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PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical issues in the forced transfusion of Jehovah's Witness children.

This paper examines the views of Jehovah's Witnesses in regards to their refusal of blood transfusions for themselves and their children. After setting out the legal framework society presently has in place for dealing with such refusals, the paper reviews the ethics literature that justifies the intervention by the State to force the transfusion of Jehovah's Witness children. It is claimed that the arguments such literature develops are seriously problematic. A different approach is suggested.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1994

The chaplain's role in bioethical decision-making.

With advances in medical technology, difficult questions of "What should be done?" and "Who should decide?" are a daily occurrence in hospitals. This paper reports the results of a survey of Canadian chaplains with respect to their involvement in bioethical decision-making. The survey suggests that chaplains make a significant contribution to discussion and resolution of bioethical dilemmas. Using a case study, the paper elaborates on the chaplain's role in bioethical decision-making, and indicates how such participation can influence both cost containment and risk management.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A critical incident study of nurses' responses to the spiritual needs of their patients.

AIMS OF STUDY: The aims of the study were to carry out a critical incident study to: (1) Describe what nurses consider to be spiritual needs; (2) Explore how nurses respond to the spiritual needs of their patients; (3) Typify nurses' involvement in spiritual dimensions of care; (4) Describe the effect of nurses' intervention related to spiritual care. BACKGROUND: In the caring professions a focus on individuals as bio-psychological-spiritual beings is gaining recognition and this notion is based on the premise that there should be a balance of mind, body and spirit for the maintenance of health in a person (Stoll 1979). Emerging research highlights the importance of spiritual care in nursing and suggests that there is scope for improving this dimension of care in order to improve the quality of life for many patients. However, there is very little evidence about how nurses respond to the spiritual needs of their patients. Therefore the purpose of this study was to map by critical incident techniques how nurses construct and respond to patients' spiritual needs in a variety of clinical settings. METHODS: Critical incidents were obtained from 115 nurses. The data from these incidents were subjected to content analysis and categories were developed and described. The emerging categories were subjected to peer reviews to ensure reliability and validity of findings. FINDINGS: The findings suggest that there is confusion over the notion of spirituality and the nurse's role related to spiritual care. A variety of approaches to spiritual care emerged in this study from the critical incidents derived from nurse respondents. These were categorized as 'personal', 'procedural', 'culturalisit' or 'evangelical'. There was an overwhelming consensus that patients' faith and trust in nurses produces a positive effect on patients and families, and nurses themselves derived satisfaction from the experience of giving spiritual care. In this respect, spiritual care interventions promote a sense of well-being in nurses as well as being a valuable part of total patient care. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there is scope for developing an ideal model of spiritual care using the critical incident data from this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The deChristianization of Christian hospital chaplaincy: some bioethics reflections on professionalization, ecumenization, and secularization.

The traditional roles of Christian chaplains in aiding patients, physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators in repentance, right belief, right worship, and right conduct are challenged by the contemporary professionalization of chaplaincy guided by post-Christian norms located in a public space structured by three defining postulates: the non-divinity of Christ, robust ecumenism, and the irrelevance of God's existence. The norms of this emerging post-Christian profession of chaplaincy make interventions with patients, physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators in defense of specifically Christian bioethical norms and goals unprofessional, because the chaplain is now directed as a professional to support health care services held to standards articulated within a secular morality. These changes are exemplar of the profound recasting of the dominant moral culture with wide-ranging implications for bioethics.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2004

Doctor-family-patient relationship: the Chinese paradigm of informed consent.

Bioethics is a subject far removed from the Chinese, even from many Chinese medical students and medical professionals. In-depth interviews with eighteen physicians, patients, and family members provided a deeper understanding of bioethical practices in contemporary China, especially with regard to the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) and informed consent. The Chinese model of doctor-family-patient relationship (DFPR), instead of DPR, is taken to reflect Chinese Confucian cultural commitments. An examination of the history of Chinese culture and the profession of medicine in China is used to disclose the deep roots of these commitments. The author predicts that the DFPR model will further develop in China but that it will maintain its Chinese character.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prenatal testing: the perceptions and experiences of Muslim women in Australia.

This paper examines how Muslim women perceive and experience prenatal testing. In addition, we look at women's partners and their opinions relating to prenatal testing. The paper is based on in-depth interviews with immigrant women who identify themselves as followers of Islam and are now living in Australia. The women have, in general, positive attitudes toward prenatal testing, particularly ultrasound. However, some are ambivalent about amniocentesis. Despite their doubts, women tend to accept prenatal testing as they believe it is routine in antenatal care and confirms their own perceptions of being a 'normal mother', who should accept advice from their doctors. Women's partners also play an important role in the acceptance of prenatal testing among women in this study. We argue that women's perceptions and subjective experience of prenatal testing should be taken into account when providing prenatal services to them. Women need to be given a choice rather than being pressured and made to conform to the routinization of prenatal testing which as taken place in the Australian health care system. Only then will we see sensitive health care provided for women in general and for Muslim immigrant women in particular.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1995

The new reproductive technologies: defying God's dominion?

Objections that the New Reproductive Technologies pose temptations to "play God" are common. This essay examines three versions of the objection: 1) these technologies "usurp God's dominion in reproduction"; 2) they permit us to "make" our offspring; and 3) they involve us in a denial of human finitude. None proves to generate a decisive case against the New Reproductive Technologies; each requires some further argument to be persuasive. Nonetheless, warning not to "play God" are shown to have an important parenetic function in the debate over medically-assisted reproduction, occasioning needed reflection on the meaning of creatureliness, finitude and responsible co-creation in the context of new forms of reproduction.

Catholicism↗