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Results for “GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME”

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PubMed1989

[Function of the respiratory system in miners with chronic regional hypobaric hypoxia and hypothermia].

The role of meteotropic factors (low atmospheric pressure and cold climate) in the development of functional disorders of respiratory system was studied for miners of the North-East region of the USSR. Regularities in forming external respiration dysfunctions during adaptation of migrating population and development of dust pathology are demonstrated. It was found that general adaptation syndrome in miners exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia and hypothermia is characterized by development of hyperventilation syndrome, leading to increase in dust load and moderate mobilization of respiratory tissue. Early failure of compensatory processes and forming of marked hyperventilation syndromes, an increase in pulmonary elastic draught and mobilization of respiratory tissue are observed in dust pathology in the analyzed conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Effect of prolonged restraint on glycogen content and activities of four enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats.

Triphasic changes in glycogen content and activities of four enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in the liver of male Wistar rats exposed to 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 70 and 90-day movement restrain in pencil cases. It was assumed that these three phases corresponded to the alarm, resistance and exhaustion stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. In hypokinetic rats, however, a transition of the alarm reaction to the resistance stage was registered later, and hepatic glycogen accumulation was reduced in comparison with the standard pattern observed in chronic stress.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hormonal indices of the normal dolphin Turpsiops truncatus and in the dynamics of experimental stress].

Radioimmune assay has been made of the content of cortisol, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the blood serum of the dolphin under normal conditions and during 3- ad 6-hour stress. Normal levels of these hormones were found to be equal to 90.34 +/- 6.86 nmol/l, for cortisol, 64.1 +/- 11.1 pmol/l for insulin, 1.27 +/- 0.04 nmol/l for T3 and 138.3 +/- 8.9 nmol/l for T4. Seasonal changes in cortisol level were observed, hormonal concentration being significantly higher during winter and spring as compared to that during summer and autumn. On the whole, the dynamics of hormonal shifts during stress reaction in the dolphin is similar to that in the terrestrial animals reflecting the development of general adaptive syndrome.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of hypokinesia on the osteogenetic and hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow in mice. The ectopic bone model].

Using heterotrophic transplantation of syngenic bone marrow under the renal capsule, the effect of hypokinesia on osteogenic and hemopoietic cells-precursors as well as on de novo formed bone marrow was investigated. Altogether 16 experiments were performed, employing 260 recipients and 200 donors in two modifications: 1) bone marrow from animals exposed to hypokinesia for 3 days or 3 weeks (stage I or II of the general adaptation syndrome) was implanted to intact mice; 2) recipients who 5 to 7 day before exposure were implanted with bone marrow from intact donors were hypokinetic for 3 weeks. It was found that determined bone marrow precursors of osteogenic tissue as well as cells transferring hemopoietic microenvironment remained insensitive to hypokinesia. Three-week hypokinesia produced noticeable inhibition of osteogenesis and hemopoiesis. It is concluded that the stress-reaction plays the leading role in the changes that develop in hypokinetic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Lipoprotein lipase activity in the tissues of roosters fed hyperlipemic diet with or without L-ascorbic acid in 2 phases of the circadian rhythm].

The activity of lipoproteide lipase in tissues of sexually immature cocks fed hiperlipaemic diet (cholesterol + animal fat) and an identical diet with the addition of 1-ascorbic acid was determined in two phases of a day rhythm. After 21 days of the experiment it was found statistically significant increase the activity of the examined enzyme in the group of animals fed cholesterol and animal fat an average by 37.8% in lungs, 76.7% in fatty tissue and by 19.0% in kidneys in comparison to controls (a standard diet). In group of cocked fed hiperlipaemic diet with 1-ascorbic acid the activity of lipoproteide lipase was also higher in comparison to controls, but it was lower than in cocks deprived of this compound by 14.7% in lungs, 41.4% in fatty tissue and by 7.9% in kidneys. These differences were statistically significant. Statistically significant appeared also to be the increased activity of this enzyme in groups sacrified at 4 am in comparison to those sacrified at 4 pm an average by 65.8% in controls, by 64.4% in group fed hiperlipaemic diet and by 69.9% in group fed diet with 1-ascorbic acid. In fatty tissue these values were higher by 53.9%, 177.5% and 138.9% and in kidneys by 50.7%, 22.8% and 40.4% respectively. It was also found significant increase of the activity of this enzyme in fatty tissue in the two experimental groups in comparison to controls by 114.4% and 71.9%, respectively. The observed changes may be explained acc. to the rules of a general adaptative syndrome of Seyle or as adaptative mechanisms acting on molecular level.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current state of space biorhythm study].

The paper presents a review of the literature covering a new branch of science--space biorhythmology--that evolved in the 1960s. The paper surveys briefly publications on general biorhythmology that formed the basis for the new branch of science. The paper discusses specifically the investigations that formulated the basic concepts of space biorhythmology in theory and practice. It describes the problem of desynchronosis as one of the most important problems and outlines its involvement in the general adaptation syndrome as a necessary component. The paper gives a scheme of measures developed in the USSR with the purpose of preventing desynchronosis and stresses the advantages of further study of space biorhythmology.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

[Pancreatic enzyme spectrum in chronic stress].

In acute experiments on white male rats the enzyme spectrum of pancreas homogenate was studied in the process of 30-day adaptation after 3-hour exposure to the muscular loading (compulsory swimming in the water at a temperature of 32 +/- 1 degree C), the heat (overheating at 40-41 degrees C) and the cold (cooling at -3-4 degrees C). It was shown that the initial periods of adaptation to the factors mentioned (2d-12th day) were characterized by a considerable decrease in the activity of all the enzymes under study. With subsequent adaptation of the animal body to these stresses the enzyme activity level recovered to the initial value (18-24th day) and remained more or less stable up to the end of the experiment (30th day). It is suggested that the alteration of the pancreatic enzyme spectrum proceeds with the participation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal systems as a general adaptation syndrome.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in neurosurgical patients].

Analysis of 445 fatal cases among which 21 were marked by profuse gastroduodenal hemorrhage showed that this complication develops in ulceration of the mucous-membrane in the upper parts of the digestive tract and occurs most frequently in affection of the hypothalamic region and brain stem. Gastrointestinal hemorrhages are caused to a certain measure by medication with massive doses of corticosteroids in the stage of tension of the general adaptation syndrome, hypoxia of the mucous membrane, azotemia, and other disorders of homeostasis. Gastrointestinal hemorrhages greatly aggravate the condition of neurosurgical patients, they are diagnosed with difficulty, and their prevention calls for a complex approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in the structure of the lymphoid organs of rats during prolonged hypokinesia].

The thymus and the spleen in the male rats sacrificed on the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 165th days of hypokinesia, as well as 2 and 3 months after its termination have been studied by means of certain histological methods. The organs in question are subjected to involution that depends on development of a stress reaction. The most acute changes develop during the first month of hypokinesia, that coincides with the alarm stage of the stress-reaction. Subsequently, the rats gradually adapt to the new conditions of their existence, that corresponds to the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome. Stabilization of the mass and structure of the spleen, as well as a deceleration rate of the thymus involution are specific for the resistance stage. A reduced mass of the thymus under hypokinesia depends on a decreasing amount of the lymphoid tissue, and a reduced mass of the spleen depends on disappearing the elements of the erythropoietic raw and on a decreasing number of lymphocytes. No normalization of the structure and function in the lymphoid organs is observed at the resistance stage of the hypokinesia stress. After hypokinesia is stopped, the cellular composition and mass of the spleen normalize and the erythropoietic function of the spleen is the first to of the spleen normalize and the erythropoietic function of the spleen is the first to restore. The mass and structure of the thymus do not normalize during the readaptation period after hypokinesia. This can produce premature immunological aging of the organism.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the functional state and ultrastructure of the cells of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex under prolonged immobilization stress].

Experiments were conducted on male rats aged from 45 to 50 days; during the development of the general adaptation syndrome distinct functional and ultrastructural shifts originated in the adrenal cortex glomerular zone at the early and end stages of the reaction pointing to the intensification of biosynthesis and of aldosterone secretion. At the early periods (immobilization for 30 min) increased adrenocorticosteroid activity was conditioned by factors influencing the early stages of steroidogenesis, chiefly by corticotropine. Aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion stimulation after 72 hours of immobilization was connected with the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and, possibly, with factors influencing the end stages of steroidogenesis.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1980

Changes in lipolysis in rat adipose tissue during continuous irradiation.

Changes in lipolysis was monitored by measuring the release of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol under basal conditions and after stimulation with L-noradrenaline in rat adipose tissue in the course of continuous irradiation with daily gamma exposure doses of 0.57 Gy (60R) for 50 days. As compared with the control animals, lipolysis in the irradiated rats was lower on days 3-14, and higher on day 21-25-32 and at the end of the screening period (day 50) of continuous irradiation. The changes in lipolysis in the course of irradiation reflected individual stages of the general adaptation syndrome (Selye 1950). Many changes were modified by the effect of non-specific factors due to the experimental field and the starvation prior to the analysis. Changes in lipolysis were connected with changes in the mobilization of fatty acids and the concentrations of NEFA in white adipose tissue with changes in serum lipids predominantly in the period of 21-25 days of continuous irradiation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes 6 years after the Chernobyl accident].

The examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons exposed to low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident demonstrated that the exposure to radiation at the time of the accident and further living in the contaminated territory entail a significant increase in the number of cells with a large thick nucleus and scare cytoplasm. Such morphological picture may be attributed to stable adaptation typical for persistent activation of the general adaptation syndrome and is explained by adaptation-stress relations.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Aneurysms of the cerebral vessels and pneumococcal infection].

Two cases of cerebral aneurysm rupture with repeat subarachnoidal haemorrhage are reported in patients with pneumococcal infection confirmed bacteriologically. It is concluded that in pathogenesis of the aneurysmal rupture in pneumococcal infection a significant role is played not only by pneumococcal tropism to the meninges, but also by affection of the endothelium and cerebral vascular membranes, hemostasis defects, arterial hypertension as manifestations of a general adaptation syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Skin and stress].

The concept of stress was developed based on data from experimental pathology and psychology studies. Selye defined stress and described the physiologic changes induced by stress, under the designation "general adaptation syndrome". The interactive aspect of stress has since then been emphasized. Stress results from a unique interaction between a thinking individual and a physical or social environment. The presence in humans of a mental apparatus capable of thinking, reminiscing, and fantasizing accounts for the specific features of stress as a clinical condition. It follows that psychosomatic dermatology cannot be satisfied with defining and documenting stress, with establishing a link between stress and a disorder of the skin (an organ that plays a unique role in communication), and with evaluating the biological mechanism underlying the skin lesions. Another essential goal is to understand why an individual patient, with his or her unique history, develops a skin disorder as a manifestation of an inability to cope with adversity. Two psychologic factors should be taken into account in dermatology, namely stress and the personality of the person subjected to the stress. What makes a life event stressful is often the personality of the subject experiencing the event.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Levels of immunoreactive insulin in laser irradiated rats].

The authors described the results from a study on immonoreactive insuline in rats after their irradiation in the region of the pancreas with rubine laser with beam energy of 0, 13 Joul/impulse. The irradiation was made singly with 7--10 impulses. The level of immunoreactive insulin was raised to 33,83 microliter I/ml in nonirradiated rats and to 48 microliter/ml per 24 hours after irradiation and reached its maximum of 54 microliter/ml after 48 hours of its irradiation, but then returned to its normal values after 72 hours. The same elevation of insulin was found also in rats, irradiated in the region of liver, kidney and heart. The discovered histomorphologic findings in the tissues after irradiation revealed activation of mesenchyme, interpreted as a reaction of dystrophic changes, caused by laser beams. The elevation of insuline was connected with changes in hypophysial-adrenal system, presenting the type of the general adaptation syndrome, and, on the second place, site of the realesed mediators (sympathycomymetics) in this stress reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Combined effect of hypokinesia of various duration and gamma-radiation on central nervous system activity in rats].

There studied the effects of a combined effect of hypokinesia (HK) of various duration (7 and 30 days, corresponding to the stages of anxiety and resistance of general adaptation syndrome) and gamma-radiation dose of 3 Gy on the formation of differentiated motor-drinking conditioned reflex (CR) in the rats. It is demonstrated that the applied exposures lead to the various disorders of the higher nervous activity of the test animals: after 7-day hypokinesia in the behaviour there prevail the fear and emotional-vegetative components whereas following 30-day hypokinetic exposure there occurs some stimulation of the orientation-exploratory behaviour with concurrent enhancement of the inertness of nervous processes and the tendency to formation of stringent behavioural stereotypes slowing-down the conditioned reflex formation. A modifying effect of radiation counts only after 30-day hypokinesia and consists in the development of extra-limited inhibition (reaction of acquired helplessness) in the part of animals.

Animals↗