[Endodermal sinus tumor of the infant testis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Endodermal Sinus Tumor”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Determination of serum AFP for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor (author's transl)].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
[The testicular endodermal sinus tumor in the adult].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Regulatory role of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta in the production of plasma proteins in yolk sac tumor.
Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is a malignant germ cell tumor characterized by AFP production, in which histologic foci similar to hepatocellular carcinoma occasionally coexist. We assumed a possible contribution of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta, a transcription factor implicated in the regulation of plasma proteins in the liver, to the regulation of AFP production and to the expression of other plasma proteins in yolk sac tumor cells because our immunohistochemical analysis revealed nuclear expression of C/EBP-beta in human yolk sac tumors. Overexpression of C/EBP-beta in a rat yolk sac tumor cell line, AT-2-TC, increased production of AFP and other plasma proteins, including albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, hepatoglobin, and transferrin. Liver-enriched transcription factors, including hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF)-1alpha, -1 beta, and -4, were also induced. The induction of this protein expression was only evident in xenografts, where C/EBP-beta was phosphorylated and the activating isoform of C/EBP-beta was relatively predominant. These results indicate that C/EBP-beta plays a role in the production of plasma proteins of yolk sac tumors.
Adult↗
Successful treatment of mediastinal germ cell/endodermal sinus tumors.
Three patients with endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum and two with endodermal sinus tumor mixed with other histologies were treated with CEBA (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, and doxorubicin [Adriamycin]) and by cytoreductive surgery. Three patients treated with CEBA followed by surgery achieved a complete remission and remain free of disease at 36+, 35+, and 28+ months, respectively, from diagnosis. Two patients were treated initially with vinblastine, bleomycin, cisplatin, and surgery, and neither achieved a complete remission. Both then received CEBA, and one achieved a complete remission (duration 47 + months). Bone marrow toxicity from CEBA was severe, abrupt, and cumulative. All patients experienced neutropenic fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions. The CEBA followed by vigorous cytoreductive surgery is effective treatment for germ cell tumors of the medastinum containing endodermal sinus tumor elements.
Adolescent↗
Hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor of the testis.
A case of testicular yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) consisting predominantly of hepatoid cells is documented. A mass measuring approximately 4 x 3 cm was noted in the left testis of a 64-year-old man. Preoperative examination revealed an elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (5479 ng/mL). Histologically, the lesion was composed predominantly of sheet-like or trabecular proliferation of hepatocyte-like cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for alpha-fetoprotein, antimitochondrial antibody, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. It was necessary to distinguish this variant lesion from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and hepatoid carcinoma.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Yolk sac tumor of the ovary: radiologic-pathologic correlation in four cases.
We report the radiologic and pathologic features of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) of the ovary in four patients. Yolk sac tumors were shown as well-enhancing solid tumors on both CT and MR studies and were associated with prominent signal voids on MRI. A hypervascular nature was confirmed on microscopic studies. Areas of hemorrhage were another common characteristic. These imaging findings seem to have an important implication for the diagnosis of this tumor.
Adolescent↗
Pure yolk sac tumor of the ovary with mosaic 45X/46X + mar Turner's syndrome with a Y-chromosomal fragment.
A pure yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) of the dysgenetic gonad developed in a 23-year-old woman whose karyotype was mosaic 45X/46X + mar Turner's syndrome is reported. Molecular biological studies showed that the patient's DNA contained a fragment of Y chromosome. This case seems to be extremely rare case of developing a pure yolk sac tumor in a patient with mosaic Turner syndrome with a Y-chromosomal fragment.
Adult↗
Yolk sac tumor of unknown origin with intracranial and spinal metastases.
Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (Endodermal sinus tumor, YST) is quite rare, and most usually involves the pineal gland. This report concerns a rare case of unknown origin of yolk sac tumor with intracranial and spinal metastases. The 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of acute urinary retension and paraparesis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrathecal tumor spreading below the third lumbar segment, and tumors also appeared in the left temporal area and right cerebellar hemisphere. The pineal region was free of neoplastic involvement and the gonads were normal. The patients underwent operation to remove intracranial and spinal tumors, and postoperative radiotherapy was administered. The histological findings showed metastatic yolk sac tumor. Multiple intracranial and spinal seeding were noticed postoperatively. The patient died of recurrent YST and pneumonia three months after operation. The origin of secondary YST can always be found in specific midline sites. This is a rare case since the primary lesion is unknown.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Yolk sac tumor of the temporal bone: report of a case.
Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is rarely encountered in the temporal bone. Facial nerve paralysis can be a primary manifestation of this condition. Histologically, the tumor can be difficult to diagnose, although elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein can facilitate its identification. In this report, we describe the case of an 18-month-old girl who developed peripheral VIIth nerve palsy and a polypoid mass in the left external ear canal 3 months following myringotomy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor involved the left external ear canal, middle ear space, and mastoid air cells. Biopsies were consistent with a yolk sac tumor. Special staining demonstrated that only a very few tumor cells were positive for alpha fetoprotein, despite the markedly elevated level of alpha fetoprotein in her serum. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, which included cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. Within a period of weeks, she experienced a complete reversal of her left VIIth nerve palsy, a marked decrease in her serum alpha fetoprotein levels, and a dramatic resolution of the tumor as demonstrated radiographically. Such a successful chemotherapeutic response in this case argues against surgical intervention in other cases, particularly in view of the risk of serious complications with surgery.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Dusting off another shelf: further comments on classic gynecologic pathology books of yesteryear.
Selected outstanding books from the older literature on gynecologic pathology are reviewed with emphasis on drawing attention to the abundant helpful information and often outstanding illustrations that are worthy of review by present-day pathologists. This represents a follow up to a previous similar essay that appeared in Volume 19:67-84, 2000. The first three books cover general gynecological pathology: Gynecological Pathology by Carl Abel; Gynecological and Obstetrical Pathology by Robert T. Frank; and Haines and Taylor's Gynaecological Pathology by Magnus Haines and Claud W. Taylor. Each of them emphasizes the time-honored problem of mimicry of malignancy by diverse benign lesions or even aspects of normal histology. Awareness of the clinical background and cooperation between the clinician and pathologist are emphasized. The other three books considered are all devoted largely or exclusively to the ovary: Ovarian Tumors by Hans Selye, Ovarian Neoplasms, Morphology, and Classification by Karel Motlik, and Special Tumors of Ovary and Testis and Related Extragonadal Lesions by Gunnar Teilum. The book of Selye has a truly remarkable encyclopedic coverage of the older literature, the references being so comprehensive that they are presented in a separate volume. A number of aspects of the histopathology of ovarian tumors that have been emphasized in recent years are noted in Selye's book. Dr. Motlik's book presents a very high quality consideration of the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Teilum's book contains a masterful account of the histopathology of germ cell tumors emphasizing a neoplasm with which his name will always be associated, the yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor). Numerous beautiful and refreshingly large illustrations are provided, and Dr. Teilum's interest in comparative pathology is evident in the pages, his linking of the famous Schiller-Duval bodies with the endodermal sinuses of the rat placenta, being the most notable example.
Gynecology↗
Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor: immunofluorescent demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis.
An autopsy case of 20-year-old male with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is reported. Whereas the biopsy specimen obtained from the pineal region showed diffuse proliferation of atypical tumor cells, the metastatic subdural tumor removed from lumbar spinal region had the characteristic histologic appearance of yolk sac tumor. The histologic diagnosis was intracranial yolk sac tumor originating in the pineal gland. The elevated amount of alpha-fetoprotein in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the serum further supported the diagnosis. At autopsy, only metastatic tumor was present in the posterior fossa. The immunofluorescence study demonstrated the presence of intra- and extracellular alpha-fetoprotein globules in the tumor tissue. The intra- and extracellular distribution of alpha-fetoprotein, in general, appeared to coincide with that of the PAS-positive hyaline globules in the tumor.
Adult↗
Experimental yolk-sac tumors produced by fetectomy without virus infection in rats.
Pregnant WKA rats were laparotomized on the 12th day of gestation, and all fetuses were removed from the uteri, leaving the fetal membranes attached to placentas in situ, protruding into the peritoneal cavity. After 5 to 6 months, extrauterine tumors were observed in 80% of the operated rats, and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were detected in 80% of the tumor-bearing rats. The tumors in AFP-positive rats always contained yolk-sac tumor elements. In transplantable tumor lines established in the ascites form, numerous free-floating embryoid bodies were observed. The experiments demonstrate that yolk-sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) can be induced by simple fetectomy without infection by exogenous tumor virus.
Animals↗
Childhood embryonal carcinoma of testis, report of two unusual cases, and the implication on clinical management.
Primary testicular neoplasms are not common childhood tumors, comprising about 1% of all childhood malignancies [1]. Embryonal carcinoma is the most common childhood testicular neoplasm. It has been described in a variety of histologic variants as embryonal carcinoma of infancy, orchioblastoma, yolk sac tumor, endodermal sinus tumor, Teilum tumor, and adenocarcinoma with clear cells. Because of the rarity of the tumor, there is no general concensus concerning the management. Recently we encountered two children with embryonal carcinoma of testis who had rather unusual clinical courses. We believe that a report of these cases may contribute to further design of the most suitable therapeutic regimen.
Castration↗
Mediastinal yolk sac tumor. The Indiana University experience, 1976 to 1988.
Mediastinal yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is an extremely rare extragonadal germ cell neoplasm that has been associated with a grave prognosis. Twenty-one male patients with mediastinal yolk sac tumor received treatment at Indiana University between 1976 and 1988. Fourteen were seen after initial diagnosis, and their disease was treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in association with complete surgical resection if possible. Five are currently alive and disease free (36%). Seven were referred for salvage chemotherapy after relapse of their disease. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, these patients all died; they had a median survival time of 6 months. Our experience suggests that an aggressive combined modality approach with cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by surgical resection of residual disease is the optimal management of this tumor. New regimens need to be explored for relapse of the disease after initial chemotherapy.
Adolescent↗
Eosinophilic globules in Kaposi's sarcoma. A histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study.
Of the 12 cases, 2 (17%) showed eosinophilic globules in the typical cutaneous type of Kaposi's sarcoma. The globules were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), periodic acid-Schiff reagent after diastase digestion, and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), but were not stained with Mayer's mucicarmine, and alcian blue. As the results, these globules might be glycoprotein. The shape of the globules was very similar to glycoprotein globules of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) in the tissue of the ovary and testis. In the yolk sac tumor, similar globules are stained with alpha-fetoprotein, beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin using immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoperoxidase investigations were done with antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein, beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and carcinoembryonic antigen in the eosinophilic globules of Kaposi's sarcoma, but these antigens were detected in the globules. The morphogenesis of the glycoprotein globules is not clear yet. A better understanding of the source of globules in Kaposi's sarcoma awaits further research.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
Absence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia in testicular yolk sac tumors in children. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study.
The majority of testicular germ cell tumors in adults are accompanied by neoplastic intratubular germ cells; these cells were uniformly absent in ten pure yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) of the testicle in children studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. These differences may reflect divergent pathogenetic mechanisms that in turn may explain the tendency for different histologic types of testicular germ cell tumors to occur at different ages and the discordant biologic behavior between germ cell tumors of similar morphologic type in children and adults.
Child, Preschool↗
Combination chemotherapy in the management of ovarian germ cell malignancies.
Twenty-four patients with ovarian germ cell malignancies received combination chemotherapy in the present series. Fifteen patients received intensive vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide therapy for 12 to 18 courses, and 13 are alive and free of disease 34 to 86 months later. One patient with a stage III pure endodermal sinus tumor and one patient with a stage III mixed germ cell tumor composed predominantly of endodermal sinus tumor elements failed vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide therapy, but each transiently responded to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy. Nine patients subsequently were treated on a new protocol that used the intensive vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide regimen for five to six courses for all stage I ovarian germ cell malignancies and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy for advanced stage tumors containing endodermal sinus tumor. Each patient on the new protocol is alive and free of disease 14 to 26 months later. Short-term intensive vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide therapy is recommended for all stage I ovarian germ cell malignancies requiring adjuvant chemotherapy. Preservation of ovarian and reproductive function is appropriate in the present group of patients. Vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide therapy is also recommended for biomarker negative advanced stage ovarian germ cell malignancies. Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy is recommended for advanced stage biomarker positive ovarian germ cell malignancies. Serial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) titers accurately reflect the status of endodermal sinus tumor elements and may be used as a guide to discontinue treatment for patients with pure endodermal sinus tumor malignancies, obviating the need for second-look surgery.
Adolescent↗