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Results for “EYES, MUSCLES”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Enlargement of an extraocular eye muscle: a symptom of cysticercosis].

BACKGROUND: Cysticercosis is one of the two infections caused by Taenia solium. It is endemic in areas with poor hygienic standards. In western countries the patients history of previous living or travelling in endemic areas is important. Neurocysticercosis is a manifestation with single or multiple ocular, orbital or cerebral lesions. PATIENT: Two patients presented with severe headache and pain in the ocular region. Both patients were diagnosed to have a cystic lesion in an extraocular muscle. RESULTS: Both patients had a manifestation of cysticercosis. Additionally patient no. 1 had a myositis of this muscle, patient no. 2 had a posterior scleritis. CONCLUSION: Without evidence of an eosinophilia and stool ova and cysts and without a positive ELISA-test for cysticercosis the pathognomonic appearance of the thickened muscle, the cyst and the scolex inside should lead to the diagnosis cysticercosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

[Possibilities for the demonstration and differentiation of eye muscle changes in endocrine orbitopathy and ocular myositis using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography].

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography is a new imaging technique which at present is still not very common in ophthalmology. Improvement of contrast and resolution by use of surface coils produces high-quality pictures which open up completely new possibilities in orbital diagnosis. This article explains the procedure and describes its use in some cases of Graves' disease and ocular myositis. Differential diagnostic possibilities in orbital diseases are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Image-guided placement of eye muscle electrodes for intraoperative cranial nerve monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: Monitoring of the oculomotor system during cranial base or brainstem surgery requires extraocular intraorbital insertion of electromyography electrodes. We investigated the use of image-guidance technology for anatomically correct intraorbital electrode placement. METHODS: For neuronavigation, an optical tracking system was used in a standard fashion. Needle electrodes were inserted percutaneously into the lateral rectus, inferior rectus, and superior oblique muscle along the axis of a hand-held pointer or by means of an electrode applicator to allow direct tracking with the navigation system. Electromyographic monitoring was performed by multichannel recordings of free running or evoked activity from the selected muscles. RESULTS: We have used this method in 10 patients; 5 had cranial base tumors and 5 underwent operations for brainstem lesions. No additional instruments or resources were required compared with the routine setup, and no intraorbital structures were injured. Successful monitoring of oculomotor, trochlear, or abducent nerve function was possible in each case. CONCLUSION: This method may have the potential to increase the safety and success rate of intraoperative electro-ophthalmography during microsurgery focused on preservation of neurological function.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1999

Eye muscles surgery.

In the past year, experimental studies have analyzed instrument-induced measurement errors during strabismus surgery, investigated intraoperative variables pertinent to adjustable sutures, and investigated ways to prevent and create adhesions in animal models. Newer surgical techniques include coincident resection and recession of a rectus muscle, recession and resection without placement of scleral sutures, and modification of graded anterior transposition of the inferior obliques. Ocular motility problems related to thyroid ophthalmopathy, or lost muscles, as well as those occurring after surgery for retinal detachment remain a challenge. Patients may avoid the risks associated with the use of topical corticosteroids after strabismus surgery by using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in their place. Recent contributions to the literature on these issues are reviewed here.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Eye muscle surgery.

In the past year experimental studies have analyzed the ease with which specific sutures can be adjusted, have investigated ways to prevent adhesions in animal models, and have studied variations of the inferior oblique at the surgical capture site. Our knowledge of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys continues to improve, and the value of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of several conditions has been further documented. New surgical techniques include slanted recessions of the lateral rectus muscles, combined monocular resection and bilateral anterior transposition of the inferior oblique, and intraoperative use of acetylcholine during inferior oblique myectomy. Favorable results have been reported after clinically important modifications to the superior oblique muscle silicone expander and anterior transposition of the inferior oblique procedures, as well as after bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Conjunctival inclusion cysts, anterior segment ischemia despite microvascular dissection, and corneal topographic changes are reported as complications occurring after strabismus surgery. Recent publications discussing these issues are reviewed here.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Magnetic resonance imaging determination of extraocular eye muscle volume in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and proptosis.

PURPOSE: Recent studies concerning the association between extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and immunological and clinical activity have not been conclusive, probably due to a lack of uniform imaging methods (ultrasonography, computer tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and difficulties in the determination of EOM volume. The aim of the present study was to examine the significance of EOM enlargement as established by MRI-based volume determination, with reference to proptosis and the presence of autoantibodies, clinical activity and the duration of active disease. METHODS: We determined EOM volume using MRI in 15 patients concomitantly with the determination of TSH, thyroid hormones, thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRab) thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and clinical activity score (CAS) at entry. We also established the duration until cessation of clinically active TAO. RESULTS: All 15 patients had bilateral EOM enlargement, but swelling of orbital fatty tissue was absent. Significant correlations between thickness of musculi rectales and proptosis, values of TRab, CAS, and duration of activity were observed. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis of a role of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in the pathogenesis of TAO and suggest that only EOM enlargement is responsible for proptosis in TAO.

Adult↗