PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Action of mutagenic agents and antiviral inhibitors on foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Our current knowledge on foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) entry into error catastrophe is reviewed. FMDV can establish cytolytic and persistent infections in the field and in cell culture. Both types of FMDV infection in cell culture can be treated with mutagens, with or without classical (non-mutagenic) antiviral inhibitors, to drive the virus to extinction. 5-Fluorouracil (FU) and 5-azacytidine (AZC) have been employed as mutagenic agents to treat cytolytic FMDV infections, and ribavirin (Rib) to treat persistent infections. Extinction is dependent on the relative fitness of the viral isolate, as well as on the viral load. In cytolytic infections, extinctions could be efficiently obtained with combinations of mutagens and inhibitors. High-fitness FMDV extinction could only be achieved with treatments that contained a mutagen, and not with combinations of inhibitors that exerted the same antiviral effect. Persistent infections could be cured with Rib treatment alone. The results presented here show entry into error catastrophe as a valid strategy for treatment of viral infections, although much work remains to be done before it can be implemented.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequence from foot-and-mouth disease virus in Hong Kong.

A foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV, HKN/2002) was isolated in Hong Kong in 2002. The nucleotide sequence of the 3D(pol) gene encoding the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was determined and compared with that of the same gene from other FMDVs. The 3D(pol) gene was 1410 nucleotides in length encoding a protein of 470 amino acid residues. Sequence comparisons indicated that HKN/2002 belonged to serotype O. An evolutionary tree based on the 3D(pol) sequences of 20 FMDV isolates revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the HKN/2002 3D(pol) gene was most similar to those of isolates found in Taiwan in 1997, suggesting that they share a common ancestor. The amino acid sequence of the HKN/2002 3D(pol) gene was determined and aligned with those of representative isolates from seven other Picornaviridae genera. Eight highly conserved regions were detected, indicating a conserved functional relevance for these motifs. Alignment of 20 FMDV 3D(pol) amino acid sequences revealed a hypermutation region near the N-terminus that may help the virus evade host immune systems.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed1991

Protection conferred by TrpE fusion proteins containing portions of the C-terminal region of capsid protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Major immunogenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been mapped to the C-terminal third of capsid protein VP1; we studied the immunogenicity of a series of TrpE-FMDV fusion proteins containing this region of FMDV strain O1 Campos. Fusion protein TrpE-dCN, which contains a dimer of VP1 amino acid sequences consisting of amino acids 200 to 213 linked by a diproline spacer to amino acids 141 to 158 (200-213 approximately P-P-G approximately 141-158), induced the best response. A single inoculation of guinea-pigs with 100 micrograms TrpE-dCN elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protected all the animals against challenge infection with homologous virus. Although the closely related FMDV strains O1 Campos and O1 Caseros induced high levels of cross-protection, TrpE-dCN-vaccinated guinea-pigs were poorly protected against challenge infection with heterologous FMDV strain O1 Caseros. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that amino acid differences at residues 149 and 152 were critical for the induction of cross-protection and that neutralizing epitopes not present in TrpE-dCN are likely to be responsible for conferring a high level of cross-protection between FMDV strains O1 Campos and O1 Caseros.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Early events in integrin alphavbeta6-mediated cell entry of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

We have shown that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection mediated by the integrin alphavbeta6 takes place through clathrin-dependent endocytosis but not caveolae or other endocytic pathways that depend on lipid rafts. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by sucrose treatment or expression of a dominant-negative version of AP180 inhibited virus entry and infection. Similarly, inhibition of endosomal acidification inhibited an early step in infection. Blocking endosomal acidification did not interfere with surface expression of alphavbeta6, virus binding to the cells, uptake of the virus into endosomes, or cytoplasmic virus replication, suggesting that the low pH within endosomes is a prerequisite for delivery of viral RNA into the cytosol. Using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, FMDV colocalized with alphavbeta6 at the cell surface but not with the B subunit of cholera toxin, a marker for lipid rafts. At 37 degrees C, virus was rapidly taken up into the cells and colocalized with markers for early and recycling endosomes but not with a marker for lysosomes, suggesting that infection occurs from within the early or recycling endosomal compartments. This conclusion was supported by the observation that FMDV infection is not inhibited by nocodazole, a reagent that inhibits vesicular trafficking between early and late endosomes (and hence trafficking to lysosomes). The integrin alphavbeta6 was also seen to accumulate in early and recycling endosomes on virus entry, suggesting that the integrin serves not only as an attachment receptor but also to deliver the virus to the acidic endosomes. These findings are all consistent with FMDV infection proceeding via clathrin-dependent endocytosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Serological survey of foot and mouth disease in Saudi Arabia.

An immunodiffusion test using foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus infection-associated (VIA) antigen was used to detect precipitating antibodies in serum samples collected from non-vaccinated indigenous ruminants raised in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Of 5,985 sheep sera, 1,371 goat sera, 1,052 cattle sera and 694 serum samples from unspecified species of ruminants, precipitating activity was detected in 1,209 (20%), 127 (9%), 172 (16%) and 38 (5%) samples, respectively. In addition, 100 sera showing precipitating activity against VIA antigen originating from 13 different regions were tested for the presence of naturally-occurring neutralising antibodies against the four serotypes of FMD virus (O, A, Asia 1, and C) currently prevalent in the region and incorporated in the vaccine being used. All sera tested gave varying titres against serotypes O, A and/or Asia 1. However, none of the sera showed neutralising activities against serotype C. The results obtained are interpreted with regard to the geographical distribution and epizootiology of FMD in Saudi Arabia.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its use as an epidemiological indicator of foot-and-mouth disease viral activity.

Frequency distribution of reactivity levels of foot-and-mouth disease infection-specific antibodies in livestock populations was analysed. Specific antibody responses against non-capsid polyprotein 3ABC were assessed through a highly sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay (I-ELISA 3ABC). A graphic display of data was designed based on three negative and three positive categories to illustrate reactivity patterns. The resulting patterns were correlated to the epidemiological status. On this basis, results of over 100,000 sera derived from cattle populations in regions with various well-documented epidemiological situations were compiled and are exemplified in this paper.Distinct distributions of antibody reactivity patterns reflecting the various epidemiological situations were attained. Whereas non-affected areas presented a rather homogenous negative pattern with very limited test-positive reactions, affected regions revealed quite heterogeneous profiles, including positive and negative categories, with distributions that varied according to the region. The use of graphic prints encompassing I-ELISA 3ABC antibody profile responses constituted an adequate epidemiological indicator of the risk of foot-and-mouth disease viral activity, providing immediate visualization for a rapid inference of the epidemiological situation of a region. Moreover, such profiles allowed for convenient follow-up of infection after a focus as a function of time and geographical spread.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Strategy for the control of foot-and-mouth disease in Southeast Asia (SEAFMD).

The OIE Southeast Asia Foot-and-Mouth Disease Campaign (SEAFMD) involves the coordinated control of foot-and-mouth disease by eight of the ASEAN countries. A long term vision for SEAFMD has been developed and the core element is a progressive zoning approach to the control and eradication of FMD in the region. This paper describes the current status of FMD in Southeast Asia and progress towards achievement of OIE free zone status for FMD in parts of the Philippines and Malaysia and the initiation of the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) Peninsular Campaign for FMD Freedom. In mainland Southeast Asia, the progressive zoning approach involves several sub-regional groups working in parallel to oversee the epidemiological and economic studies required to determine the feasibility of the approach. Areas involved include the Lower Mekong Basin, Upper Mekong Basin, parts of Myanmar and the Red River Delta of Vietnam. The paper describes the current usage of vaccines for FMD in Southeast Asia and provides recommendations for their supply and use in the new regional initiatives.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Symposium: international challenges and perspectives: internationalism and survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and food products.

Foot-and-mouth disease is a serious world-wide economic disease of livestock and diverse animal species. The closing of borders to infected countries is a frequent aftermath of disease outbreaks. Historically, animals and animal products have been implicated as vehicles for transmission of the disease. Control programs encompass stringent importation policies, vaccination, quarantine, and slaughter. Joint efforts have been instituted successfully in previous control campaigns and would be the logical approach to large-scale eradication schemas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Riems foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccines for swine. 2. Use of foot-and-mouth 2-component oil emulsion vaccines in practice].

Riems FMD two-component oil emulsion vaccine was subcutaneously applied (5 ml) under field conditions to 855 store pigs of different age groups (trivalent--O1, A5, C). It produced early onset of lasting strong immunity against the three above FMD virus types. General condition of the animals and their body weight development were not adversely affected. Pea-size to walnut-size vaccination granulomas were recorded on slaughter as locally delimited reactions in 15 to 20 percent of vaccinated animals and were found to be morphologically correlated to adjuvant action. They were easily removed from the carcasses by excision of the vaccination point, with only minor loss of slaughter substance.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Sensitivity of seven different types of cell cultures to three serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

The ability of bovine tongue origin foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O and C to replicate in seven different types of cell cultures was studied. Primary and secondary calf thyroid cells were equivalent in susceptibility to bovine kidney cell cultures passaged up to five times. Calf thyroid cells lost their susceptibility after two passages. Cryopreserved bovine kidney cell cultures passaged three and four times were equivalent in susceptibility to sensitive calf thyroid and bovine kidney cells. Susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype C was most variable among the cells tested. Lamb testicle and porcine kidney cells were susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus while goat and calf testicle and calf lung cells were refractory.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Modeled detection time for surveillance for foot-and-mouth disease virus in bulk tank milk.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate when foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) would first be detected in bulk tank milk of dairies after exposure to FMDV. SAMPLE POPULATION: Hypothetical dairy herds milking 100, 500, or 1,000 cows. PROCEDURES: For each day after herd exposure to FMDV, infection, milk yield, and virolactia were simulated for individual cows with low and high rates of intraherd transmission to estimate when a PCR assay would detect virus in bulk tank milk. Detection limits were based on assumptions for the number of virus genomes per milliliter of milk and for analytical sensitivity of a PCR assay. RESULTS: A mean of 10% of the cows was predicted to have FMD lesions from 7 to 8 days and from 13.5 to 15 days after herd exposure for herds with high and low intraherd transmission rates, respectively. Herd bulk milk volume decreased by 10% by 8.5 to 9.5 days and by 15 to 16.5 days after herd exposure for herds with high and low transmission rates, respectively. Mean times by which FMDV would be first detected in bulk milk were 2.5 days and 6.5 to 8 days after herd exposure, which were extended for 10 to 11 days and 17 to 18 days for herds with high and low transmission rates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PCR screening of bulk milk for FMDV would likely detect FMDV in dairy herds several days sooner than might be expected for owner reporting of clinical signs and thus should be worthy of consideration for regional, national, or global FMD surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1951-1952.

The epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in Saskatchewan in 1951 and 1952 was studied in order to determine origins of outbreaks and methods of spread. The epidemic was initially considered to be vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease was not recognized until February 1952, three months after the initial infection. The reports prepared at that time were reviewed in order to obtain details of the numbers of animals infected and the source and date of infection for the outbreaks. Methods of spread were rated according to their likelihood. The introduction of infection by an immigrant through his clothes as well as by sausage was possible. The sequence of events from the first outbreak to the spread from a feedlot/packing plant and from a dairy farm, which failed to report the disease, were clarified. Methods of spread included movement of animals, animal products and people and the airborne route. Milk delivery and artificial insemination did not result in spread of infection. The quarantine of affected farms reduced spread by animals and deterred visits by people. The original diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis was due to misinterpretation of a lesion in an inoculated horse. Laboratory tests established the presence of foot-and-mouth disease. The limited extent of the epidemic, despite the delay in diagnosis, is attributed to (i) the low density of cattle, (ii) few infected pigs and hence less airborne virus and (iii) absence of waste food feeding and milk collection in addition to the limited quarantine imposed.

Animals↗