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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Estonia.

Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on dried blood spots (mean + 2SD cut off value 12 microU/ml) by fluoroimmunoassay using DELFIA kits. A total of 20,021 infants were screened, and seven cases with congenital hypothyroidism were detected, giving an incidence of congenital hypothyroidism of 1:2860 (female:male ratio 6:1). In four of seven infants with congenital hypothyroidism (57%) the mother also had thyroid disease, supporting the importance of genetic factors as a cause of congenital hypothyroidism. Transient hyperthyrotropinaemia occurred in 654 infants (recall rate 3.3%). There was a significant association of transient hyperthyrotropinaemia only with cardiac failure at birth or caesarean section (p < 0.01). Family studies showed no predisposition to thyroid diseases associated with a transient increase of TSH.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genetic polymorphism in Estonia.

The distribution of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) gene deletion was examined in 151 healthy, unrelated individuals from an Estonian population. The study was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The frequency of individuals with allele GSTM1*0 in homozygous state in Estonian population was 0.503.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The Third Stroke Registry in Tartu, Estonia: decline of stroke incidence and 28-day case-fatality rate since 1991.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the time trends of stroke during the last 10 years in an Estonian population by comparison of the results from the 2 previous stroke registries from Tartu. METHODS: The Third Stroke Registry in Tartu was conducted from January 12, 2001, to November 30, 2003. The previous registry was composed from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1993. The design of both studies is similar, using the same study criteria and classification schemes. RESULTS: A total of 1280 patients with first-ever stroke were registered during the 5-year study period. The overall incidence rate of 230 per 100,000 declined between the studies to 188 per 100,000 age-standardized to the European standard population. The age-adjusted incidence rate for women decreased from 204 to 164 per 100,000 between the 2 periods. In most of the age groups, the overall case-fatality rates declined during the second period; the trend in the age group 75 to 84 years was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of first-ever stroke in Tartu has declined significantly during the past decade and reached the level of the first registry. The 28-day case-fatality rate has declined from 30% to 26%. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, incidence of stroke, and ischemic heart disease has been high in Eastern European countries. Our data show that the situation has improved.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Tartu, Estonia, USSR, 1970 through 1973.

This study was undertaken to establish the incidence and mortality for various types of cerebrovascular disease in the population of Tartu. All medical records for this population were reviewed for the period 1970 through 1973, and those with a diagnosis of brain infarction, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified. Only the first stroke was considered when determining incidence. A total of 786 cases were included in the study. Without cases of transient ischemic attacks, the number was 667 (e.g., cases of stroke). Cerebral infarction accounted for 80% of all strokes, cerebral hemorrhage for 13.5% and subarachnoid hemorrhage for 6.5%. The incidence rate for stroke was higher for men than for women and significantly increased in each older age group. The rate for all persons was 184 per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of transient ischemic attacks was 33 per 100,000 population per year. The mortality rate for stroke for this population was 98/100,000 per year. The data on incidence of stroke and its type, its dependence on age and sex, and mortality rate are close to the corresponding data reported from other countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Ante- and perinatal factors for cerebral palsy: case-control study in Estonia.

Establishing consistency between cerebral palsy registries in reporting of new cases enables more effective collaboration in terms of researching predisposing factors. To identify antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for cerebral palsy in the Estonian population, we undertook a matched case-control study of 153 children with cerebral palsy, ascertained from a population-based survey. One hundred two maternal, antenatal, and intrapartum variables were initially retrieved from medical records. Main outcome measures were the odds ratio estimates of relative risk of cerebral palsy. As a result of the study, and considering the whole spectrum of severity, the relevant risk factors during pregnancy were bleeding after 20 weeks, anemia in the second half of pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension in the second half of pregnancy, and preeclampsia. The most important intrapartum factors were premature birth, placental abruption, an acute hypoxic event during delivery, and any fetal presentation other than vertex. Predisposing factors related to neonatal condition were an Apgar score < or = 7 at the first and fifth minutes of life, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and assisted ventilation. Our findings suggest that intrapartum factors, including those hypothetically realized through hypoxic-ischemic pathways, are not of low importance in the etiology of cerebral palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Smoking among schoolteachers in Estonia 1980.

In the autumn 1980 schoolteachers in the Estonian SSR received a questionnaire concerning smoking habits and attitudes to health risks related to smoking. Responses were received from 8 347 teachers (82% response rate). Of the 1 336 men studied, 40% were current smokers and 15% ex-smokers. Of the 7 011 women, 11% were current smokers and 4% ex-smokers. Among men in the age groups below 30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and above 59 years the percentages of current smokers were 44, 44, 36, 38 and 45, respectively. For female schoolteachers the corresponding figures were 20, 15, 7, 6 and 2. There were no differences in the rates of smoking between Estonian (40% current smokers) and Russian (40%) men. Among Estonian females there were more current smokers (13%) than among Russian females (5%) studied. Of male schoolteachers who were current smokers, 92 smoked cigarettes only; among females this percentage was 99. Two percent of male and 15% of female cigarette smokers smoked a few cigarettes per month; the proportions of heavy smokers (20 or more cigarettes per day) were 10% and 1%, respectively. The belief that smoking is associated with coronary heart disease, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and lung emphysema was more widespread among ex-smokers and non-smokers as compared with current smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dyspepsia in rural residents of Estonia. Life-style factors, psychoemotional disorders, and familial history of gastrointestinal diseases.

BACKGROUND: The association between dyspepsia and life-style factors, psychoemotional disorders, and familial history of gastrointestinal diseases was evaluated in a case-control study of dyspepsia. METHODS: A group of 500 consecutive dyspeptic patients, attending a rural health care center, and a sex- and age-matched control group (n = 500) were interviewed using a specially compiled questionnaire. RESULTS: The dyspeptic subjects showed a significantly higher prevalence of psychoemotional disorders (p < 0.001), irregular dietary regimen (p < 0.05), and familial history of gastrointestinal diseases. The number of ex-smokers was also larger in dyspeptic subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the subject group with the heterogeneous syndrome of dyspepsia has several characteristics in common.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The incidence of osteoporotic fractures at the University Hospital of Tartu, Estonia.

The incidence of typical osteoporotic bone fractures in 1351 women of various age groups was investigated, using the records of the traumatologic service and the census data. The fracture rates of different localization according to patients age were analyzed. The life style of the patients, previous diseases, used drugs etc. were clarified by questionnaire. The results of study indicated that the risk of falling may be related to menopausal status, self-reported arthritis and use of corticosteroids and diuretics. The most effective preventive measures of osteoporosis are discussed.

Adult↗