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Results for “NALIDIXIC ACID”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Interactions of DNA topoisomerase inhibitors novobiocin and nalidixic acid with some cytotoxic agents. In vitro investigations in rat thymic and splenic cells].

Interactions of novobiocin (NB) and/or nalidixic acid (NA) with some cytotoxic agents--UV light (UV), X-rays, methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), bleomycin (BM), adriamycin (AM), cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), mitomycin C (MIT), ethidiumbromide (EB), and suramin (SA)--have been investigated in thymic (T) and splenic (S) cells of the rat in vitro by measuring semiconservative (SDS) and unscheduled (UDS) DNA synthesis as well as sedimentation and viscosity of nucleoids. Combining NB (900 micrograms/ml) and/or NA (1800-3600 micrograms/ml) with UV, MMS, BM, AM, MIT, and SA resulted in additive effects on SDS and UDS. Synergistic actions were observed in T- and S-cells simultaneously treated by NB and CDDP, whereas the effects of NB could be antagonized to some extent by EB and vice versa. In X-irradiated (greater than or equal to 28 Gy) cells pretreated by NB (NA), UDS was diminished (T-cells) or enhanced (S-cells). The results are consistent with the following postulates: 1 degree in S-cells, DNA is much more supercoiled than in T-cells but in the opposite sense (positive superhelicity). 2 degrees DNA supercoiling (DNA compactness) is influenced therefore by DNA-topoisomerase inhibitors and intercalating agents in a highly agent- and cell-specific manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Simultaneous quantitative determination of metronidazole and nalidixic acid in tablets by difference spectroscopy.

A difference spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for simultaneous determination of metronidazole (MDZ) and nalidixic acid (NA) in tablets. The method comprised the measurement of the absorbance of a solution of the tablet extract in 0.1 M NaOH relative to that of an equimolar solution in 0.1 M HCl at 292 nm for NA and 325 nm for MDZ. The presence of identical isosbestic points for pure drug solutions and tablet extracts indicated the non-interference of excipients in the absorption at these wavelengths. Compliance with Beer's law was observed in the concentration ranges 5-25 micrograms ml(-1) for MDZ and 15-35 micrograms ml(-1) for NA these wavelengths.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Acute nalidixic acid poisoning in children].

A 31 month old child developed seizures 30 minutes after the accidental ingestion of toxic quantities of nalidixic acid. The case is unusual because of the age of the patient and the circumstances of the poisoning. It emphasises that this drug is contraindicated in children with previous neurological disease.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of the new quinoline derivative ciprofloxacin (BAY 0 9867) was evaluated in comparison to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid using 495 clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The compound was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, with MICs ranging from 0.008 mg/l to 4 mg/l, whereas the MICs of norfloxacin ranged from 0.03 mg/l to 16 mg/l. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were inhibited with a concentration of 2 mg/l ciprofloxacin and 32 mg/l norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was also active against gram-positive cocci. The MICs for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis ranged from 0.008 to 2.0 mg/l. The activity of ciprofloxacin was only slightly influenced by inoculum size, whereas an acid environment caused a noticeable decrease in the activity. Ciprofloxacin would seem to be a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1982

Nalidixic acid inhibits the conjugal transfer of conjugative N incompatibility group plasmids.

The conjugal transfer of R plasmids of the N incompatibility group was inhibited by nalidixic acid to the same degree as that of plasmids of other conjugative and incompatibility groups. Inhibition was reversible. This supports a belief that nalidixic exerts its effect by interfering with a step(s) that is common to all conjugative systems among Enterobacteriaceae. These observations do not support an earlier suggestion that motivated the present study, and a reason for this is suggested.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiological study of resistance to nalidixic acid and other antibiotics in clinical Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 isolates.

Forty-six Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 clinical isolates resistant to nalidixic acid were studied. The use of molecular typing techniques, other indicators of resistance patterns, the plasmid profile, and the presence of genes that encode aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme production suggested to us a clonal dissemination of the studied strains.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of flumequine, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and piromidic acid residues in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

A peer-verified, liquid chromatographic (LC) method for simultaneous determination of residues of flumequine (FLU), nalidixic acid (NAL), oxolinic acid (OXO), and piromidic acid (PIR) in catfish muscle is presented. Sample workup involves homogenizing tissue with acetone, defatting with hexane, and extracting quinolones into chloroform. Sample is purified further by partitioning into base and then subsequently back-extracting into chloroform after acidifying the aqueous phase. After solvent is evaporated, the residue is diluted with mobile phase, and analytes are introduced into an LC system where separations are made with a 5 microns, reversed-phase polymer column and an isocratic, buffered acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran mobile phase. Determinations are made by UV detection at 280 nm for PIR and by fluorescence detection (excitation at 325 excitation and emission at 365 nm) for the other 3 analytes. Each quinolone was used to fortify catfish muscle at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/g. The following recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values represent an average of the 5 levels for each analyte: FLU, 79.7% (RSD = 5.7%); OXO, 80.8% (RSD = 6.3%); PIR, 75.0% (RSD = 5.9%); and NAL, 87.1% (RSD = 10%). Assay of 5 levels (base incurred catfish, plus 4 dilutions with control catfish) of catfish muscle incurred with the 4 quinolones gave the following averages: FLU: base, 198 ng/g (RSD = 2.3%); dilutions, 98.0 ng/g (RSD = 4.2%), 61.6 ng/g (RSD = 4.4%), 21.6 ng/g (RSD = 2.8%), 9.24 ng/g (RSD = 8.7%); OXO, base, 257 ng/g (RSD = 6.9%); dilutions, 146 ng/g (RSD = 5.5%), 95.0 ng/g (RSD = 4.1%), 30.7 ng/g (RSD = 3.8%), 13.7 ng/g (RSD = 4.6%); PIR, base, 22.1 ng/g (RSD = 4.2%); dilutions, 13.7% ng/g (RSD = 6.7%), 6.49 ng/g (RSD = 15%), 2.65 ng/g (RSD = 15%); and NAL, base, 75.1 ng/g (RSD = 3.8%); dilutions, 42.3 ng/g (RSD = 5.1%), 24.1 ng/g (RSD = 6.3%), 8.59 ng/g (RSD = 4.8%). A second multiresidue analysis of the 4 quinolones was performed by an outside analyst. Average recoveries from catfish fortified at 5, 10, 20, and 40 ng/g were FLU, 75.9% (RSD = 4.0%); OXO, 84.0% (RSD = 5.5%); NAL, 85.6% (RSD = 8.9%); and PIR, 66.2% (RSD = 8.7%).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments in the canine parathyroid gland treated with nalidixic acid.

Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments of 100A in diameter was observed within chief cells of the parathyroid gland in dogs treated with nalidixic acid. The structure, as a rule, was located in the neighborhood of the nucleus and no other cell organelles were detected within it. Its size had a wide spectrum from a small part of the cytoplasm to as large as half a cell. Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the involved cells had a tendency to atrophy. These cells occasionally contained less secretory granules. Lipid droplets are diffusely increased. The pathogenesis and significance of the present intracytoplasmic filaments remain to be determined. However, as lipid deposition, atrophy of Golgi apparatus, poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in a hypofunctional or degenerative state, it might be possible that filamentous hyperplasia is closely associated with that state.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid and piromidic acid in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV detection.

A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid (NA), oxolinic acid (OXA) and piromidic acid (PMA) in cultured fish has been developed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drugs were extracted with 0.1% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (6:4), followed by a Sep-Pak C18 clean-up procedure. The HPLC separation was carried out on a Kaseisorb LC ODS 300-5 column (25 cm x 4.6 mm I.D.) using 5 mM phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (6:4) as a mobile phase. A fluorescence detector was used for NA and OXA at the excitation wavelength of 325 nm and the emission wavelength of 365 nm and an ultraviolet detector at 280 nm for PMA. The calibration graphs were rectilinear from 1 to 10 ng for OXA, from 2 to 20 ng for NA and PMA. The recoveries of NA, OXA and PMA added to fish were 81.5-85.3, 83.7-88.7 and 80.9-84.9%, respectively, with high accuracy. The limits of detection were 0.01 micrograms/g for each drug.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced adaptive and cross resistance to ultraviolet rays and nalidixic acid in Enterococcus faecalis].

The resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) as well as to UV irradiation and nalidixic acid was shown to increase as a result of reinoculations in medium containing 4-NQO. Irradiation of cells with UV254 (20, 60, or 100 J/m2) did not increase their resistance to 4-NQO. The desmutagenic activity of 4-NQO-adapted cells in the case of mutagenesis induced by 4-NQO was higher than in control cells. The mechanism of induced resistance is discussed.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1979

[Dependence of the viability and mutability of Escherichia coli K-12 cells on the balance of DNA and protein syntheses. II. The effect of disturbance in the balance of DNA and protein syntheses on the cellular mutability and viability of rec+ and rec- strains treated with nalidixic acid].

The changes in the survival and mutagenesis of rec+ and rec- Escherichia coli K-12 strains, treated with the selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nalidixic acid, are found to be due to the processes of the stabilization and repair of the metabolic gaps in DNA chains, which depend on the balance of DNA and protein synthesis. The various character is observed of the relation between the survival and the mutagenesis and the balance of DNA and protein syntheses in cells which are valuable (rec+) and defective (rec-) for the processes of DNA repair.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1984

Bioavailability of Nalidixic acid from uncoated tablets in humans--Part II: Bioavailability in beagles and its correlation with bioavailability in humans and in vitro dissolution rates.

The bioavailability of nalidixic acid in beagles was determined using the same tablet formulations previously tested on humans and was compared with bioavailability in humans and with in vitro dissolution rates. The beagle bioavailability test provided lower power in all of the bioavailability parameters than did the human test. Tmax of the tablets did not greatly differ in beagles, although in humans a wide variation of Tmax was seen. A linearity between Cmax and AUC0-infinity was observed in beagles, but Tmax did not show a linearity with Cmax or AUC in dogs, which is quite different from the relations observed in humans. The rank order of tablets according to Cmax was exactly the same between humans and beagles. AUC also showed the same rank order between humans and beagles except for on tablet with a poor disintegrating ability. A significant correlation between human and beagle Cmax values was obtained (r = 0.8952; p less than 0.05), but not between human and beagle AUC and Tmax values.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Chromosome replication following a temporary inhibition of DNA-synthesis by nalidixic acid in a temperature-sensitive dnaA mutant of Escherichia coli.

Chromosome replication cycle in a DNA initiation mutant of Escherichia coli (CRT-83, dnaAts) was blocked by nalidixic acid, an inhibitor of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. Following a period of inhibition of DNA synthesis, the drug was removed and "run-out" DNA synthesis was examined. It was found that the "capacity" for DNA synthesis was not affected by such a treatment.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, fleroxacin as a function of the sensitivity or resistance to nalidixic acid and to pefloxacin].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fleroxacin (FLE) were evaluated by agar dilution for 375 bacterial strains. For Enterobacteriaceae, MIC of FLE were (microgram/ml): nalidixic acid (NAL), susceptible (S), pefloxacin (PEF), susceptible (S) strains: 0.032 to 0.5; NAL, resistant (R), PEF S: 0.25 to 1; NAL R, PEF R: 1 to 32; NAL R, PEF R strains were particularly observed among Serratia marcescens and Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was less susceptible to FLE (MIC 1 to 4), as to PEF; two PEF R strains were inhibited by 32 micrograms/ml of FLE. FLE was active on A. baumannii PEF S strains (0.5), but this activity was reduced on PEF R strains (2 to 64). H. influenzae and N. meningitidis (0.03 to 0.06), N. gonorrhoeae (0.016 to 0.03) and L. pneumophila (0.03 to 0.25) were very susceptible to FLE. MIC of FLE on S. aureus were 0.25 to 1 for PEF S strains and greater than or equal to 16 for PEF R strains, also resistant to methicillin. Enterococci, Streptococci and Pneumococci were less susceptible to FLE (2 to 8). C. perfringens (0.5 to 1) appeared susceptible to FLE whereas B. fragilis was inhibited by higher concentrations (4 to 8). So, antibacterial properties of FLE are very similar to that of PEF; PEF R strains appear generally resistant to FLE.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1986

Death as a result of an adverse reaction from nalidixic acid.

This article reports a death occurring in an apparently healthy, 27-year-old male as a consequence of an adverse reaction to a common urinary tract antibiotic (nalidixic acid). The deceased had cardiac enlargement at autopsy. The clinical presentation before his sudden death coincides with the occurrence of seizures and psychotic reaction as an adverse reaction to the injection of the drug, rather than merely a result of cardiac symptoms.

Adult↗