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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Level of fitness or physical activity as a modifying factor of cardiovascular risk].

Epidemiological data congruently verify that low fitness/low physical activity predisposes a higher probability for all-cause and cardiovascular death, compared to the normal and high-fit/active population. Measure of fitness or physical activity is an independent risk factor with at least the same weight as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia etc. therefore it is reasonable to involve it into the calculation of the risk chart. A couple of simple and inexpensive methods are available for measuring the fitness/physical activity. Any information in this field would help toward a better lifestyle.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1991

[Post-traumatic correction osteotomy of the distal forearm. Which factors modify the results?].

Post-traumatic deformities are a typical complication of fractures of the distal radius, occurring in about 20% of cases. They are associated with ulno-carpal pain and malfunction of the wrist. Different indications for surgery are given and various operative techniques are recommended. Between 1972 and 1987 a total of 108 patients with post-traumatic disorders following fractures of the distal radius underwent surgical treatment by one of three different procedures: isolated correction of the distal radius, combined correction of the radius und ulna, isolated correction of the ulna (distal resection, shortening osteotomy, hemiresection arthroplasty). 92 (85.2%) followed-up for an average of 9 years postoperatively was possible in 92 (85.2%) of the patients. The functional results were evaluated according to Lidström's system. Excellent and good results were found in 64 (69.6%), fair results in 22 (23.9%), and poor results in 6 (6.5%) of the patients studied. The best results were seen mainly in cases with a short time lapse between trauma and corrective surgery. Distal resection of the ulna has not been performed since 1986 because of poor results and wrist instability. Following isolated correction of radius or ulna, in some patients axial malalignment of the distal radius by about 10 degrees and/or length differences of 2-3 mm with persisting pain or malfunction were seen. In summary, we recommend the combined correction procedure in patients with painful deformities, not more than 6-9 months after the injury. The range of indications should be determined by individual aspects, such as profession, age, activity, discomfort and radiological findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arthroplasty↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the radiation lesion in exposure of the anterior abdomen in dogs and the effect of modifying factors].

A comparative study was made of the effect of gamma/neutron and X-radiation on the forepart of dog abdomen. The RBE coefficient was found to depend upon body mass and to range from 1.3 to 1.5. The exclusion of the sympathetic nervous system before irradiation was shown to aggravate the clinical condition and to increase the death rate. On the contrary, the exclusion of the parasympathetic nervous system before irradiation and gastric lavage after irradiation improved the clinical picture of radiation sickness and increased the radioresistance of dogs.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modifying factors in prenatal carcinogenesis (review).

A description of the experimental approaches devised to control the growth of tumors induced by transplacental exposure to carcinogens is given. Due to the massive cell proliferation and differentiation taking place during embryogenesis, fetal tissues are believed to be privileged targets of neoplastic changes. As a consequence, trace amounts of environmental carcinogens capable of accumulating into the conceptuses may determine the appearance of tumors in the offspring, a possibility documented in several animal species including humans. Endogenous and exogenous factors counteracting this process have potential application as regulators of developmental carcinogenesis. Their identification is regarded as a means to chemoprevent pediatric tumors and can be instrumental in the analysis of the aetiopathogenesis of neoplastic phenotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Modifying factors of the relationship between stress at work and state of health].

Resources, particularly social support and control have been shown to moderate the stress process in various studies. Low social support or low control lead to a higher impact of stressors on psychological and psychosomatic dysfunctioning. Various mechanisms are suggested how resources may have an impact on the stress process.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

[Bacteriophage conversion as a factor modifying the intensity of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human leukocytes].

Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 and its eight variants lysogenized with phages responsible for the synthesis of staphylococcal staphylokinase were used for the study. Influence of phage conversion of S. aureus on its interaction with human leucocytes and influence of prophage on strain susceptibility to intracellular killing by human granulocytes without opsonins were evaluated. It was found that lysogenization of the strain with the bacteriophages decreased in each case reactivity of human leucocytes for staphylococcal strain what was expressed by lower bioluminescence values and by lower percentage of intracellular killing of bacterial cells carrying prophage.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of protein-modifying factors on sodium and potassium leakage currents of the secretory cell membranes].

Potassium and sodium leakage currents decrease when pH of the surroundings is lowering. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a specific reagent of the COOH-groups does not change leakage currents. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain and pronase increase the sodium leakage current, not altering the potassium one. Blocking agents of the SH-groups: Hg2+ and Cd2+ decrease potassium leakage current, without changing the sodium one. Results of the proteolysis testify to that the diffusion of sodium into the cells in response is accomplished through the protein components of the membrane. The action of the blocking agents of SH-groups points out that the diffusion of potassium from the cells is realized also via the protein components of the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of tributyltin on Escherichia coli: role of modifying factors.

The effects of inorganic and organic tin compounds and various factors affecting the toxicity of the latter to Escherichia coli were studied. In comparison to stannous chloride, tributyltin chloride (TBTC) was more inhibitory to the growth of the test organism; this may be due to its greater liposolubility and ready absorption through the bacterial membrane. The toxicity of TBTC to E. coli was modulated by various factors, such as pH, sulfate and chloride ions, and the presence of glucose, succinate, and reducing agents like cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT). TBTC was more toxic to cells in minimal than in complex media. Similarly, this compound was more inhibitory to the growth of E. coli at acid pH than at basic pH. Succinate in contrast to glucose, when used as a carbon source, made the bacterium more sensitive to TBTC. Cysteine and DTT (both at a final concentration of 0.5 mM) partially protected the cells against the inhibitory effect of this agent.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1989

[Temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis following thyroid surgery. Modifying factors: the educational status of the surgeon].

17 of 525 patients (3.2%) showed an laryngoscopically established palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve after surgery for struma. The analysis of these operations, performed by five surgeons during or within three years after the period of surgical training, revealed that the operations performed under assistance of the senior surgeons were high grade selected (p = 0.026). Thus 14.8% of the operations performed because of simple goiter but only 4.8% of the operations performed because of thyroid cancer/recurrent goiter/extensive nodular goiter were assisted in this way. On the other hand it was necessary to call for help of a senior surgeon because of intraoperative difficulties in only 1.26% of the cases operated on for simple goiter, but in 19.6% of the more complex forms of goiter (p less than 0.001). The risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was nearly 10 times higher in the complex forms of goiter than in the simple forms (p less than 0.001). More extensive surgical training in the forms of complex goiters should be able to improve the results.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cytochrome P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase modifying factors on the in vitro metabolism of amiodarone by rat and rabbit.

Experiments were conducted to affirm hepatic cytochrome P-450 involvement in the biotransformation of the class III antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone (Am; Cordarone X) to its major metabolite, desethylamiodarone (DEA). Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male New Zealand white rabbits were treated with phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) (to induce cytochrome P-450 (PB-inducible cytochrome(s) P-450) or P-448 (MC-inducible cytochrome P-450). In vivo decreases in rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were achieved either by a single ip dose of CCl4 or by a 2-day treatment with CoCl2. In vitro biotransformation of Am by hepatic microsomes from PB-induced and 3-MC-induced rats and PB-induced rabbits was significantly greater than that from noninduced animals. Conversely, in vitro DEA production was significantly decreased with hepatic microsomes from CCl4- and CoCl2-pretreated rats. The classic P-450 inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide, SKF 525A, n-octylamine, and CO provided a significant reduction in the in vitro formation of DEA by microsomes from induced animals. In vitro DEA formation by hepatic microsomes from PB- and 3-MC-induced rats was significantly decreased by 0.5 mM chloroquine (specific inhibitors of PB-inducible cytochrome(s) P-450) and 0.3 mM quinacrine (specific inhibitor of MC-inducible cytochrome(s) P-450), respectively. Further evidence for involvement of gut microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase was provided by the inhibition of gut microsomal-mediated in vitro DEA formation in the presence of methimazole. Methimazole had no effect on hepatic microsomal DEA production in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amiodarone↗