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PubMed1988

[Cyclic changes in sex steroids, prostaglandins and oxytocin receptors of normal fallopian tube throughout the menstrual cycle].

It is considered that the physiology of the human fallopian tube may be dependent on endocrine factors, especially their changes during the menstrual cycle in the fractionated fallopian tissues. In the present study, the dynamics of sex steroids (estradiol, E and progesterone, P), prostaglandins (PGs) and oxytocin (OT) binding to each receptor (R) in the ampullary and isthmic regions were analyzed simultaneously throughout the menstrual cycle. The number of binding sites (NBS) for nuclear ER (ERN) levels was always greater in the ampulla than in the isthmus, while that for nuclear PR (PRN) was almost the same. The NBS of both E-, and PRN reached the highest levels during the late proliferative to ovulatory phase. The NBS of both PGE2-, and PGF2 alpha-R in the isthmus was greater than that in the ampulla and highest during the secretory phase. Conversely, the tissue concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the ampulla changed to that in the isthmus around the ovulatory phase. The OT-R showed the highest levels during the secretory phase in the isthmus, but showed little change in the ampulla throughout the menstrual cycle. It increased markedly in the isthmus but decreased in the ampulla. The present data suggest that the receptor concentrations in the human fallopian tube fluctuate in correlation with its physiological and histological status. It may, therefore, be concluded that the hormone-receptor interaction in this anatomical unit is closely involved in the reproductive functions of the human fallopian tube.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2005

Utility and diagnostic accuracy of fallopian tube touch imprint cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of cytology smears in distinguishing between tube and non-tube structures. METHODS: One hundred cytology smears of fallopian tube and non-tube structures (vessels, round and ovarian ligaments) were prepared from surgically removed uterus and fallopian tube specimens and stained by the Papanicolaou method. The slides were reviewed blindly by pathologists and interpreted as tube or non-tube structures. The results were compared to the histological examination of the same specimens. FINDINGS: Results indicated an overall accuracy of 97% with a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 96% for cytology smears, taking histology as the gold standard. Positive and negative predictive values were 96.1% and 97.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cytology smears are a convenient and cost effective tool for laboratory confirmation of tubal sterilization. This method can reduce the costs of laboratory examination, especially in developing countries, where tubal sterilizations are done in large cohorts. However, histological slides remain the gold standard in cases of medicolegal problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid and presence of immunoreactive proteins for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and EGF/TGF alpha receptors and 125I-EGF binding sites in human fallopian tube.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the Fallopian tubes express epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF alpha), and EGF receptor (EGF-R) mRNA. The RT-PCR product was verified by restriction enzyme digestion analysis. Immunohistochemically, EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R were localized in Fallopian tubes by use of specific antibodies to human EGF, mature fragments of human TGF alpha, and monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular binding domain of EGF-R. The tubal epithelial cells were the primary site of immunoreactive EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R, which were present to a lesser extent in the stromal cells, smooth muscle cell layers, fibroblasts of serosal tissue, and arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Using antibodies generated against the amino and carboxy termini of TGF alpha precursor produced a similar cellular distribution to that observed for mature TGF alpha. The intensity of immunoreactive TGF alpha with these antibodies was similar to that seen with EGF. The ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells in the ampullary and isthmus regions immunostained with similar intensity for EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R. The immunostaining for EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R was cycle-dependent, was considerably higher during late proliferative and early-to-mid-secretory phases than during early proliferative and late secretory phases of the menstrual cycle, and was reduced during the postmenopausal period. Specimens obtained 5-12 yr after tubal ligation immunostained for EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R similarly to sections from unligated tubes taken during the same phase of the cycle. Quantitative autoradiography of 125I-EGF binding generated a pattern similar to that of immunostaining for EGF-R binding. Net grain density/100 microns 2 calculated for different cell types indicated that the epithelial cells had a significantly higher grain density than did other tubal cell types (p < 0.05) without the cycle dependency seen in the immunohistochemical study. In summary, the results demonstrate that the human Fallopian tube expresses mRNA and contains immunoreactive proteins for EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF-R as well as binding sites for 125I-EGF. The cycle dependency and lower immunostaining in postmenopausal tubes suggest a potential regulation of their expression by ovarian steroids. The results imply the importance of EGF/TGF alpha in a variety of tubal biochemical and physiological functions and possibly early embryonic development.

Autoradiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary tumors of the fallopian tubes: retrospective analysis of results in 7 patients].

Primary malignant tumours of the Fallopian tube are among the rarest of gynaecological malignancies. Seven patients with primary malignant tumour of the Fallopian tube, treated between 1991 and 1996, were studied. The average age was 60 years, with nulliparity rate of 29 percent and a mean parity of 2.2. The most common symptoms were atypical vaginal bleeding (29 percent), abdominal pain and distention (29 percent), whereas 43 percent of patients had no symptoms. No patient had a correct preoperative diagnosis. Primary surgical treatment was in all patients hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorotomy with or without omentectomy. Staging was done according to the FIGO classification for Fallopian tube carcinomas. In Stage I 29 percent of patients were classified, 43 percent in Stage II and 29 percent in Stage III. Six patients (86 percent) had adenocarcinoma (1 in G1, 2 in G2, 3 in G3) and 1 had MMMT (malignant mixed tumour-heterology type). All patients received additional postoperative therapy including: chemotherapy (58 percent), radiotherapy (14 percent), hormonotherapy (14 percent) or combination of chemotherapy and hormone therapy (14 percent). Our results are comparable to those of other authors. The time is too short to predict a 5-year survival, but this will be reported in our next paper.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Resection of recurrent ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma involving the liver.

OBJECTIVES: Patients who develop recurrent ovarian of fallopian tube carcinoma involving the liver often have disease refractory to chemotherapy and carry a poor prognosis. The impact of aggressive resection in this patient population is unclear. METHODS: From 1/1988 to 9/2001, 24 patients with recurrent ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma who underwent complete gross resection or optimal debulking of their hepatic metastases and disease at other sites were identified from prospective databases at a single institution. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 53 years old, and the median interval between primary diagnosis and liver resection was 69 months. All patients had primary resection or cytoreduction and chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. Subsequent hepatic resections included trisegmentectomy (2), lobectomy (2), segmentectomy (17), and wedge resection (3). Additional resection of disease outside the liver was performed in 18 patients (75%). Twenty-one patients (88%) had removal of all gross disease, and three patients (13%) had optimal tumor debulking to less than 1 cm. Eighteen patients recurred with sites of initial recurrence, including the abdomen and pelvis (14), spine/paraspinal region (2), lung (1), and liver (1). Overall median survival was 62 months after hepatic resection with a range of 6 to 94 months. Fourteen patients were alive at the time of last follow-up, and 10 had no evidence of disease. No significant prognostic factors for overall survival could be identified on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In highly selected patients with recurrent ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma involving the liver, hepatic resection along with resection of other gross disease may lengthen survival and should be considered as a treatment option.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Histomorphological and histochemical study of mucosa of fallopian tube of ageing goat.

The mucosa of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus of fallopian tubes from 24 female goats aged from 2 months 24 days to 5 years 2 months and 18 days have been studied. The transition of mucosal folds, the lining epithelium and its cell types from Infundibulum towards uterine end, and changes in relation to the age and phases of estrous cycle have been reported. The most striking findings were: a) in goat the fallopian tube like that of sheep was lined chiefly by nonciliated type of cells in infundibulum, whereas the ciliated cells increased caudally, almost all being nonsecretory type in the isthmus; b) the presence of smooth muscle cells as identified with Gomori's one step trichrome stain was observed in the goat fallopian tube in case of mucosal folds specifically at the sites of branchings which anastomose with the adjacent ones; c) the PAS positive secretory material was found to be associated with glycogen acid mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins as demonstrated by Best's carmine, Alcian blue-PAS and Bismark brown reactions, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

An extra-uterine pregnancy in an ectopic fallopian tube.

A case report of an ectopic pregnancy in a non-communicating, undescended fallopian tube. A rare embryological development-failure is described, consisting of a right hemiuterus, a remotely located noncommunicating left fallopian tube and undescended left ovary associated with agenesis of the left kidney. A noncommunicating fallopian tube should be removed when recognized to prevent ectopic pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metaplastic papillary tumor of the fallopian tube--a distinctive lesion of pregnancy.

The clinical and pathologic features of four examples of a distinctive intraluminal papillary epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube are described. All four cases occurred in fallopian tubes removed in the immediate postpartum period. The nature of this lesion and its relationship to previously described epithelial lesions of the fallopian tube are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human fallopian tube organ cultures.

The pathogenic events that precede Chlamydia trachomatis salpingitis in the human fallopian tube have not been fully described. We used a model of human fallopian tubes in organ culture (HFTOC) infected with strain E/UW-5/CX of C. trachomatis to study these events. The model supported sustained C. trachomatis infection as demonstrated by recovery of viable C. trachomatis from medium and tissue over 5-7 d. However, the level of infectivity was low. Maximal infection occurred at 72 h after initial inoculation. In contrast to gonococcal infection of the HFTOC, C. trachomatis did not damage overall ciliary function of HFTOC. However, a local direct cytotoxic effect characterized by loss of microvilli and disruption of cell junctions was noted when multiple chlamydial elementary bodies attached to mucosal cells. Beginning at 24 h, and continuing throughout the course of C. trachomatis infection of HFTOC, ruptured epithelial cells releasing elementary bodies were noted. Chlamydial inclusions were seen in the mucosa by 72 h in approximately 6% of both ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells. Mucosal inclusions contained all forms of the C. trachomatis developmental cycle. These data suggest that factors present in the human fallopian tube may limit susceptibility to chlamydial infection but support the use of the HFTOC model in the study of the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis salpingitis.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2002

The expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the fallopian tube: SLPI protects the acrosome reaction of sperm from inhibitory effects of elastase.

BACKGROUND: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a protein found in various fluids, including parotid secretions, cervical mucus, seminal plasma and ascites, and is a potent inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase activity. The objective of the study was 2-fold, to evaluate (i) the presence of SLPI in the Fallopian tube, and (ii) the effect of SLPI on the acrosome reaction of sperm. METHODS AND RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that SLPI protein was detected as a 12 kDa band in the isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum of the Fallopian tube. Immunohistochemistry using an anti-SLPI polyclonal antibody revealed positive staining of epithelial cells in the Fallopian tube. RT-PCR demonstrated that SLPI transcripts were expressed in the Fallopian tube. To determine the function of SLPI in the Fallopian tube, the effects of SLPI and elastase on the sperm acrosome reaction were examined. SLPI prevented the reduction of the acrosome reaction by elastase in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that SLPI in the Fallopian tube contributes to sperm-oocyte interaction.

Acrosome Reaction↗
PubMed1997

Placental protein 14 production by human Fallopian tube epithelial cells in vitro.

We studied the in-vitro secretory function of non-polarized and polarized cultured Fallopian tube epithelial cells by measurement of the placental protein 14 (PP14) secretion in primary cultures and subcultures from Fallopian tubes obtained from eight premenopausal women in different phases of the ovarian cycle. Primary cultures were established in minimal essential medium in Earle's salts supplemented with fetal bovine serum and the cells were subcultured for six passages, in the polarized cell cultures, the cells being seeded on an extracellular matrix system. Cell freezing was carried out using 10% dimethyl sulphoxide. PP14 secretion into the culture media was measured by a radioimmunoassay using 125I-PP14 as label and rabbit anti-human PP14 serum. There was a large amount of PP14 secretion into the culture media in primary cultures, the secretion decreasing considerably after subculture 1. PP14 secretion after subculture 2 was not different from the control values. Polarized and non-polarized cells secreted similar amounts of PP14 and frozen-thawed cells did not appear to secrete PP14. Epithelial cells from Fallopian tubes obtained at different phases of the ovarian cycle did not appear to show any difference in PP14 secretion rates. Our data suggest that the in-vitro secretion of PP14 by human Fallopian tube epithelial cells is adversely affected by cell ageing and freezing.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dilated fallopian tubes: MR imaging characteristics.

PURPOSE: To determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of hydrosalpinx and the accuracy of MR imaging for distinguishing hydrosalpinx from other adnexal masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-referencing of pathologic records and MR studies from two institutions disclosed 41 study patients with surgically proved dilated fallopian tubes. A set of 38 patients with surgically evaluated adnexal masses, but no hydrosalpinx, were randomly chosen as control subjects. All MR examinations included T1-weighted spin-echo and T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging in multiple planes with a phased-array multicoil. Two blinded readers scored each adnexa for the presence of a dilated fallopian tube or thickened tubal wall and mucosal folds and the signal intensity of the intratubal fluid. Blinded readings were compared with surgical findings of dilated fallopian tube, endometriosis, and salpingitis. Radiologic-pathologic correlation was performed with adnexal specimens imaged in vitro in three study patients. RESULTS: On a per patient basis, the blinded readers correctly identified dilated fallopian tubes in 31 of 41 study patients and correctly excluded dilated tubes in a mean 34 of 38 control subjects. On T1-weighted images, hyperintense tubal fluid was significantly correlated with the presence of endometriosis in the pelvis at surgery (P < .002, chi 2). CONCLUSION: MR imaging can depict most dilated fallopian tubes and differentiate them from other adnexal masses on the basis of morphologic features. On T1-weighted images, high signal intensity is correlated with the presence of endometriosis affecting the tube.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prolapsed fallopian tube masquerading as adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a postmenopausal woman.

A postmenopausal patient with vaginal prolapse of the fallopian tube presented with an erroneous diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the vaginal apex. Failure to consider fallopian tube prolapse in the differential diagnosis of vaginal adenocarcinoma led to an upper vaginectomy and subsequent complication of a ureterovaginal fistula. The differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the vagina in the postmenopausal patient and the management of vaginal prolapse of the fallopian tube are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Benign teratoma of the fallopian tube: a case report.

A benign teratoma of the fallopian tube in a 33-year-old woman with primary subfertility is reported. This is the first case reported in Singapore. The features of benign teratoma of the fallopian tube is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Isolated recurrent torsion of the Fallopian tube: case report.

We report a rare clinical case of recurrent isolated torsion of the Fallopian tube. An 18 year old woman presented with acute right lower quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. Torsion of the Fallopian tube was detected by laparoscopy and detorsion was performed. Two years later, a second similar episode of pelvic pain recurred. Having in mind the first episode, diagnosis was facilitated and detorsion was performed in accordance with the patient's wishes. However, the dilemma of ideal management of recurrent cases of torsion of the same tube remains open for discussion. The possibility of torsion of the Fallopian tube and recurrent torsion of the tube, although rare, should be considered in any patient with acute onset of lower abdominal pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Occult cancer of the fallopian tube in BRCA-1 germline mutation carriers at prophylactic oophorectomy: a case for recommending hysterectomy at surgical prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE: BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 germline mutations increase the risk of ovarian and breast cancer. Primary cancer of the fallopian tube is rare; however, recent evidence suggests that patients harboring a germline mutation conferring an increased risk of ovarian cancer may be at risk for fallopian tube cancer as well. We discuss the finding of occult fallopian tube cancer diagnosed at surgical prophylaxis in women harboring BRCA-1 mutations. METHODS/RESULTS: Two patients undergoing surgical prophylaxis to address an increase in ovarian cancer risk were discovered to harbor occult primary fallopian tube carcinoma on final pathology review. Mutational analysis confirmed the presence of a deleterious mutation in BRCA-1 in both patients. CONCLUSION: Currently, consensus opinions regarding ovarian cancer surgical prophylaxis in gene mutation carriers do not include hysterectomy as part of the preventative procedure. This report as well as a growing number of cases of fallopian tube cancer reported in known BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutation carriers has important implications for recommendations regarding surgical prophylaxis in these women.

BRCA2 Protein↗
PubMed1989

Posthysterectomy carcinoma of the fallopian tube presenting as vaginal adenocarcinoma: a case report.

The clinical and pathological features of a case of adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube with a unique presentation are described. The 68-year-old patient presented with vaginal bleeding 25 years after a vaginal hysterectomy. Pelvic examination revealed a 0.5-cm nodule of tumor involving the mucosa of the vaginal apex. At laparoscopy, the left fallopian tube was dilated and adherent to the vaginal vault. Pathological examination of the upper vaginectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy specimen revealed a primary papillary adenocarcinoma of the left fallopian tube that had invaded directly into the mucosa of the vaginal apex. Vaginal involvement, either at the time of presentation or subsequently in the course of the disease, is very rare in patients with carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗