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Individuality and hubris in mythology: the struggle to be human.

Mankind's social and psychological evolution require changing attitudes and behavior to maintain a harmony with the world, society, and his own self. Loss of immediacy with the world, power over it, and the increasing capacity for individuality pose special problems for the accomplishment of such harmony. How this is recognized, understood, and dealt with is a task undertaken through psychoanalysis, myth, philosophy, and literature. Various examples are given to show that the constancy of the basic truths about the nature of being human leads to a resonance among the diverse approaches and across the span of millennia and cultures.

Humans↗

Mental development.

An attempt has been made to show how radically object relations theory departs from linear and biological models of development. The mind, it seems, is in a constant state of ebb and flow, moving at times towards development, and on other occasions regressing from it. Development seems to occur only when there are appropriate affective links between the structures of the mind. These links apparently need to be at the love-admiration end of the affective spectrum, so that centripetal forces predominate over centrifugal ones. It is this process of moving from fragmentation to integration, from alienation to responsibleness on the spatial plane, and from hatred to love on the affective plane that we tend to call development.

Adult↗

Comments on snake symbolism and mind-body relations.

In summary, the symbolic use of an object in part depends on which of its functional-structural qualities is emphasized in a given moment. For example, the snake may take on different symbolic meanings when emphasis is given to its eyes, tongue, fangs, anatomical form, or movement. Its various aspects constitute a complex system of references to unconscious (and conscious) mental and body self-configurations. These references frequently undergo transformations which make use of structurally related symbols. In the present paper, various aspects of the snake symbol were related to one another and to other symbolic transformations, including the elevator and flying. The structural principles underlying these analyses may be found to organize a wide range of phenomena and were here applied to Tausk's "influencing machine."

Animals↗