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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Some observations on the biology and control of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) in Britain.

Sheep scab was eradicated from Britain in 1952 but reappeared in 1973. The host specificity of the sheep scab mite is discussed; sheep are the only reservoir of the disease in Britain. Control is by single dipping in the approved acaricides, HCH, diazinon or propetamphos. Acaricides are approved only if the minimum use rate (Maintenance level) will give at least 4 weeks' protection. The method of testing is described. Traditionally, compulsory dipping has been in the winter when the disease is most active. Although the mites were originally thought to enter a latent phase during the summer, new observations indicate that there is little difference between their summer and winter behaviour. In Britain, dipping is now compulsory in both the summer and winter.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Progress on control of northern fowl mites on caged laying hens.

Recent research on methods for controlling the northern fowl mite (NFM) on caged laying hens is reviewed. On inanimate objects, NFM may be controlled by fumigation with methyl bromide, increased temperature (49 degrees C for 1 h), or decreased temperature (-20 degrees C for 5 days). dipping chickens in aqueous suspensions of carbaryl or stirofos controlled NFM for 6 weeks without exceeding current egg tolerance residues. Feeding chickens reasonable concentrations of systemic pesticides registered for use on dairy cattle in the U.S.A., registered anticoccidials, zinc bacitracin, avermectins, and diflubenzuron did not produce systemic control of NFM. Chickens do develop immunity to NFM. The potential for further development and adoption of these techniques should provide the poultry industry with effective alternatives to existing chemical sprays and dusts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

New methods of applying drugs for the control of ectoparasites.

A brief history of the development of methods used to apply drugs (commonly called insecticides or acaricides) to domesticated animals for the control of ectoparasites is presented. The focus is on methods used in the United States for treating cattle, sheep and goats, and swine. Details of the evolution of treatment methods are presented for lice, flies, cattle grubs, keds, ticks, and other arthropods. In general, treatment methods have undergone some change over the years; while, in contrast, treatment materials have changed considerably. Three trends in treatment methods become obvious - (1) Gradual reduction in the amount of treatment material applied dermally from spray or dip to pouron, to spoton, and to insecticide-impregnated ear tags, (2) Increasingly wider use of animal systemic insecticides administered orally or percutaneously to control a variety of ectoparasites, and (3) The development of new methods (sustained release devices) to lengthen the residual effectiveness of treatments. Unfortunately, lengthened residual effectiveness may lead to resistance of important ectoparasites to the treatment materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Doramectin--a potent novel endectocide.

Doramectin, 25-cyclohexyl-5-O-demethyl-25-de(l-methylpropyl)avermectin A1a, was selected as the best of a series of novel avermectins prepared by mutational biosynthesis. The primary evaluation of its in vivo antiparasitic activity was carried out using a rat Trichostrongylus colubriformis model and a rabbit Psoroptes cuniculi model. In each case the new avermectin performed favourably relative to dihydroavermectin B1a (DHAVM), the major component of ivermectin. Doramectin was extensively evaluated in cattle using an experimental micelle formulation, proving highly effective in cattle infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora and Dictyocaulus viviparus when administered subcutaneously at 200 micrograms kg-1. The plasma pharmacokinetic characteristics of doramectin in cattle following intravenous administration revealed a plasma half-life of approximately 89 h. In the micelle formulation, doramectin administered subcutaneously at 400 micrograms kg-1 provided persistent activity against infection of cattle with C. oncophora and O. ostertagi for at least 8 and 12 days respectively.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of the ear-mite Raillietia auris in cattle in Austria.

We describe here the first documented case in Austria of the cattle ear mite Raillietia auris in a four-year-old dairy cow. The cow was mildly depressed, and keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in both eyes with Horner's syndrome in the left eye. The animal showed a mild head tilt to the left and a generalized ataxia with a tendency to move to the right side, which became exacerbated if the animal was blind-folded. Head pressing to the right side, dysphagia and a dropped jaw were also observed. Numerous rather mobile ear mites were observed at necropsy in the basal part of the left ear canal. The clinical significance of the cattle ear mite is uncertain and the clinical signs could have been caused by listerial encephalitis, which was also confirmed histologically in this case.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Severe alopecia due to demodicosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Belgium.

Demodex mites are part of the normal fauna of hair follicles of many, if not all, healthy mammal species. Normally these parasites live in harmony with their host, however in states of putative immunosuppression the acarids undergo excessive proliferation and cause clinical disease, which may be localised or generalised. This paper describes four cases of demodicosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) with localised to generalised alopecia.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2004

Acaricidal activity of plant essential oils against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae).

The acaricial activity of 56 plant essential oils against poultry house-collected adult Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer was examined using direct contact and fumigation methods. In a filter paper contact bioassay, 100% mortality at 0.07 mgcm-2 was observed in bay, cade, cinnamon, clove bud, coriander, horseradish, lime dis 5F, mustard, pennyroyal, pimento berry, spearmint, thyme red and thyme white oils, whereas the mortality of these oils was significantly decreased at 0.02 mgcm-2. In fumigation tests with adult D. gallinae at 0.28 mgcm-2, cade, clove bud, coriander, horseradish and mustard oils were more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effect of these essential oils was largely due to action in the vapour phase. Plant essential oils described herein merit further study as potential D. gallinae control agents.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Demodectic mange in fattening pigs in São Paulo, Brazil.

An investigation was conducted of mange in five Large White adult sows refractory to pyrethroid treatment (cypermethrin 15%). The most important clinical signs consisted of erythema, hyperkeratosis, alopecic macules, micaceous scaling, follicular pluging, and numerous comedones, especially on the facial region. Skin samples were scraped and punched. Elongate mites were found that were classified as Demodex sp., according to the morphological and histopathological characteristics. The protein, vitamin, and mineral levels contained in the rations were considered to be lower than those recommended to attend the requirements of fattening pigs. Adjustment of the rations was adopted, and the treatment of animals with ivermectin premix (450g/tonne of food) daily orally for a further 7 days was prescribed. The success of treatment was observed 15 days after adoption of these measures, when the beginning of remission of signs was observed. No mites were found on scrapings or biopsy punches after the treatment of the sows.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against (mange and itch) mites on ruminants.

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of acaricides against mange and itch mites on ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination, dose confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines also are intended to assist the investigators on how to conduct specific experiments, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ability of a proteinase inhibitor mixture to kill poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae in an in vitro feeding system.

The development of a reliable in vitro feeding system has enabled the rapid testing of presumptive anti-mite factors, a mixture of protease inhibitors (PI), by incorporating these into the blood feed. Mites were collected from a caged-hen facility and underwent a regime of starvation under varying conditions of temperature and darkness to determine the optimum conditions that encouraged mites to feed in the in vitro system. The efficacy of two anti-coagulants, heparin (HS) and acid citrate glucose (ACD), on mite feeding rates and mortality was evaluated. The ability of a mixture of PI to kill mites was also evaluated. The rate of feeding was greater in mites that were starved and cooled for between 7 and 30 days compared with mites that were not starved or cooled. The percentage of mites that fed when presented with HS treated blood (70%) was greater when compared with ACD treated blood (48%). The mortality of mites fed blood treated with HS + PI increased to 45% compared with a mortality level of 5% in mites fed on blood treated with HS alone. A reliable in vitro method for feeding D. gallinae which has the potential to be used to rapidly screen blood-borne products for their efficacy in reducing mite numbers has been developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Haematological and pathological responses to experimental Trixacarus caviae infection in guinea pigs.

Outbred guinea pigs became infected with the mite Trixacarus caviae (Acarina, Sarcoptidae) when introduced into an infected colony. Mite numbers were highest after one month, then fell progressively. Infected guinea pigs developed a neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia and basophilia. Despite pronounced reactive changes in the superficial lymph nodes, infected guinea pigs developed only a mild dermatitis. In contrast, home bred animals, susceptible to T. caviae acquired many mites and developed a severe chronic dermatitis. Trixacaral manage in guinea pigs offers considerable potential for the study of mite infections in man and animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibody response after treatment in cattle infected with Psoroptes ovis.

The decline of anti-Psoroptes ovis antibody titres after treatment was studied in six groups of naturally infected cattle. In all trials, using a limiting dilution technique, the specific antibody levels were assessed by ELISA on sera collected at regular intervals up to 78 days post treatment. All individual antibody titres started to decline between day 7 and day 14 post treatment. A linear decrease was observed. In a limited trial, five experimentally infected animals were bled monthly after treatment and seronegativity was reached within four months. The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained in the five field trials. Using a linear regression model, it was estimated by interpolation that most of the animals would have been seronegative within seven months post treatment. These results suggest that the exposure to specific P ovis antigen stops with the end of parasite activity and that dead mites are relatively non-immunogenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The Melbourne house dust mite study: eliminating house dust mites in the domestic environment.

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity to house dust mite allergens is associated with increased asthma morbidity. Asthma severity appears to be related to the degree of mite allergen exposure. Short-term studies suggest that complete avoidance reduces disease severity. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to assess the effect of different mattress covers and floor coverings on mite allergen concentrations in the homes of mite-sensitive children with asthma in the city of Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: Mite allergen Der p 1 concentration was measured on mattress covers, mattress surfaces, and carpeted and uncarpeted floors in 107 dwellings; and measurement was performed on three occasions over a 5-month period. After the first sampling, all mattress covers and impermeable encasements were permanently removed. RESULTS: The initial geometric mean concentrations of Der p 1 (micrograms per gram of fine dust) from the surfaces of sheepskin, wool, and cotton mattress coverings were greater than those from the surfaces of impermeable mattress encasements (116, 113, and 19 vs 0.4) (p < 0.001); corresponding concentrations on the underlying mattresses were 142, 38, 20, and 0.6, respectively (p < 0.05 to 0.001). At the end of the study these mattress surface concentrations were 79, 65, 9.7, and 3.1, respectively. In 24 dwellings an uncarpeted room was adjacent to a carpeted room. At each visit the concentration of Der p 1 in uncarpeted rooms was below the reported threshold for sensitization and significantly less than that in the adjacent carpeted room. CONCLUSION: In homes of children with asthma, "asthmogenic" concentrations of Der p 1 were found on nonencased mattresses and carpeted floors, but the use of impermeable mattress encasements and carpet exclusion were associated with concentrations of Der p 1 below the reported threshold for sensitization.

Adolescent↗