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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Design and interpretation of rat liver UDS assays.

The study design and interpretation criteria for the rat liver UDS assay have evolved over recent years. A database from a single laboratory is presented to demonstrate the range of responses encountered whilst screening 71 industrial and agrochemical compounds for potential genotoxicity, a total of 280 experiments. With a large data set it was possible to delineate clearly the normal responses of the system and apply robust criteria for the evaluation of potentially positive compounds. The rat liver UDS assay proved to be a reproducible, reliable and sensitive technique for the evaluation of genotoxicity in vivo. Experiments with negative control values of (N-C) greater than zero would have been rejected, however the highest negative control value observed was (N-C) = -1.1. Evaluation of data using the current United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) recommended procedures resolved 96% of studies by simple inspection. In the remainder of studies data were clarified by additional experiments under modified conditions. It is unlikely that outcomes would have been improved upon by direct statistical analysis which would require an expanded experimental design. These data confirm the utility of the pragmatic approach of the current UKEMS guidelines.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A practical guide to topical therapy in children.

The parents of children with skin disease are often unsure how much topical therapy, particularly of corticosteroids, they should apply. The aims of this study were to devise simple guidelines on topical therapy for children, parents, doctors and nurses, and to check the accuracy of these guidelines in practice. The guidelines are based upon four principles: the adult fingertip unit (FTU); the 'rule of 9s'; standard height and weight charts for children; and standard nomograms for calculating body surface area. Twenty-four children (11 boys and 13 girls) aged 6 months to 9 years 4 months with atopic eczema were recruited and the number of FTUs required to treat different anatomical areas calculated in accordance with the proposed guidelines. Ointment was applied and the number of FTUs needed for each area was recorded. The amount used was then compared with that predicted. No child required a greater number of FTUs than that predicted, and the number of FTUs predicted for each anatomical region was accurate to within 1 FTU. The guidelines provide a useful indication of how much topical therapy is required for children, and advice sheets have been prepared for children of different ages.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Lung cancer practice guidelines: lessons learned and issues addressed by the Ontario Lung Cancer Disease Site Group.

PURPOSE: The primary objective was to identify the lessons learned and issues addressed by the Disease Site Group (DSG) developing guidelines on lung cancer for practitioners in the province of Ontario. METHODS: The minutes of the Ontario Lung Cancer Disease Site Group (LCDSG) and the meeting notes of a medical sociologist who attended all LCDSG meetings were reviewed to identify the disease-specific and generic issues addressed by the LCDSG during guideline development. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Ontario LCDSG has completed three practice guidelines and has five evidence-based recommendations (EBRs) in production. Topics for guideline development were selected on the basis of known practice variability (eg, advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]); the size of the patient population that could potentially be affected by the guideline; results of phase II trials of new and potentially expensive agents (vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel); and randomized controlled clinical trials that support new practice standards (combined modality therapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC). The wording of each EBR reflects the strength and quality of the evidence in support of the treatment option, the primary outcome(s), and the individual physician and discipline values concerning treatment outcomes in the absence of known patient values.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

A comprehensive assessment of Canadian health program guidelines: international health system implications.

A comprehensive assessment of the Health Program Guidelines (HPG) in Canada was undertaken between January to September 1992. This review examined the strategic effectiveness and operational efficiency of the guidelines under the auspices of a Federal/Provincial/Territorial Committee on Institutional and Medical Services (ACIMS). To assess the perceived needs for the guidelines, over 185 structured mail questionnaires were sent to a sample of health care agencies, institutions and organizations across Canada. A key informant approach was also used to assess the perceived effectiveness and efficiency of the guidelines. Based on the results of the questionnaires the findings and recommendations were made, that are relevant to the international health system community.

Canada↗
PubMed1990

Guidelines for using superpotent topical steroids.

Superpotent topical steroids used to treat psoriasis and steroid-responsive dermatoses may produce local cutaneous side effects, including atrophy, steroid acne, perioral dermatitis, hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis and superinfections. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may be one of the systemic side effects. Superpotent topical steroids should not be used under occlusion, in flexural areas, on the face and in children. The total amount used per week and the duration of treatment should be carefully monitored.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Narrative review: the U.S. Pharmacopeia and model guidelines for Medicare Part D formularies.

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 includes a provision directing the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to request that the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) develop a list of categories and classes (the USP Model Guidelines) that can be used by prescription drug plans in developing their formularies for the Part D prescription drug benefit. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) used the Model Guidelines and USP's related listing, termed the Formulary Key Drug Types, to evaluate prescription drug plan formularies submitted by prescription drug plan sponsors intending to provide the new Part D benefit. This article recounts how USP's all-volunteer Model Guidelines Expert Committee developed the USP Model Guidelines and Formulary Key Drug Types, working under a cooperative agreement with CMS in response to the Secretary's request. The Model Guidelines and Formulary Key Drug Types are updated annually to reflect advances in evidence-based medicine, thereby offering timely guidance to CMS and to prescription drug plans based on USP's demonstrated expertise in setting standards.

Drug Prescriptions↗