End-user searching: review of a modular program.
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CD-ROM↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Literacy Programs”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Improving science literacy and education through space life sciences.
The National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) encourages open involvement by scientists and the public at large in the Institute's activities. Through its Education and Public Outreach Program, the Institute is supporting national efforts to improve Kindergarten through grade twelve (K-12) and undergraduate education and to communicate knowledge generated by space life science research to lay audiences. Three academic institution Baylor College of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine and Texas A&M University are designing, producing, field-testing, and disseminating a comprehensive array of programs and products to achieve this goal. The objectives of the NSBRI Education and Public Outreach program are to: promote systemic change in elementary and secondary science education; attract undergraduate students--especially those from underrepresented groups--to careers in space life sciences, engineering and technology-based fields; increase scientific literacy; and to develop public and private sector partnerships that enhance and expand NSBRI efforts to reach students and families.
Aerospace Medicine↗
Couple's literacy level and acceptance of family planning methods: Lorenz curve analysis.
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Asia↗
Computer literacy in baccalaureate nursing students during the last 8 years.
With the rapid integration of information technology in the healthcare field, equipping nurses with skills to effectively use the technology is vital. Evaluations of nursing students' nursing informatics competencies are scarce in nursing programs as reported in the literature. The current study was implemented to evaluate the self-reported nursing informatics competence of undergraduate baccalaureate students upon admission and graduation in the years from 1997 to 2005 and to compare the differences between admission and graduation. The Gassert/McDowell Computer Literacy Survey was used to survey 411 students on admission and 429 students on graduation from a baccalaureate nursing program. Results showed a significant increase during the 8-year period, both on admission and graduation, for reported level of experience with word processing, electronic mail, and World Wide Web. Areas of less experience that did not increase significantly were spreadsheet experience, database experience, and use of statistical programs. The nursing informatics competencies established for beginning nurses include databases, spreadsheets, word processing, presentation graphics, and keyboard skills. The results of this study indicate nursing education programs currently may not be providing beginning nurses with the tools needed to effectively and efficiently work in the technology-rich healthcare arena.
Computer Literacy↗
Evaluation of a clinic-based program to promote book sharing and bedtime routines among low-income urban families with young children.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a program of anticipatory guidance in which pediatric residents and nurse practitioners in a continuity practice gave parents books for their young children along with developmentally appropriate educational materials describing why and how to share the books and promoting reading as part of a bedtime routine. STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of 2 cross-sectional groups using consecutive, structured, face-to-face or telephone interviews of parents. One group was a historical control or a comparison group (group 1). The other was the intervention group (group 2), which included families who had received 2 books and educational materials for the children as part of the program to promote book sharing and bedtime routines. SUBJECTS: Before the institution of the program to promote book sharing and bedtime routines, the parents in 51 families with healthy children 12 to 38 months of age who regularly attended continuity clinics conducted by the house staff were interviewed; these families constituted group 1. Group 1 included a low-income population of Hispanic, African American, and non-Hispanic white families. Group 2 included 100 families with similar sociodemographic characteristics with healthy 12- to 38-month-old children who had received 2 books and educational materials at all 6- to 36-month well-child visits as part of the program. RESULTS: The intervention was found to be effective in promoting child-centered literacy activities. When asked openended questions, 4 (8%) of the parents in group 1 and 21 (21%) of the parents in group 2 said 1 of their child's 3 favorite activities included books (P=.04); 11 (22%) of the parents in group 1 and 42 (42%) of the parents in group 2 said 1 of their 3 favorite activities with their child was book sharing (P=.01); and 10 (20%) of the parents in group 1 and 35 (35%) of the parents in group 2 said that they share books 6 or 7 times a week at bedtime (P =.05). By mentioning 1 of these 3 important child-centered book-sharing activities, 17 (33%) of the parents in group 1 and 69 (69%) of the parents in group 2 (P <.001) demonstrated positive child-centered literacy orientation . A multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for parental education, ethnicity, and reading habits, as well as for the sex and age of the children, found child-centered literacy orientation more likely to be present in group 2 than in group 1 families, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-10.5; P<.001). Book sharing as part of a bedtime routine was more frequent in group 2 (mean+/-SD, 3.9+/-2.6 nights per week) than in group 1 (mean+/-SD, 2.5+/-2.7 nights per week; P=.002); however, no significant differences in prolonged bedtime struggles, parent-child co-sleeping, frequent night waking, or how children fell asleep were found between the groups. Instead, in multivariate analysis, bedtime struggles occurred more often with younger parents (P=.03) and fewer children at home (P=.02), while parent-child co-sleeping (P<.001) and frequent night waking (P=.04) were less likely to occur when children usually fell asleep alone in their own beds. CONCLUSIONS: This simple and inexpensive intervention by pediatric house staff, consisting of the provision of children's books and educational materials at well-child visits, resulted in increased enjoyment of and participation in child-centered book-related activities in low-income families. Primary care providers (ie, physicians and nurse practitioners) serving underserved pediatric populations may have a unique opportunity to promote child-centered literacy in at-risk groups.
Beds↗
Computer-assisted self-interviewing: a multimedia approach to dietary assessment.
Currently available dietary assessment tools have limited ability to obtain valid data within the resource constraints of large-scale studies. Many obstacles to gathering data can be overcome with computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI). Computers can conduct personalized, in-depth interviews without interviewers; provide standardized data collection with appropriate levels of probing; automate data entry; encourage subjects to review and correct inconsistent data; and ensure that responses are complete. Interactive multimedia tools can motivate subjects and improve participation. Visual and aural cues may stimulate recall and improve data quality. CASI is appropriate for use in populations in which literacy is low and in multiple ethnic groups. A prototype CASI diet-history program was developed for use in the United States. The diet-history approach was selected to improve cognitive support and capture information on usual diet. Scripts were based on recorded interviews with dietitians and interviewers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. At the end of the interview, participants are given information on how their reported nutrient intakes compare with current recommendations for their age and sex. The prototype was tested in focus groups of mixed age, sex, ethnicity, and education, with encouraging results. The development of multimedia-based dietary assessment tools seems a logical next step in improving dietary assessment methods.
Computers↗
Preserving quality as the site of medical education shifts.
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Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
Physician notification of their diabetes patients' limited health literacy. A randomized, controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic disease have limited health literacy (HL). Because physicians have difficulty identifying these patients, some experts recommend instituting screening programs in clinical settings. It is unclear if notifying physicians of patients' limited HL improves care processes or outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether notifying physicians of their patients' limited HL affects physician behavior, physician satisfaction, or patient self-efficacy. DESIGN: We screened all patients for limited HL and randomized physicians to be notified if their patients had limited HL skills. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three primary care physicians affiliated with a public hospital and 182 diabetic patients with limited HL. MEASUREMENTS: After their visit, physicians reported their management strategies, satisfaction, perceived effectiveness, and attitudes toward HL screening. We also assessed patients' self-efficacy, feelings regarding HL screening's usefulness, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Intervention physicians were more likely than control physicians to use management strategies recommended for patients with limited HL (OR 3.2, P=.04). However, intervention physicians felt less satisfied with their visits (81% vs 93%, P=.01) and marginally less effective (38% vs 53%, P=.10). Intervention and control patients' post-visit self-efficacy scores were similar (12.6 vs 12.9, P=.6). Sixty-four percent of intervention physicians and 96% of patients felt HL screening was useful. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians are responsive to receiving notification of their patients' limited HL, and patients support the potential utility of HL screening. However, instituting screening programs without specific training and/or system-wide support for physicians and patients is unlikely to be a powerful tool in improving diabetes outcomes.
Adult↗
Who are the young children for whom best practices in reading are ineffective? An experimental and longitudinal study.
The primary purpose of this study was to identify student characteristics that reliably predict responsiveness and nonresponsiveness to generally effective early literacy interventions. Participants were 104 children, including 7 with special needs and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), who were tested in kindergarten and first grade. Responsiveness/nonresponsiveness status was determined after 2 years during which children participated in best practice instruction (a) in kindergarten and first grade, (b) in kindergarten only, (c) in first grade only, or (d) in neither year. This facilitated the study of three groups. Always responsive students met responsiveness criteria in both years. Sometimes responsive students met the criteria in only one year. Nonresponsive students did not meet the criteria in either year. Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis indicated that the three groups were reliably different from one another on measures of problem behavior, verbal memory, sentence imitation, syntactic awareness, vocabulary, naming speed, and segmentation. A combination of naming speed, vocabulary, sentence imitation, problem behavior, and amount of intervention correctly predicted 82.1% of nonresponsive students, 30.0% of sometimes responsive students, and 84.1% of always responsive students. Fifty students from kindergarten and first grade were tested again at the end of what should have been their third-grade year. All but 1 of the nonresponsive students who received intervention had been identified as requiring special education and had an IEP with reading goals.
Child↗
Internet for hospital engineers.
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Computer Communication Networks↗
Expansion of the role of population education called for at the regional consultative seminar.
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Asia↗
Approaches to AIDS education for the grassroots in Nigeria.
The most important aspect of reaching people at the grassroots level is to ensure their understanding by using the most appropriate language, and by ensuring that the largely illiterate population will, nevertheless, be well served by print and electronic mass media. The article also emphasizes the need to adapt educational aids to the audience they address, as well as the preference of offering interactive education.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Low-birth-weight infants born to adolescent mothers. Effects of coresidency with grandmother on child development.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of young maternal age, coresidency with infant's grandmother, and other familial and environmental factors on development of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. DESIGN: Prospective cohort analyses. SETTING: Eight medical institutions in different geographical locations participating in the Infant Health and Development Program. PARTICIPANTS: Control population of 272 LBW, preterm infants enrolled in the Infant Health and Development Program born to mothers aged 15 to 24 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Child cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes at 36 months' gestation-corrected age. RESULTS: Maternal age was not significantly related to child development. Coresidence with infant's grandmother was associated with improved cognitive and health outcomes. Maternal ethnicity, maternal verbal ability, and other environmental factors were also associated with child outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study support the need for programs that include the extended family of at-risk infants, providing education and literacy skills to the mothers and encouraging participation of all care givers of the child.
Adolescent↗
Attitudes of Australian nurses toward the implementation of a clinical information system.
A computerized clinical information system (CIS) used for the majority of patient charting and medical records was installed in six of 15 beds in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large Australian hospital in November 1993. Staff acceptance was identified as integral to the success of the system. A survey was issued to all nursing staff of the ICU to identify factors that affected attitude toward computers in the critical care environment. Factors resulting in negative attitudes then could be targeted through training and support for users. The factors considered that potentially could influence attitudes were age, nursing experience, intensive care nursing experience, and education. The study showed that nursing experience had a statistically significant effect on motivation to use computers. A strong relation was evident between the concepts of beliefs, attitudes, and motivation. A less apparent association was present between knowledge and the other concepts. Orientation and in-service education programs should provide appropriate and applied information to optimize the motivation, beliefs, and computer literacy of nurses using CIS frameworks.
Adult↗
Guidelines and realities of asthma management. The Philadelphia story.
BACKGROUND: Guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, have encouraged more frequent use of inhaled steroids in asthma management. OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) whether prescription rates for inhaled steroids have increased compared with prescriptions for bronchodilators and (2) significant associations of demographic factors with bronchodilator-inhaled steroid prescription ratios and with rates of inhaled steroid prescriptions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of monthly bronchodilator and inhaled steroid prescription rates, numbers and types of asthma care providers, and demographic factors. SETTING: Philadelphia, Pa. MEASUREMENTS: Using univariate and multivariate analyses, bronchodilator and inhaled steroid prescription rates were determined for 45 ZIP codes and studied for associations with race and ethnicity, poverty, educational attainment, marital status, gender, total numbers of asthma drug prescriptions, and numbers and types of asthma care providers. RESULTS: Monthly bronchodilator-inhaled steroid prescription ratios increased from July 1991 to June 1993 (P < .001). Prescription rates for inhaled steroids and inhaled bronchodilators declined, but rates for oral bronchodilators (beta-agonists and theophylline) increased. By stepwise multiple regression, higher bronchodilator-inhaled steroid prescription ratios and lower inhaled steroid prescription rates were each significantly associated with ZIP codes in which greater proportions of residents lacked a high school diploma (P < .001); associations that approached statistical significance were found for higher bronchodilator-inhaled steroid ratios and fewer asthma care providers (P = .05) and for lower inhaled steroid prescription rates and lower proportions of asthma specialists (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In Philadelphia, a gap exists between optimal asthma drug prescribing and actual prescribing patterns that has widened from July 1991 to June 1993. Underuse of inhaled steroids is most closely associated with lower educational attainment, suggesting that interventions that include addressing the special asthma care needs of a low-literacy population will be required to achieve the goals of the National Asthma Education Program.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Literacy assessment in a cardiovascular nutrition education setting.
We assessed functional literacy of hypercholesterolemic or hypertensive African Americans (n = 339) prior to their participation in a nutrition education program. A word pronunciation and recognition test using 20 common cardiovascular or nutrition terms was first developed based on correlations with standardized reading achievement test scores, then administered to program participants. Nearly half (48%) had word recognition scores equivalent to a < or = 8th grade reading level. Lower scores were associated with less education, lower income, unemployment, heavier work activity if employed, less healthy diets, history of heart disease or diabetes, and higher depression scores (all P < 0.01); several of these associations were independent of education. The educational materials were geared to a 5th to 8th grade reading level. However, when both audiotaped and printed instruction were provided, individuals with reading scores < or = 8th grade preferentially used the tapes. This brief and relatively unobtrusive literacy assessment may help to identify persons who can benefit most from audiovisual approaches to cardiovascular nutrition education.
Adult↗
First do no harm.
Many traditional societies, which have long survived in balance with the carrying capacity of their local environments, have recently experienced rapid rates of population growth that threaten their survival. In examining the reasons for these deleterious trends, the author notes that they have occurred despite international technological assistance, improved health care, increased literacy, democratization, and liberal immigration and refugee policies favoring developing countries. "She argues that well meant programs and policies work at cross purposes with their stated goals when they dispel motivation to exercise caution and restraint. Family size targets stay high or rise when people think that limits which formerly operated have been relieved; so a windfall of resources or emigration opportunity frequently results in a population explosion in the region supposedly being helped."
Conservation of Natural Resources↗
Computer literacy: Where are nurse educators on the continuum?
Computers are becoming ubiquitous in health and education, and it is expected that nurses from undergraduate nursing programmes are computer literate when they enter the workforce. Similarly nurse educators are expected to be computer literate to model the use of information technology in their workplace. They are expected to use email for communication and a range of computer applications for presentation of course materials and reports. Additionally, as more courses are delivered in flexible mode, educators require more comprehensive computing skills, including confidence and competence in a range of applications. A cohort of nurse educators from one tertiary institution was surveyed to assess their perceived computer literacy and how they attained this. A questionnaire that covered seven domains of computer literacy was used to assess this. The results were illuminating and identified specific training needs for this group. Their perceived lack of skill with Groupwise email and the student database program are of concern as these are essential tools for nurse educators at this polytechnic.
Adult↗