measuring the percent linear contraction in five commercially available light cured restorative systems. RESULTS: Five-min interferometric curing profiles were collected for each restorative using a 400 mW/cm2 curing light irradiance. The 'interferograms' were converted into percent linear contraction profiles that revealed the relative kinetics of material shrinkage. The overall percent linear contraction after 5 min compares favorably with literature data for the five commercial restoratives studied here. SIGNIFICANCE: Interferometry offers several advantages over conventional methods of measuring polymerization contraction. These advantages include the inherent sensitivity and accuracy offered by interferometric measurements; the instrument does not need to be calibrated since the wavelength of the laser light source provides an accurate length standard. Also, the ability to collect data at high acquisition rates allows for the real-time characterization of unusually fast photopolymerization reactions. The low cost and relative ease of use associated with the apparatus are also advantageous.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1991

Etiologic theory and the prevention of temporomandibular disorders.

Over the last 75 years, a variety of etiologic factors has been suggested as the cause of pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular system. The earliest and still-popular etiologic theory proposed that temporomandibular disorders are induced by abnormal structure, usually described as a malocclusion of the teeth or jaws. The fact that this theory was based on mechanical concepts, ignored biologic diversity, and had limited factual experimental evidence to support it as well as extensive evidence in opposition did not seem to matter to its proponents. In the late 1960's and early 1970's, the structural occlusal model for TM Disorders was challenged and has yielded ground to a more multifactorial model of TMD causation. Other etiologic factors for TM disorders--such as anatomical susceptibility of TM tissues to trauma, polyarthritic diseases, joint laxity, repetitive parafunctional behaviors, and stress-related muscle dysfunction--need to be recognized and quantified. Unfortunately, many practicing dentists demonstrate a very poor understanding of and often fail to recognize these etiologic factors as agents that produce TM disorders. This failure is largely due to the fact that the dental profession has spent the last 90 years dealing with a variety of misconceptions about the etiology of temporomandibular disorders. In the 1990's, one of the more formidable challenges we face is acquiring the ability to segregate and define validly the specific TM Disorder of concern and then correctly identify and measure the specific etiologic factors that produce it. Until these problems are solved, it is unlikely that we will be able to prevent disease of the TM apparatus.

Dental Occlusion, Traumatic↗
PubMed1989

A clinical trial of PUVA treatment in oral lichen planus.

Seventeen patients with histologically confirmed oral lichen planus (LP) unresponsive to previous treatments were enrolled in a study on the feasibility of photochemotherapy in the treatment of oral LP. An Espe Uviolite apparatus originally designed for irradiation of light-cured dental composite fillings was used as the source of radiation. The wavelength range of the apparatus was 320-400 (UVA) nm. Two hours before irradiation, 8-methoxy-psoralen (0.6 mg/kg) was administered orally, treatments being given at intervals of 2-3 days. Subjective symptoms disappeared totally in 13 of 17 patients at a mean cumulative dose of 6.1 J/cm2. Two months after treatment with a mean total dose of 11.6 J/cm2, 12 of the 17 lesions had markedly improved. After 12-24 months of follow-up, complete clinical remission was found in 5 of the 17 patients, 7 patients were in partial remission and 5 remained only slightly improved. We conclude that PUVA treatment may be useful for treating recalcitrant oral LP but, until more extensive studies are performed, it must be considered as experimental.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative characteristics of the morphological indices of the maxillodental system in 7- to 12-year-old children with absent closure of the dental arches in the frontal plane].

The height of permanent teeth crowns was measured and the status of supporting tissue studied with the use of a Periotest apparatus (Siemens, Germany) in 95 children aged 7-12 with physiologic dental occlusion and in 70 age-matched children without dental occlusion in the frontal section. The data obtained by this apparatus permit a judgement on exercise tolerance of periodontal tissue. The size of the vertical fissure between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was measured in the children with abnormal occlusion and analysis of correlations and regressions of this parameter with the height of permanent teeth crown was carried out. The findings evidence that dental supporting tissue strength changes with age, as the maxillodental system develops, and that this characteristic is rather low in the children with non-occluding frontal teeth.

Child↗
PubMed2005

No reliable evidence that ozone gas stops or reverses tooth decay.

DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Premedline, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to nursing and Allied Health Literature)l and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database were searched. The journal Quintessence was searched by hand and KaVo Dental (Biberach, Germany) manufacturers of HealOzone apparatus were contacted for any additional published or unpublished trials. STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion was assessed independently by at least two reviewers. Trials were only included if they met the following criteria: randomisation in a controlled trial; single surface in vivo carious lesion accessible to ozone application; clear allocation concealment; ozone application to the lesions in the intervention group; no such application of ozone in the control group; and outcomes measured after at least 6 months. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Reviewers independently extracted information in duplicate. A paucity of comparable data did not allow meta-analytic pooling of the included studies. RESULTS: Three trials were included, with a combined total of 432 randomised lesions (137 participants). Forty-two conference papers, abstracts and posters were excluded (from an unknown number of studies). The risk of bias in all studies appeared high. The analyses of all three studies were conducted at the level of the lesion, which is not independent of the person. For this reason, pooling of data was not appropriate or attempted. Individual studies showed inconsistent effects of ozone on caries, across different measures of caries progression or regression. Few secondary outcomes were reported, but one trial reported an absence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high risk of bias in the available studies and lack of consistency between different outcome measures, there is no reliable evidence that application of ozone gas to the surface of decayed teeth stops or reverses the decay process. There is a fundamental need for more evidence of appropriate rigour and quality before the use of ozone can be accepted into mainstream primary dental care or can be considered a viable alternative to current methods for the management and treatment of dental caries.

Journal Article↗