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PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of spirometric function in residents of three comparison communities and of three communities located near waste incinerators in North Carolina.

Waste incinerators are an increasingly common means of solid waste disposal. However, little is documented about the physical health of community members who live close to incinerators. During a 3-yr epidemiological study, spirometric lung function was tested once annually among residents from 3 communities surrounding a hazardous waste, biomedical, or municipal incinerator and among residents in 3 comparison communities. A total of 1,016 nonsmoking individuals, aged 8-80 yr, participated during at least 1 of the 3 yr of the study; 358 individuals participated all 3 yr. Daily air-quality sampling was done for 1 mo/yr in all 6 communities. The average monthly concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of 2.5 microns and less (PM2.5 [range = 14.6-31.5 micrograms/m3]) in all communities were similar during the 3 yr of study. The mean daily PM2.5 concentrations were significantly less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's allowable 24-hr standard of 65 micrograms/m3. Individual incinerators contributed less than 2.5% of the areas' total PM2.5 levels. There was no difference in percent predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, or forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the forced vital capacity among members of the incinerator communities, compared with nonincinerator communities, and there were no significant differences in lung function within the 3 sets of communities. There was no evidence from this study that an association existed between residence in these 3 waste incinerator areas, which met state and federal emissions regulations, and average spirometric pulmonary function of nonsmoking community members.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Mathematical-statistical models of generated hazardous hospital solid waste.

This research work was carried out under the assumption that wastes generated from hospitals in Irbid, Jordan were hazardous. The hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated from the different divisions in the three hospitals under consideration were not separated during collection process. Three hospitals, Princess Basma hospital (public), Princess Bade'ah hospital (teaching), and Ibn Al-Nafis hospital (private) in Irbid were selected for this study. The research work took into account the amounts of solid waste accumulated from each division and also determined the total amount generated from each hospital. The generation rates were determined (kilogram per patient, per day; kilogram per bed, per day) for the three hospitals. These generation rates were compared with similar hospitals in Europe. The evaluation suggested that the current situation regarding the management of these wastes in the three studied hospitals needs revision as these hospitals do not follow methods of waste disposals that would reduce risk to human health and the environment practiced in developed countries. Statistical analysis was carried out to develop models for the prediction of the quantity of waste generated at each hospital (public, teaching, private). In these models number of patients, beds, and type of hospital were revealed to be significant factors on quantity of waste generated. Multiple regressions were also used to estimate the quantities of wastes generated from similar divisions in the three hospitals (surgery, internal diseases, and maternity).

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1995

Garbage wars '95. A mid-decade report.

Noncommercial foodservice operators continue to participate in solid waste recycling & source reduction programs in high numbers. While the global results are uncertain, many operators report local success. Their efforts have reduced landfill waste & saved their institutions money.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1999

[Occupational protection in biological waste treatment plants from the occupational medicine viewpoint].

Composting of biogenous waste matter constitutes an important segment in the Federal Republic of Germany's developing waste and recycling management. The processes used in compost production entail exposure to bio-aerosols, gases, dust, microorganisms and their toxins, additionally noise, fluctuating climatic conditions and various accident dangers. A study carried out was task with elaborating a specific profile of strains on compost workers in comparison with a control group. 42 composting plants were visited in 1996 and 1997. In the plants, spread out over seven federal states, 184 compost workers participated in 1996 and 178 in 1997. The control group comprised 66 (1996) and 63 (1997) employees of a senior state authority with office and laboratory jobs. About 400 mainly humanly relevant air measurements for meso-phile/thermo-phile actinomycetins or mould fungi provided emissions data for the purpose of estimating biological risks. Jeopardy analysis of jobs for chemical and physical jeopardy factors was based on the checklist method supported by GC-MS screening as well as measurements of noise level, light density and dust concentrations. On-site medical examination of all 491 employees comprised detailed industrial-medical anamnesis, internistic-clinical physical examination, recording of static-dynamic pulmonary function parameters as well as haematological-immuno-serological screening. From the results, it can be concluded that ailments of the respiratory tract and the lungs as well as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and exogenous allergic alveolitis are not found with significantly greater frequency in compost workers than they were in the control group. The same is likewise true for allergies, diseases of the locomotor system and the skin. ODTS did not occur. During the study period, there was one case of occupational disease in a compost worker with an hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Efforts are necessary for a better filter technique and the reduction of noise and carbon dioxide hazards.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1992

Rubbish!

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Disposable Equipment↗