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PubMed1979

[Pneumococcal infections in military quarters (author's transl)].

A retrospective study on prevalence of pneumococcal in French military recruits of two military districts has been made in 1976 and 1977. Among 185,000 adults, 19 pneumococcal diseases were registered (0,1%). 15 were respiratory infections (10 acute pneumonia). The agent has been isolated of blood (the half) and of others samples : expectoration... (the half). In despite of geographical and climatic differences of two districts, the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia is the same. The low prevalence of that infection results from the age, selection, and medical surveillance of the population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gingivitis and cellulitis in diffuse pneumococcal infection.

Gingivitis occurring with a cystic lesions in young patients with facial cellulitis is highly suggestive of a pneumococcal etiology. Two cases of pneumococcal cellulitis and gingivitis with bacteremia are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed2001

Penicillin pharmacodynamics in four experimental pneumococcal infection models.

Clinical and animal studies indicate that with optimal dosing, penicillin may still be effective against penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (PNSP). The present study examined whether the same strains of penicillin-susceptible pneumococci (PSP) and PNSP differed in their pharmacodynamic responses to penicillin by using comparable penicillin dosing regimens in four animal models: peritonitis, pneumonia, and thigh infection in mice and tissue cage infection in rabbits. Two multidrug-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6B were used, one for which the penicillin MIC was 0.016 microg/ml and the other for which the penicillin MIC was 1.0 microg/ml. Two additional strains of PNSP were studied in the rabbit. The animals were treated with five different penicillin regimens resulting in different maximum concentrations of drugs in serum (C(max)s) and times that the concentrations were greater than the MIC (T(>MIC)s). The endpoints were bacterial viability counts after 6 h of treatment in the mice and 24 h of treatment in the rabbits. Similar pharmacodynamic effects were observed in all models. In the mouse models bactericidal activity depended on the T(>MIC) and to a lesser extent on the Cmax/MIC and the generation time but not on the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC. Maximal bactericidal activities were similar for both PSP and PNSP, being the highest in the peritoneum and blood (approximately 6 log10 CFU/ml), followed by the thigh (approximately 3 log10 CFU/thigh), and being the lowest in the lung (approximately 1 log10 CFU/lung). In the rabbit model the maximal effect was approximately 6 log10 CFU/ml after 24 h. In the mouse models bactericidal activity became marked when T(>MIC) was > or =65% of the experimental time and C(max) was > or =15 times the MIC, and in the rabbit model bactericidal activity became marked when T(>MIC) was > or =35%, Cmax was > or =5 times the MIC, and the AUC at 24 h/MIC exceeded 25. By optimization of the Cmax/MIC ratio and T(>MIC), the MIC of penicillin for pneumococci can be used to guide therapy and maximize therapeutic efficacy in nonmeningeal infections caused by PNSP.

Animals↗