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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth control discontinuance as a diffusion process.

This paper applies the diffusion of innovations model to the study of the birth control discontinuance of first-time users in the Dominican Republic. Two sets of factors are examined: social characteristics of the adopters are used to test Rogers's and Shoemaker's contention that discontinuers have more traditional values than continuers; and the adoption decision process is analyzed to identify the relationship of communication factors to discontinuance. Although number of children and experience of method problems were the major determinants of discontinuance, unfavorable information from friends and other birth control users was a significant factor. Rumor was found to have little effect on a women's decision to continue or discontinue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The economic evaluation of prostatic hyperthermia].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to assess the hospital cost of treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) by hyperthermia. The cost analysis was conducted simultaneously with a randomized clinical essay comparing hyperthermia to sham; the analysis was promoted by the Committee for Evaluation and Diffusion of Innovative Technologies (CEDIT) of the AP-HP. Cost components are: medical and paramedical staff salaries, supplies, overhead and capital costs. RESULTS: cost per session varies from FF 1200 to FF 5300; cost per treatment varies from FF 2500 to FF 9700 depending upon the equipment used. For comparison, annual drug treatment of BPH varies from FF 2600 to FF 2900. CONCLUSION: important variation in the treatment cost of BPH by hyperthermia is observed depending on the equipment used. Clinical data do not demonstrate improved efficacy with the costlier hyperthermia treatments. Drug treatment seems to be more cost effective than hyperthermia for BPH treatment.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1997

[Methods of investigation in clinical cardiology. VIII. Socioeconomic evaluation of clinical cardiology practice].

Health services are systems whose mission is to improve the health status of both individuals and society in general. In recent decades, these systems have faced challenges such as their increasing complexity, limited resources, rapid innovation and diffusion of medical technologies, pressures on demand from society and professionals, and the lack of knowledge of the effects of these factors on costs and society's health. In addition, health care expenditures have grown twice as fast as wealth in industrialized countries during the last 25 years. These problems have prompted cost containment as a key issue in health policy and, at the same time, have promoted the development of socioeconomic evaluation as a scientific activity in the frame of health services research. Socioeconomic evaluation tries to determine if the sacrifice made by society, which devotes part of its limited resources to health care, maximizes the outcomes for population. This article describes basic concepts and methods of economic appraisal in health services which are illustrated with examples of clinical practice in cardiology. Common methods of evaluation are described; the relation between the clinical outcome of a procedure and its associated costs is emphasized in explaining the types of efficiency analysis (cost-efficacy, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit); and finally a guide for socioeconomic evaluation is provided.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1988

Adoption of fluoride-based caries preventive innovations in a public dental service.

In dentistry comparative studies of diffusion of disease preventive innovations are rare and usually atheoretical. For these reasons the present study was designed 1) to determine whether or not normal distribution assumptions applied to decisions to adopt caries preventive fluoride programs in a public dental service; 2) to compare rates of adoption of two school-based and one clinic-based fluoride program, and 3) to look for evidence indicating which type of decision-making may have been involved. The programs studied were school-based fluoride brushing 4-5 times per year, fluoride mouthrinsing at least once a month, and professional topical fluoride applications at least once a year. Data were collected by postal questionnaires from public dental officers in Norway in 1972, 1977 and 1982. To determine the length of time which had elapsed from the time of innovation of the technologies to adoption, the dental literature was reviewed. The adoption curves for school-based fluoride brushing and rinsing, as well as for clinic-based topical fluoride application did not comply with the normal distribution assumption. The time lapse from innovation to adoption was in excess of 10 yr and the rates of adoption differed between programs. Decision-making would appear to have been primarily individual or collective. It was concluded that generalization beyond the innovations studied and the social and organizational setting of this particular investigation is inadmissible. Consequently, there is a need for more and larger scale comparative analytical studies to increase our understanding of diffusion and adoption of innovations in dentistry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the Coalition Index: A Guide to School Health Education Materials.

This evaluation examined the diffusion of an innovation entitled the Coalition Index: A Guide to School Health Education Materials. After distributing the Index to a sample of school district health coordinators (n = 39), interviews were completed with 92% of coordinators about their perceptions of the Index and their concern for organizing health resources within their professional role. A one-year follow-up interview was conducted to determine levels of implementation and diffusion. Coordinators responded favorably to the Index as an innovation. Concern scores were limited to those relating to self-management and task-management. Moreover, concern scores demonstrated significant, positive associations (p less than .01) with current use of the Index, and 49% of coordinators were users of the innovation one year after introduction. Results are discussed as they relate to diffusion of innovation stages.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical technology and health expenditure: an economic review and a proposal.

This paper is an evaluative survey of the economic literature on the relationship between technology and/or innovation and health expenditures. Various types of analysis viz. econometric modelling; three residual approaches; the cost-of-illness approach; and the literature on supplier interests are contrasted, and the results presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy and planning implications, and a simple, and conventional, proposal is made that could unambiguously determine this relationship in the case of process innovations.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1993

The linkage approach applied to a school-based smoking prevention program in The Netherlands.

Effective diffusion strategies are necessary to enhance use of innovative health promotion programs. One strategy uses the linkage approach to innovation-development and diffusion planning. The linkage approach enhances collaboration among three systems: resource system (university-based researchers), linkage system (district health educators), and user system (teachers). This article illustrates how the linkage approach was applied in a smoking prevention research project. Identification of the linkage system and the collaborative process between the resource system and linkage system are described. Results from a process evaluation indicated the linkage approach was feasible in a school-based smoking prevention project.

Child↗