The socio-economics of asthma.
Is it healthy to be wealthy? The answer to this simple but provocative question can be found in a wide variety of published studies, which evaluate the socio-economic equity of healthcare and the socio-economic impact of diseases. Studies have focused on avoidable mortality, race and ethnicity, environment and access to healthcare services, and many found supporting facts of the above thesis, mostly based on cardiovascular diseases. But what about asthma? Additional factors such as risk behaviours e.g. smoking, excessive use of beta-agonists or general non-compliance with asthma medication have been investigated and found to be contributing to adverse health outcomes. Prevalence and incidence of asthma is higher in people with high socio-economic status (SES), but disease severity and premature mortality is more than twice as common in populations with low SES. The key to reduce the large socio-economic impact is, therefore, to improve the management of patients with more severe diseases. Because those patients are found more often in low SES groups, new approaches such as community disease management programmes, probably provided by a multi-disciplinary care team, have to be established. Current financial incentives within the largely sectored healthcare system are counterproductive. Furthermore, a better co-ordination of the goals of public healthcare experts with those providing individual 'clinical' healthcare is needed. Clearly communicated healthcare goals are needed to create common incentives and shared visions. Cornerstones of the new disease management efforts are co-ordinated care, high quality innovative medicines and a well-educated patient. This might help improve the implementation of current asthma management knowledge into practice.