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Results for “Sperm Motility”

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PubMed1994

Efficiency of discontinuous Percoll gradients preparation for selection of motile sperm from poor quality semens.

Efficiency of discontinuous Percoll gradients preparation for selection of motile sperm from poor quality semens was studied in 106 semen samples, of which 52 were normozoospermia, 9 were oligozoospermia, 29 were asthenozoospermia, and 16 were oligoasthenozoospermia. Sperms from each semen sample were recovered by the discontinuous two-layer (50%/100%) Percoll centrifugation technique. Overall motile sperm recovery rate was about 27 per cent. The results obtained in this study indicated that sperm selection by this method from oligozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic semen samples was not as good as normozoospermic semen samples because per cent progressive motility showed no statistically significant improvement after sperm selection in oligozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic semen samples. Moreover, total sperm recovery rate and motile sperm recovery rate of oligozoospermic semen samples were less than normozoospermic samples significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005, respectively).

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗

PubMed2007

Tadalafil as an in vitro sperm motility stimulant.

Tadalafil (Cialis) is a known oral selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used widely in the management of erectile dysfunction. To assess its ability on human sperm motility in vitro, 70 asthenozoospermic semen specimens delivered by masturbation were investigated. Semen samples were divided equally into four tubes, one as a control and to the others tadalafil dissolved solution was added in vitro in three different concentrations (4.0, 1.0, 0.5 mg ml(-1) respectively). The tubes were incubated and were followed up for sperm motility per cent changes for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 h. It was found that the concentration used played an important role in the degree of sperm enhancement. Specimens treated with 4 mg ml(-1) tadalafil solution demonstrated a significant decrease in sperm motility compared with the controls. Specimens treated with 1.0 mg ml(-1) solution demonstrated significant increase in sperm progressive forward motility. Specimens treated with 0.5 mg ml(-1) solution demonstrated significant increases in sperm motility but lower than that of 1 mg ml(-1) concentration. It is concluded that in vitro use of tadalafil solution in special concentration has a significant stimulatory effect on asthenozoospermic sperm motility.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Inhibition of sperm motility by bovine serum components.

Various sources and components of mammalian sera were evaluated for their ability to maintain or inhibit sperm motility. Human, rabbit, hamster, and porcine sera were equal in ability to maintain motility of human sperm. Four sources of fetal calf serum and one source of neonatal calf serum were unable to maintain motility of human sperm or sperm-fertilizing potential. In the presence of human serum, fetal calf serum actually inhibited human sperm motility. Fetuin, a component of fetal calf serum, contained the inhibitory activity. An inhibitory effect of fetuin on porcine and caprine sperm motility was also observed. The inhibitory activity resided in the second peak when fetuin was separated by isoelectric focusing. The sperm head membranes remained impermeable to dye, and mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained after motility had been reduced to almost zero by incubation with fetuin and fetuin fractions. Fetuin or the active portion of the molecule may be a useful component of a vaginal contraceptive and in research where inhibition of motility is desirable.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Human sperm endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression: correlation with sperm motility.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pattern of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression on human spermatozoa and to determine whether sperm eNOS expression correlates with sperm function. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Twelve nonazoospermic infertile men. INTERVENTION(S): Semen samples (n=12) obtained from nonazoospermic infertile men were fractionated on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining on spermatozoa was correlated with sperm motility in Percoll gradient-fractionated spermatozoa. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein was detected with the use of a previously characterized monoclonal antibody. Control slides were incubated with preabsorbed antibody or mouse immunoglobulin G. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Localization of eNOS on human spermatozoa and correlation between the pattern of sperm eNOS expression and sperm motility. RESULT(S): Morphologically normal spermatozoa exhibited postacrosomal and equatorial eNOS immunostaining. However, abnormally shaped spermatozoa often exhibited aberrant staining (in the midpiece and/or head region). A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage of sperm with aberrant eNOS immunostaining and the percentage of motile sperm (r=-.46). CONCLUSION(S): The specific localization of eNOS to human spermatozoa suggests that nitric oxide may be involved in normal sperm physiology. However, aberrant patterns of sperm eNOS expression are associated with decreased sperm motility, possibly through the generation of excessive cytotoxic oxidants.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

The regulation of sperm motility by a novel hyaluronan receptor.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a novel receptor for hyaluronan, termed RHAMM, is responsible for the previously observed increase in sperm locomotion in response to hyaluronan and to assess whether expression of the RHAMM protein is involved in sperm motility. DESIGN: The RHAMM protein was localized on human sperm by immunofluorescence of fixed cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) of cell surface phenotype, and Western transblot analysis of cell proteins. The effect of monospecific antibodies on sperm motility was examined using computer-assisted image analysis. Results of motility studies were assessed statistically with analysis of variance. SETTING: Samples were collected from donors from the University of Manitoba donor insemination program. SUBJECTS: Semen was collected twice from four participants and a total of 10,000 sperm per sample were evaluated. RESULTS: A hyaluronan receptor, RHAMM, was localized by immunofluorescence along the tail, the midpiece, and the head of sperm. Positive staining obtained with FACS analysis indicated that RHAMM occurred on the surface of sperm, whereas immunoblot analysis of sperm cell lysates revealed RHAMM proteins of MWE 58 and 64 kd, consistent with the size of RHAMM localized from fibroblasts. A polyclonal antibody specific to a peptide encoded in the fibroblast RHAMM complementary DNA significantly decreased the motility of sperm. Analysis of this inhibition is consistent with an effect of the antibody on flagellar function. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of RHAMM on sperm surfaces and the ability of monospecific antibodies to inhibit sperm motility suggest an important role for this novel glycoprotein in sperm motility.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition enhances human sperm motility.

BACKGROUND: The number of spermatozoa with forward motility after capacitation procedures represents the limiting factor for application of IVF versus intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure in cases of oligoasthenozoospermia. The possibility of increasing this number may thus be of help to the patient. A complex array of signalling pathways is involved in the regulation of sperm motility and recent data pointed out an important role for kinase/phosphatase-regulated phosphorylation of proteins. Here, we investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a lipid and protein kinase involved in the regulation of several biological aspects of somatic cells, on human sperm motility by using the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002. METHODS AND RESULTS: We demonstrated that in-vitro incubation of swim-up selected or unselected human spermatozoa with LY294002 determined an increase of percentage forward motility in all the treated samples. The effect was dose-dependent with an EC(50) of 1.09 +/- 0.54 micromol/l. LY294002 also increased sperm movement characteristics and hyperactivation as evaluated by computer-assisted motion analyser. The compound was also able to overcome the detrimental effect of hydrogen peroxide and lithium chloride on sperm motility. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a negative role for PI3K in the development and maintenance of sperm motility and suggest a possible use of PI3K inhibitors to enhance motility in cases of asthenozoospermia.

Chromones↗

PubMed2003

Storage of red deer epididymides for four days at 5 degrees C: effects on sperm motility, viability, and morphological integrity.

The purpose of this study was to assess the sperm motility, the plasma membrane integrity and the morphology of red deer spermatozoa when maintained within epididymides stored for 4 days at 5 degrees C, and to evaluate whether such stored spermatozoa are able to withstand a refrigeration process. Thirty pairs of testes, with attached epididymides, were collected from 30 hunter-killed mature stags (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and spermatozoa from each one of the pairs were immediately collected in Triladyl medium, evaluated and refrigerated (Control Group). The remaining testes and epididymides were gradually cooled to 5 degrees C and stored for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days (Experimental Groups), after which spermatozoa were processed as described previously for the control group. The effects on spermatozoa that had been stored within epididymides for various times were determined by assaying sperm motility index (SMI), plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology (SM). In the same way, SMI and SM were assessed after spermatozoa refrigeration at 5 degrees C for 3 hours in different groups (SMI-R, SM-R). There was no significant decrease in plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa recovered from epididymides stored at 5 degrees C for 4 days. Similarly, the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa remained unaffected during the first 3 days of storage. In contrast, during storage sperm motility evaluation revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower SMI values for samples from epididymides stored 2, 3, and 4 days (47.7+/-3.6, 45.5+/-4.4, 44.1+/-5.2) than that of the control group (57.6+/-1.6). Similar results were obtained after refrigeration of spermatozoa in Triladyl at 5 degrees C. These data suggest that it might be possible to recover functional spermatozoa from red deer epididymides stored at 5 degrees C during several days when epididymal spermatozoa cannot be collected and cryopreserved immediately.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Sperm motility in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is affected by nonylphenol.

Nonylphenol, a widespread aquatic pollutant with endocrine-disrupting potential has been found to affect sperm motility in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). This marine invertebrate, a global aquaculture species, was exposed to nonylphenol at concentrations of 1 and 100 microg l(-1) for a duration of 72 h during the period of gametogenesis. Growth was monitored at regular intervals until sexual maturity when sperm motility was assessed. The growth rate of C. gigas remained unaffected by exposure to nonylphenol during gametogenesis. However, the number of individuals with motile sperm was significantly reduced.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Antioxidant supplementation in vitro does not improve human sperm motility.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of supplementation of preparation media with ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol on subsequent sperm motility and reactive oxygen species production. DESIGN: Prospective study to analyze postpreparation human sperm motility parameters and reactive oxygen species production following antioxidant supplementation. SETTING: Andrology Laboratory, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland. PATIENT(S): Sixty patients attending the Andrology Laboratory for semen analysis. INTERVENTION(S): Normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic semen samples (n = 10 for each control and antioxidant group) were prepared by Percoll density centrifugation (95%-47.5%) in media supplemented with ascorbate or alpha-tocopherol to different concentrations within physiologic levels. Controls were included that were not exposed to antioxidant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm motility parameters were assessed using computer-assisted semen analysis. The generation of reactive oxygen species was determined using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. RESULT(S): The production of reactive oxygen species by sperm was reduced by supplementation in vitro with ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol. However, progressive motility, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and linearity were decreased significantly, with the greatest inhibition observed with the highest concentrations of antioxidants. CONCLUSION(S): Supplementation of preparation media with ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol, either singly or in combination, is not beneficial to sperm motility.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2000

Type 5 phosphodiesterase regulation of human sperm motility.

OBJECTIVE: Inhibition of phosphodiesterases results in the buildup of intracellular cyclic nucleotides, which have been shown to affect sperm motility and acrosome reaction. The objective of this study was to determine whether the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil has an effect on sperm motility and acrosome parameters. STUDY DESIGN: Sperm cells were washed by two-layer colloid wash and resuspended in modified human tubal fluid with 5% serum albumin. They were incubated in the presence of different concentrations (0-40 nmol/L) of the type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil. Aliquots of sperm were removed at hours 0, 4, 24, and 48, and motility parameters were measured on the Hamilton-Thorn HTM-C (Hamilton-Thorn Research, Danvers, Mass) motility analyzer. Sperm acrosomes were analyzed with the Spermac (Stain Enterprises, South Africa; distributed by Sage Biopharma, Bedminster, NJ) acrosome stain. RESULTS: Sperm progressive motility and hyperactivation were stimulated to greater than the control at hour 4, followed by a decrease. There was a dose-dependent effect of the type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor on sperm motility parameters but not on percentage of cells with acrosome reaction. The type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor stimulated sperm acrosome reaction by almost 50% above the control. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that inhibition of type 5 phosphodiesterase activity in human sperm resulted in enhanced progressive motility and hyperactivation. In addition, inhibition of type 5 phosphodiesterase also caused an increase in acrosome reaction. This suggests a role for type 5 phosphodiesterase in preventing premature acrosome reaction, which is associated with failed fertilization.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed2005

Delayed vasectomy success in men with a first postvasectomy semen analysis showing motile sperm.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of and factors associated with delayed vasectomy success in men with first postvasectomy semen analysis showing motile sperm. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: One hospital-based family planning clinic and two private clinics from the Quebec City area, Canada. PATIENT(S): Three hundred nine men vasectomized between 1990 and 2001 and who had a first semen analysis showing motile sperm. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Vasectomy success, based on the last available semen analysis-either in the medical record or as requested for the study-and on sterility as established by a telephone-based questionnaire in 2003. RESULT(S): Among the 309 men, 174 (56.3%, 95% confidence interval 50.7%-61.7%) had delayed vasectomy success. Significant independent factors associated with delayed vasectomy success were lower sperm count in the first postvasectomy semen analysis and shorter interval between vasectomy and first postvasectomy semen analysis. CONCLUSION(S): Delayed vasectomy success occurs in more than half of men with a first postvasectomy semen analysis showing motile sperm. The decision to repeat vasectomy should not rely on a single semen analysis showing motile sperm.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Application study of human sperm motility bioassay in IVF laboratory quality control].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivity of human sperm survival bioassay to using known concentrations of potential toxin of formalin and to elevate the application value of human sperm motility assay as a quality control method in detecting the components used in IVF program. METHODS: Fresh semen was obtained from healthy males at andrology laboratory by masturbation. Sperm was processed on a gradient column of isolate medium and PBS medium. In experiment 1, the medium with 0.25%, 0.75% concentration of formalin and control medium were added to the Falcon culture tubes containing HTF medium with or without 0.3% bovine albumin serum and with or without light mineral oil. In experiment 2, in 3 types of culture tubes containing HTF medium with or without 0.3% bovine albumin serum and with or without light mineral oil, the sperm was exposed to each culture tube and cultured for 24 and 48 hrs at room temperature, and the motile sperms were counted under the microscope. RESULTS: The average sperm motility index in the HTF medium with 0.25% formalin at 24 hrs was 0.594 +/- 0.331, significantly higher than in the HTF medium with 0.75% formalin (0.450 +/- 0.284) (P < 0.01). In the medium containing 0.25% and 0.75% formalin with 0.3% bovine albumin serum and light mineral oil, the average sperm survival indexes were 0.683 +/- 0.334 and 0.527 +/- 0.345, respectively, higher than without bovine albumin serum and light mineral oil (0.394 +/- 0.311 and 0.424 +/- 0.311). The average sperm index of 7 ml tissue culture tube made in Denmark was 0.677 +/- 0.335, higher than the other two types of culture tubes made in the USA (0.551 +/- 0.317 and 0.596 +/- 0.327) (P < 0.001). When the sperm cultured in the medium with 0.3% bovine albumin serum and light mineral oil, the average sperm survival indexes were 0.821 +/- 0.259 and 0.645 +/- 0.335, respectively, higher than without bovine albumin serum or light mineral oil (0.571 +/- 0.321 and 0.395 +/- 0.245) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The sperm survival bioassay is a sensitivity quality control method to detect the components in the IVF laboratory. The 7 ml tissue culture tube made in Denmark is most suitable for culturing human embryos. Sperm can be protected when cultured in the medium with 0.3% albumin bovine serum and light mineral oil.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Motile sperm recovery from fresh and frozen-thawed ejaculates using a swim-up procedure.

The recovery of motile sperm in swim-ups from fresh semen that was washed and centrifuged one time was 33% and after 2 washes and centrifugations was 22%. The recovery rates for frozen-thawed semen were only 7% and 5%, respectively. The straight line velocity of sperm was increased after sperm swim-up, whereas changes to the lateral sperm head movement were not as evident. However, the dramatic loss in motile sperm numbers especially after swim-up from thawed semen indicate that more efficient methods of isolating motile sperm from thawed semen may be required.

Cryopreservation↗

PubMed1999

Lipid peroxidation in human spermatozoa and maintenance of progressive sperm motility.

Washed and deep frozen spermatozoa of 46 patients from an infertility clinic were separated into 3 different groups depending on their progressive motility (expressed as the sperm motile efficiency index according to Ishii et al., 1977), determined 0 and 3 h after liquefaction, and were examined for their lipid peroxidation (LPO) potential by means of the thiobarbituric acid assay. Spontaneous and iron-catalysed generation (after 15, 30 and 60 min incubation) of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was measured spectrophotometrically. Spontaneous LPO revealed the highest generation of TBARS in the group of spermatozoa with initially normal progressive motility and decreased maintenance of progressive motility after 3 h of aerobic incubation. Iron-catalysed LPO generally revealed the highest amounts of TBARS after 60 min, especially in the aforementioned group with decreased motility maintenance. The differences between this group and the two other groups were highly significant. Consequently, spermatozoa with initially normal progressive motility but decreased maintenance of motility, generated higher amounts of stable LPO products than others, which suggests that loss of motility under aerobic incubation seems to be the consequence of enhanced LPO processes.

Catalysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The stimulatory role of estrogen on sperm motility in the male golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

To clarify the physiological roles of estrogens in the regulation of sperm motility in the golden hamster, two different approaches were used. In the first experiment, silastic tubes containing either low (low E2 group) or high (high E2 group) amount of estradiol-17beta were implanted (Exp 1). In the second experiment, male golden hamsters were actively immunized against estradiol-17beta (Exp 2). In Exp 1, all sperm motility parameters (including motility, straight velocity, curvilinear velocity, beat/cross frequency, and mean amplitude of lateral head displacement) were significantly increased except linear index in the high E2 group as compared with controls at 20 days after the treatment. In the high E2 group, plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) significantly increased, whereas levels of circulating testosterone decreased significantly. Plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and immunoreactive inhibin were not affected by the treatment with estradiol-17beta. In the Exp 2, titer of circulating antibodies to estradiol-17beta consistently increased after the second immunization until the end of experiment (16 weeks). The sperm motility, straight velocity, and curvilinear velocity were significantly decreased after active immunization to estradiol-17beta. Concentrations of circulating LH and FSH were also decreased significantly by the treatment. In conclusion, the current observations indicate that estradiol-17beta affects sperm motility in adult male golden hamsters.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Ultrasound transmission gel in the vagina can impair sperm motility.

The effect of ultrasound transmission gel on sperm motility was assessed because of a few unsatisfactory post-coital tests, encountered after vaginal ultrasonography in otherwise normal couples. Swim-up samples of spermatozoa from donors and patients with asthenozoospermia were incubated in ultrasonic transmission gel at various concentrations. Sperm progressive motility and viability were checked. Donor sperm progressive motility declined from 90.9 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SD) to 30.6 +/- 2.7% (P < or = 0.001) within 18 h at a gel concentration of only 10% (by volume). There were no progressive motile spermatozoa after incubation in 80% gel. In the swim-up fraction from asthenozoospermic patients, motility declined from 92.2 +/- 2.5% to 11.6 +/- 2.1% (P < or = 0.001) within 130 min at a gel concentration of 10% (by volume). Eosin staining for viability demonstrated that the loss of motility was mostly due to loss of viability. The use of ultrasound transmission gel should be avoided during follicular follow-up close to the date of expected ovulation in couples who practise dated natural intercourse or cervical insemination. Normal saline is an adequate substitute in this period with relatively large follicles.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed1979

Initiation of hamster sperm motility from quiescence: effect of conditions upon flagellation and respiration.

The point within the male reproductive tract where sperm motility originates varies with mammalian species. Premotile sperm from hamster, a species whose sperm are still quiescent in the epididymis, were used here to investigate further the parameters involved in the initiation of sperm motility. Two types of motility were produced: (1) partial, weak flagellation by simple dilution; (2) strong, complete motility by inducers (calcium, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate) in the presence of amplifiers (caffeine, spermine). Expansion of initiation conditions to test tube volumes revealed that, at high sperm dilutions, bicarbonate could also induce motility. The respiratory consequences of sperm motility induction were measured. A Large, short-term burst of oxygen consumption occurred at a time paralleling the previously reported shifts in nucleotide levels associated with this event.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Involvement of calcium in the caffeine stimulation of human sperm motility.

The shape of the concentration-response curve and the amplitude of maximal motility increase for the stimulatory effect of caffeine on human sperm motility were similar to those of EGTA, a calcium chelator, and lanthanum chloride, a calcium entry blocker. On the other hand, the maximal motility stimulation induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP was similar to that induced by trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist. The antagonism of A23187 on the motility-stimulating effect of EGTA and caffeine was competitive in nature, while that on cyclic AMP was non-competitive. We proposed that there could be two mechanisms for caffeine to stimulate sperm motility: at higher concentrations, caffeine modified calcium translocation; at lower concentrations, caffeine increased cyclic AMP level. The importance of calcium in the regulation of human sperm motility was reconfirmed in this study.

Bucladesine↗