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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The effects of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing behaviour at signalized and unsignalized intersections.

Research amongst drivers suggests that pedestrians using mobile telephones may behave riskily while crossing the road, and casual observation suggests concerning levels of pedestrian mobile-use. An observational field survey of 270 females and 276 males was conducted to compare the safety of crossing behaviours for pedestrians using, versus not using, a mobile phone. Amongst females, pedestrians who crossed while talking on a mobile phone crossed more slowly, and were less likely to look at traffic before starting to cross, to wait for traffic to stop, or to look at traffic while crossing, compared to matched controls. For males, pedestrians who crossed while talking on a mobile phone crossed more slowly at unsignalized crossings. These effects suggest that talking on a mobile phone is associated with cognitive distraction that may undermine pedestrian safety. Messages explicitly suggesting techniques for avoiding mobile-use while road crossing may benefit pedestrian safety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Bcl-2 proteins: master switches at the intersection of death signaling and the survival control by Raf kinases.

Bcl-2 family members are central to the control of cell survival. Work of the last years has established that the function of these proteins can be regulated by mitogenic signaling cascades. Within the scope of this review, we will discuss the contribution of Bcl-2-dependent signaling pathways to cell survival by Raf kinases and also address the underlying mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist Therapeutics at the Intersection of Alcohol Use Disorder, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction.

The co-occurrence of metabolic dysfunction and heavy alcohol consumption contributes substantially to global morbidity, particularly through its impact on liver disease progression. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR)/GLP1R dual agonists, currently approved for the treatment of diabetes and obesity and under investigation for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, are considered for repurposing to reduce alcohol consumption and stabilize metabolic health in heavy-drinking populations. This review summarizes existing evidence, highlights ongoing research, and outlines key unanswered questions regarding this therapeutic potential and the paradigm shift toward metabolic circuit-based interventions in addiction treatment. The dual-target GIPR/GLP1R approach could fill a critical gap for individuals struggling with both heavy alcohol consumption and metabolic dysfunction.

Alcohol use disorder↗
PubMed2004

Synapse scaffolding: intersection of endocytosis and growth.

The Drosophila dynamin-associated protein Dap160, homolog of the vertebrate Intersectins, is thought likely to act as a molecular scaffold in the synaptic periactive zone. New mutant analyses have revealed separable roles for Dap160 in the regulation of vesicular endocytosis and synaptic growth.

Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
PubMed2005

Fusion of the planes of the liver: an anatomic entity merging the midplane and the left intersectional plane.

BACKGROUND: Alignment of the gallbladder fossa and the round ligament may be associated with an almost unknown portal vein branching anomaly. STUDY DESIGN: Ultrasonographic imaging allowed detection of this anomaly, which we characterized as fusion of the planes of the liver. When appropriate, additional specific radiologic examinations were performed (CT scanner supplemented with a three-dimensional reconstruction, a biliary cartography, or an angiography). Surgical consequences were studied from this series and from the literature. RESULTS: Seven patients (0.5%) had the following criteria: 1) round ligament, gallbladder fossa, and termination of the portal vein occurring in the same plane; 2) typical portal vein branching, including a right posterior branch, left branches, and a main medial branch terminated by the Rex's recessus; 3) two main hepatic veins without a significant middle hepatic vein; and 4) absence of the horizontal part of the left hepatic duct. Fusion of the planes may have been involved in two cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury and contraindicated a tumor resection and a right-liver donation. A review of the literature revealed that lack of recognition of the fusion of the planes led to a high proportion of surgical iatrogenic injury. Fusion of the planes could result from incomplete development of the central part of the liver, in agreement with embryologic knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the fusion of the planes by hepato-biliary surgeons is important. This anomaly may lead to serious complications if it remains undetected during liver resection or bile duct surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An algorithm for detection of couch-beam intersection.

A graphical method of avoiding beam blocking by couch supports is described. The technique uses a simplification of the couch cross-section and matrix operations to project the beam into the plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the couch. The algorithm is described, along with a software implementation testing. The application of the software to 3D treatment planning is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

To what extent are the "sets" of biologic properties expressed by hypoxic cancer cells and by cancer "stem" cells equivalent, intersecting, disjoint or complementary? Some implications for the design of cancer therapies.

Resistance to various cancer therapies with survival or recurrence of a malignancy has been ascribed to the inability to "kill" hypoxic cancer cells. The reported resistance of cancer "stem" cells has also been proposed as a major reason for this outcome. In planning therapy, it should be important to know whether these two categories "overlap": do "hypoxic" cells subsume cancer "stem" cells; alternately, are "stem" cells somewhat hypoxic or are these categories distinct? If the former is true and these categories overlap, to what extent do their properties share biochemical elements in common; if the latter is the case, should both properties be "targeted" independently? The inability of a proposed therapy to suppress these foci of resistance could preclude a successful outcome. Results from pre-clinical and clinical laboratory determination of the stem cell/hypoxic cell response may reflect the likely outcome of the proposed clinical treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intersecting pathways to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: effects of the pesticide rotenone on DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is most likely caused by a combination of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibilities, although there are rare monogenic forms of the disease. Mitochondrial impairment at complex I, oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein aggregation, and dysfunctional protein degradation, have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, but how they are related to each other is unclear. To further evaluated PD pathogenesis here, we used in vivo and in vitro models of chronic low-grade complex I inhibition with the pesticide rotenone. Chronic rotenone exposure in vivo caused oxidative modification of DJ-1, accumulation of alpha-synuclein, and proteasomal impairment. Interestingly, the effects become more regionally restricted such that systemic complex I inhibition eventually results in highly selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. DJ-1 modifications, alpha-synuclein accumulation, and proteasomal dysfunction were also seen in vitro and these effects could be prevented with alpha-tocopherol. Thus, chronic exposure to a pesticide and mitochondrial toxin brings into play three systems, DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and implies that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress link environmental and genetic forms of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Microtubule motors at the intersection of trafficking and transport.

Molecular motors drive the transport of vesicles and organelles within the cell. Traditionally, these transport processes have been considered separately from membrane trafficking events, such as regulated budding and fusion. However, recent progress has revealed mechanistic links that integrate these processes within the cell. Rab proteins, which function as key regulators of intracellular trafficking, have now been shown to recruit specific motors to organelle membranes. Rab-independent recruitment of motors by adaptor or scaffolding proteins is also a key mechanism. Once recruited to vesicles and organelles, these motors can then drive directed transport; this directed transport could in turn affect the efficiency of trafficking events. Here, we discuss this coordinated regulation of trafficking and transport, which provides a powerful mechanism for temporal and spatial control of cellular dynamics.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

X for intersection: retrotransposition both on and off the X chromosome is more frequent.

As the heteromorphic sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes, the sex chromosomes became increasingly different in gene content and structure from each other and from the autosomes. Although recently there has been progress in documenting and understanding these differences, the molecular mechanisms that have fashioned some of these changes remain unclear. A new study addresses the differential distribution of retroposed genes in human and mouse genomes. Surprisingly, chromosome X is a major source and a preferred target for retrotransposition.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology.

Domestication, a process of increasing mutual dependence between human societies and the plant and animal populations they target, has long been an area of interest in genetics and archaeology. Geneticists seek out markers of domestication in the genomes of domesticated species, both past and present day. Archaeologists examine the archaeological record for complementary markers--evidence of the human behavior patterns that cause the genetic changes associated with domestication, and the morphological changes in target species that result from them. In this article, we summarize the recent advances in genetics and archaeology in documenting plant and animal domestication, and highlight several promising areas where the complementary perspectives of both disciplines provide reciprocal illumination.

Animals↗