Body weight, feeding, and drinking behaviors in rats with kainic acid-induced lesions of striatal neurons--with a note on body weight symptomatology in Huntington's disease.
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Animals↗
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Results for “Drinking Behavior”
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[The effect of damage to the n. accumbens septi on drinking behavior and on the ion-regulatory and excretory functions of the kidneys].
The experiments on adult male rats have shown that electrolytic damage of the n. accumbens septi (NAS) increases the water intake and the kaliuretic response. The NAS damage and intragastric water administration in the quantity 5% to the bodyweight influence on the renal natrium excretion and on the glomerular filtration. The possible mechanisms of influences of the limbic damages on the drinking behaviour and on the renal solute and water excretion are discussed.
Animals↗
Acute effect of intracerebroventricular administration of zinc on the drinking behavior of rats induced by dehydration or central cholinergic and angiotensinergic stimulation.
1. Zinc is a metal important for several biological functions including neuromodulation and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. 2. In the present paper we studied the acute effects of third ventricle injections (2 microliters) of minute amounts of zinc acetate on the water intake of male, adult, Wistar rats (N = 7-14) under three conditions: water deprivation (14 h, overnight) and after third ventricle injections of carbachol (11 nmoles/rat in 2 microliters) or angiotensin II (AII, 9.6 pmoles/rat in 2 microliters). 3. Central injections of zinc acetate in different doses (0.3 and 3.0 nmoles/rat) induced a partial blockade of water intake of rats under all three conditions studied. Water intake after 120 min in control dehydrated rats (those receiving NaAc instead of Zn(Ac)2) was 7.89 +/- 0.47 ml while dehydrated animals receiving Zn(Ac)2 in the highest dose employed (3.0 nmoles/rat) was 2.90 +/- 0.75 ml. Carbachol-induced water intake after 45 min was 5.49 +/- 0.83 ml. This value was significantly reduced in zinc-treated (3.0 nmoles/rat) animals receiving carbachol (2.41 +/- 0.84 ml). Angiotensin-treated animals exhibit a water intake of 3.85 +/- 0.48 ml after 45 min, a value reduced to 1.13 +/- 0.6 ml in those animals receiving angiotensin II plus zinc (3.0 nmoles/rat). 4. It is suggested that zinc alters the functional integrity of cholinergic and angiotensinergic systems in the central nervous system mediating water-intake behavior in rats.
Acetates↗
Drinking behavior in laboratory and barroom settings.
Barroom patrons consumed their drinks in significantly less time and with fewer sips than subjects observed in a laboratory. The former most often drank beer while the latter preferred mixed drinks.
Adult↗
Correspondence between reports of problem drinkers and spouses on drinking behavior and impairment.
Correlations between patients' and spouses' reports of drinking were modest when relatively precise measures of drinking were used but stronger when more global measures were used.
Adult↗
[Drinking behavior in Switzerland].
The results of a broad survey of drinking behaviour in Switzerland are reported. It is based on a questionnaire considered to be representative obtained from 1500 residents of Switzerland between 15 and 74 years of age. The study confirms previous findings that, similar as in other countries, alcohol consumption in Switzerland is distributed in the population as a logarithmic curve. The results demonstrate that the alcohol consumed in amounts which are considered to be dangerous to health (daily consumption of pure alcohol: 80 grams and more) was found to be 30% of total consumption in German and French Switzerland, and 47% in Italian Switzerland respectively. In contrast to other countries there is no predominance of particular beverages, but there are some clear-cut preferences for certain beverages in certain areas within the country. The study further demonstrates that in areas with higher average consumption a higher percentage of heavy consumers is found; this is particularly the case for French and Italian Switzerland. Moreover, a higher average consumption is associated with an increase in mortality rates from alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. The relationship between regional average consumption and mortality rates from cirrhosis indicates not a linear, but an exponential increase of the latter with rising consumption. It was found that the following social-demographic variables are significantly associated with the prevalence to drinking: sex, age, income and education.
Adolescent↗
[Comparative analysis of the drinking behavior of rats after microinjections of angiotensin II and bradykinin into the cerebral ventricles and instillations on the conjunctiva of the eye].
The effects of angiotensin-II and bradykinin intracerebroventricular microinjections and instillations on the conjunctiva on water and alcohol consumption in rats were compared. The identical effects of peptide instillations on the conjunctiva and intracerebroventricular microinjections were demonstrated. Dipsogenic doses of angiotensin-II for instillations on the conjunctiva in intact rats were greater than or equal to 10 micrograms. At the same time the effective peptide doses in drinking rats were similar to intracerebroventricular drug doses.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Central 5-HT(4) receptors and drinking behavior.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute third ventricle injections of two different 5-HT(4) receptor antagonists, GR 113808 and SB 204070, on water intake in different situations. Injections of 80 nmol/rat of both GR 113808 and SB 204070 were unable to modify water intake in normohydrated rats. Pretreatment with GR 113808 (40 and 80 nmol/rat) and SB 204070 (80 and 160 nmol/rat) blunted water intake after third ventricle injections of angiotensin II (9.6 pmol/rat) compared to saline-pretreated controls. Pretreatment with 80 nmol/rat of both antagonists potentiated drinking induced by third ventricle injections of carbachol (11.0 nmol/rat) compared to saline-pretreated control. In all doses employed, none of the compounds was able to modify water intake in dehydrated rats. A separate control test using one-bottle taste aversion paradigm indicated that the reduction in water intake observed in some of the present experiments could not be attributed to a drug-induced malaise. It is suggested that central 5-HT(4) receptors exert a dualistic role on the control of water intake potentiating angiotensin II-induced drinking and inhibiting thirst induced by central cholinergic activation
Animals↗
[Sucking and drinking behavior as criteria of vitality in newborn calves].
Newborn dairy calves (n = 82) were investigated for relations between frequency and intensity of sucking movements at the one hand and course of parturition, values of a modified Apgar-Score, time between birth and first standing as well as parameters in the blood (lactate, glucose, immunoglobulins, pH, base excess, pCO2) and the incidence of newborn diseases at the other hand. In another group 101 dairy and 533 crossbred calves (dairy x beef) were compared with regard to the course of parturition, vitality, sucking behaviour and the ability to stand and drink without help 12 hours post natum. Sucking behaviour can be recommended as a criterion of vitality alone or as part of a modified Apgar-Score. A frequency of 80 and more intensive sucking movements/min sucking time and the ability to stand and drink without human help within 12 hours post natum are physiological. In milk x beef crossbred calves this ability can be impaired even in cases of normal birth.
Animals↗
[Alcohol drinking behavior and genetics].
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Alcohol Drinking↗
[Epidemiological research on drinking of women (Part 1). Drinking behavior of women].
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Adolescent↗
Do women change their drinking behaviors while trying to conceive? An opportunity for preconception counseling.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of preventable mental retardation and developmental disabilities, including fetal alcohol syndrome. Current medical guidelines recommend that no alcohol should be consumed over the period of conception and throughout pregnancy. Although the majority of women reduce alcohol consumption when they realize they are pregnant, this recognition may not occur until well into the first trimester, potentially impacting embryonic development. OBJECTIVES: To describe and assess changes in patterns of women's alcohol use between the preconception, pre-pregnancy recognition and post-pregnancy recognition time periods. Secondly, to describe characteristics of women consuming any alcohol and those binge drinking during pre- and post-pregnancy recognition periods. METHODS: Computer assisted telephone interviews were conducted with 1042 women who had recently delivered a baby in urban Alberta, Canada. Differences in consumption patterns between time periods were analyzed using analysis of variance and Chi-square tests. Characteristics of those drinking both before and after pregnancy recognition were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Eighty percent of women reported alcohol consumption pre-conceptually, 50% pre-pregnancy recognition and 18% post-pregnancy recognition. Binge drinking was reported by 32%, 11% and 0% for preconception, pre-pregnancy recognition and post-pregnancy recognition periods, respectively. Alcohol consumption patterns (i.e., the mean number of drinks per drinking day and week) did not differ significantly between preconception and pre-pregnancy recognition periods but did significantly drop after pregnancy recognition (p<0.001). Alcohol use during the period of pre-pregnancy recognition was higher among those not planning a pregnancy, not using assisted reproductive technology, of higher income, without a history of miscarriage, who were Caucasian, and who used tobacco. Binge drinking was higher among women not planning a pregnancy, those who used tobacco, and those with low self-esteem. Women continuing to drink small amounts of alcohol after pregnancy recognition were more likely to be between the ages of 30-39 years, be Caucasian and use tobacco. CONCLUSION: Preconception and "well-women" counseling strategies would be improved by increasing the emphasis on the risks of alcohol use during periods when pregnancy can occur.
Adult↗
Xylene induced feeding and drinking behavior and central adrenergic receptor binding.
Mice were exposed to 1600 ppm m-xylene 4 hours a day, 5 days a week in 7 weeks. At the end of exposure binding of 3H-clonidine to four brain regions was measured, and it was found that the binding was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus region but not altered in diencephalon, cortex and cerebellum. During the m-xylene exposure the mice ate and drank more than the control group, which resulted in a loss of weight for the controls compared to the exposed mice, when weighed before and after the 4 hours exposure. The results show that m-xylene can induce eating and drinking response in mice, and it is suggested that there is a connection between this phenomenon and the decrease in alpha-receptor binding in the hypothalamus region.
Animals↗
Effect of intravenous angiotensin II on Fos distribution and drinking behavior in rabbits.
We investigated the effect of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II, 40 ng.kg-1.min-1) on the distribution of Fos in the subfornical organ (SFO), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), and the medulla of the conscious rabbit. ANG II elicited significant increases in the number of Fos-positive cell nuclei in the SFO and OVLT (15- and 10-fold, respectively). Raising blood pressure with phenylephrine did not elicit Fos in these nuclei. These nuclei are believed to be responsible for the dipsogenic actions of ANG II; however, ANG II was not dipsogenic. When blood pressure was held at preinfusion levels by the coadministration of sodium nitroprus-side and ANG II, the rabbits did not drink but Fos production in the lamina terminalis was elevated. In the medulla, ANG II did not significantly increase Fos production in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) or ventrolateral medulla (VLM). However, with the coadministration of sodium nitroprusside, there were marked increases in the NTS and VLM. The results suggest that neurons in the SFO and OVLT are either not involved in the dipsogenic pathways or there is disruption further downstream in the central pathways that would normally mediate a drinking response to ANG II.
Angiotensin II↗
Drinking behavior and perception of thirst in untrained women during 6 weeks of heat acclimation and outdoor training.
The purposes of this study were to characterize measures of fluid intake and perception of thirst in women over a 6-week period of exercise-heat acclimation and outdoor training and examine if this lengthy acclimation period would result in changes in fluid intake that differ from those previously reported in men utilizing a shorter acclimation protocol of 8-10 days. Voluntary water intake (11-17 degrees C) and perception of thirst were measured in a group of 5 women (21-26 yr) undergoing exercise-heat acclimation for 90 min/day, 3 days/wk (36 degrees C, rh 50-70%) and outdoor training 3 days/wk for 6 weeks. Decreased drinking during acclimation was characterized by a decrease in the number of drinks (35 +/- 10 to 17 +/- 5; p <.05), greater time to first drink (9.9 +/- 2.0 to 23.1 +/- 4.7 min; p <.05), and a decrease in total volume ingested per week (3310 +/- 810 to 1849 +/- 446 ml; p <.05) through the 6-week study. Mean perceived thirst measurements remained low and showed only slight variance (3 +/- 0.4 to 5 +/- 0.4). These observations support a psycho-physiological response pattern different than that previously observed during 8-10 day acclimation protocols in men.
Acclimatization↗
The role of the subfornical organ in the drinking behavior of the pigeon.
Pigeons with radiofrequency lesions that damaged the subfornical organ (SFO) (n = 4) or that isolated it from adjacent structures (n = 5), but not sham-lesioned pigeons, were unresponsive to blood-borne (i.p.) ANG II (100 micrograms/pigeon) in the immediate postoperative period and for 60 days thereafter. These animals were less sensitive to hypovolemic challenge (20% PEG), but they responded normally to 24 h of water deprivation and to cellular dehydration. Despite their unresponsiveness to bloodborne ANG II, the lesioned pigeons drank normally to 10 ng of i.c.v. ANG II given as early as 10 days after surgery, and they drank reliably and vigorously but less in total volume to 100 ng i.c.v. They also drank quickly, vigorously, and in normal total volume to i.c.v. tachykinins and bombesins, and to the peripheral (i.p.) bombesins. Peripheral (i.m.) tachykinins produced only low volume and variable drinking in all birds tested regardless of brain damage. The SFO of the pigeon, like that of the mammal, is essential for drinking evoked by blood-borne ANG II and is not necessary for thirst aroused by ANG II acting from within the cerebral ventricles. Lastly, it does not mediate the dipsogenic effects of the tachykinins or the bombesins.
Angiotensin II↗
Effects of amylin and salmon calcitonin on feeding and drinking behavior in pygmy goats.
In the present study, the effects of peripherally administered amylin and of the amylin-related peptide salmon calcitonin (sCT) on food and water intake was tested for the first time in pygmy goats. In the first series of experiments, the effect of amylin on food (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg/kg b.wt.) and water (2.0 microg/kg) intake was tested. In the second series of experiments, the effect of sCT on food intake (1.0 microg/kg) was tested under ad libitum feeding conditions or after 14 h food deprivation. The relationship of dose on the effect of sCT (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 microg/kg) on food and water intake was also tested. Finally, the effect of a low dose (0.1 sCT microg/kg) on water intake was also investigated during food withdrawal. We showed for the first time an anorexigenic effect of the satiety peptide amylin (2.0 microg/kg) in ruminants, which was characterized by a reduction in meal size. In pygmy goats, the administration of the three doses of sCT induced an anorexigenic effect, which was larger and of longer duration when compared with amylin, although the anorexigenic effect of the lowest dose never reached significance. This effect was not dose dependent and was partly due to a reduction in meal size and partly to a prolongation of the interval between meals. The anorexigenic effect of sCT was accompanied by a reduced water intake, probably due to reduced prandial drinking. Furthermore, the low dose of sCT (0.1 microg/kg) was dipsogenic during food withdrawal.
Amyloid↗
Actions of amylin on subfornical organ neurons and on drinking behavior in rats.
Amylin, a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta-cells after food intake, contributes to metabolic control by regulating nutrient influx into the blood, whereas insulin promotes nutrient efflux and storage. We now report that amylin activates neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO), a structure in which the lack of a functional blood-brain barrier and the presence of a high density of amylin receptors may render it accessible and sensitive to circulating amylin. In an in vitro slice preparation of the rat SFO, 73% of 78 neurons were excited by superfusion with rat amylin (10(-8)-10(-7) M); the remainder were insensitive. The threshold concentration for the excitatory response of amylin was <10(-8) M and thus similar in potency to a previously reported excitatory effect of ANG II on the same neurons. The excitatory effect of amylin was completely blocked by coapplication of the selective amylin receptor antagonist AC-187 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) but was not affected by losartan (10(-5) M). Subcutaneous injections of 40 nmol of amylin significantly increased water intake in euhydrated rats, as did an equimolar dose of ANG II, which is a well-described SFO-mediated effect of circulating ANG II. These results point to the SFO as a sensory central nervous target for amylin released systemically in response to metabolic changes. Furthermore, we suggest that amylin release during food intake may stimulate prandial drinking.
1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗